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"Obesitas merupakan keadaan penumpukan lemak tubuh yang erat kaitannya dengan penyakit sirkulasi. TNI merupakan golongan manusia yang berkualitas dan dipersiapkan dalam mempertahankan keamanan Negara, sehingga perlu diperhatikan keadaan status lemak tubuhnya yang dapat menghambat perannya dilapangan. Salah satu perubahan yang terjadi yakni gaya hidup yang konsumtif dan sedentaris. Hal tersebut menyebabkan energi yang diterima tidak seimbang dengan energi yang dikeluarkan. Salah satu cara yang dapat dipergunakan untuk mengetahui keadaan gizi seseorang dengan persen lemak tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dan hubungan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan obesitas berdasarkan persen lemak tubuh pada pria (40-55 tahun) anggota ABRI/TNI di Kantor Direktorat Jrnderal Zeni TNIAD Tahun 2008. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 105 orang dipilih sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Dari hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan sebagian besar anggota TNI Zeni yang mengalami obesitas sebesar 25,7%. Mayoritas berstatus normal dengan lemak tubuh 22,37%. Selain itu hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan bermakna antara golongan kerja, konsumsi lemak, konsumsi protein, RLPP, tingkat pengetahuan gizi (P < 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas, sebaiknya anggota TNI Zeni yang mengalami obesitas perlu adanya perbaikan menu dalam penyediaan makanan, penggunaan RLPP untuk mengukur gambaran lemak perut dan pemasangan poster mengenai menu seimbang dan dampak dari obesitas. Selain itu, perlu diadakannya penyuluhan oleh berbagai pihak agar dampak dikemudian hari dapat diminimalisir sejak sekarang."

"The prevalance of obesity is increasing globally, both in developed and developing countries including Indonesia. Obesity accurs due to imbalance between energy intake and energy release for a long time as indicated by body mass index (BMI)...."

"Angka prevalensi obesitas diberbagai negara menunjukkan adanya kenaikan, begitu pun dengan Indonesia. Asupan gizi makro dan serat merupakan salah satu faktor risiko obesitas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan zat gizi makro dan serat dengan kejadian obesitas penduduk usia >18 tahun di Provinsi Sumatra Barat, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Sulawesi Selatan. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas di Sumatra Barat dan Jawa Barat sebesar 12.3%, Jawa Tengah 9.6%, dan Sulawesi Selatan 11.4%. Di Sumatra Barat, asupan lemak berhubungan signifikan dengan obesitas. Di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah, asupan energi, protein, dan lemak berhubungan signifikan dengan obesitas. Di Sulawesi Selatan, asupan energi, lemak, dan serat berhubungan signifikan dengan obesitas.

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Prevalence of obesity in various countries showed a rise, so too with Indonesia. One of the factors that related to obesity was macronutrients and fiber intake.The aim of this study was to evaluate macronutrient and fiber in relation to obesity among adult people (aged 18 years and above). The research design was used cross sectional design. The prevalence of obesity in West Sumatra & West Java were 12.3%, in Central Java was 9.6%, and 11.4% in South Sulawesi. In West Sumatra, fat intake associated with obesity. In West Java and Central Java, energy, protein, and fat intake were associated with obesity. In South Sulawesi, energy, fat, and fiber intake were associated with obesity."

"Obesitas pada remaja merupakan akumulasi lemak pada tubuh yang terjadi secara bertahap. Obesitas terjadi karena interaksi yang sangat kompleks antara parental fatness, pola makan, dan gaya hidup. Prevalensi obesitas pada remaja di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pola makan dan aktivitas fisik antara remaja obesitas dan non obesitas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observational analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 40 orang dengan usia 15-17 tahun di SMAK Santa Agnes Surabaya secara simple random sampling, yang terdiri atas 20 orang obesitas dan 20 orang non obesitas. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney untuk tingkat pengetahuan gizi remaja, pengeluaran jajan remaja, frekuensi makan, pola konsumsi makanan cepat saji, pola konsumsi kudapan, tingkat konsumsi energi, karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak, tingkat aktivitas fisik, serta parental fatness. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada tingkat pengetahuan gizi remaja, pengeluaran jajan remaja, frekuensi makan, pola konsumsi makanan cepat saji, pola konsumsi kudapan atau makanan ringan, serta tingkat konsumsi energi, karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak, antara kelompok obesitas dan kelompok non obesitas. Demikian juga untuk tingkat aktivitas fisik dan parental fatness, terdapat perbedaan antara remaja pada kelompok obesitas dengan non obesitas. Adanya perbedaan parental fatness, pola makan dan aktivitas remaja antara kelompok obesitas dengan non obesitas. Oleh karena itu, disarankan pemberian informasi dan pendidikan tentang pola makan yang sehat dan aktivitas fisik yang cukup untuk mencegah terjadinya obesitas.

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Obesity in teenage is a syndrome that happened because of fat accumulation in the body. Obesity occured because of complex interaction between parental fatness, food pattern, and physical activity. In Indonesia, prevalence of teenage obesity is gradually increasing. The aim of this research was to analyze about the difference of food pattern and physical activity between obesity and non obesity teenage group.

This study was an analytical observational research with cross sectional design. The samples were 40 teenage from Santa Agnes senior high school Surabaya (age 15-17) that was taken by simple random sampling, that divers to 20 obese and 20 non obese teenage group. The data were analysed by Mann Whitney test for nutrition knowledge, pocket money, food pattern, fast food's consumption, snack?s consumption pattern, consumption level of energy, carbohydrat, protein, and fat, physical activity and parental fatness.

The result of the statistic test showed that variables significant difference are nutrition knowledge, pocket money, food pattern, fast food?s consumption, snack?s consumption pattern, energy consumption level, carbohydrate consumption level, protein consumption level, fat consumption level, physical activity and parental fatness between obese and non obese teenage group. The conlusion is that significant differences are food pattern and physical activity between obese and non obese teenage group. Recommendation is necessary to provide information and education to teenage about healthy food and adequate physical activity to prevent obesity."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui beberapa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan lingkar pinggang sebagai indikator obesitas sentral. Desain penelitian yang digunakan cross-sectional dengan sistem random sampling pada 121 responden pegawai kantor pusat PT Wijaya Karya, Jakarta Timur di bulan April-Mei 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi lingkar pinggang, riwayat genetik, usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), persen lemak tubuh (PLT), pengeluaran per bulan, aktivitas fisik, dan asupan gizi (asupan energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, dan serat). Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran lingkar pinggang, persen lemak tubuh, antropometri, kuesioner, dan wawancara FFQ-semiquantirarive. Usia, IMT, PLT, pengeluaran per bulan, asupan energi, lemak, dan karbohidrat berkorelasi signifikan dengan lingkar pinggang (p < 0,05). Perbedaan signifikan juga ditunjukkan antara jenis kelamin dengan lingkar pinggang (p < 0,05). Semakin tinggi usia, IMT, PLT, asupan energi maka semakin besar ukuran lingkar pinggang.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the association of some risk factors in waist circtunference as an abdominal obesity indicator. A cross sectional comprised 121 respondent by random sampling among employee in head office PT Wijaya Karya, Jakarta Timur on April - May 2012. Data collected included genetic history, age, sex, BMI, body fat percentage (BFP), household outcome, physical activity, and dietaly intake (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber). Data were collected through waist measurement, percentage of body fat, anthropometry, questiomlaires, and FFQ-semiquantitative interviews. Age, BMI, BFP, household outcome, intake of energy, fat and carbohydrate were sig11ificantly correlated with waist circumference (p < 0,0S). Also indicated significant differences between the sexes with waist circumference. An increase in age, BMI, BFP, and intake of energy were correlated with a statistically significant in waist circumference gain."

"[Latar belakang: Konsumsi MRDPG meningkat secara paralel dengan peningkatan prevalens obesitas di seluruh dunia sehingga diduga menjadi salah satu faktor risiko obesitas yang bermakna. Data di Indonesia terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG dan hubungannya dengan obesitas pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap. Tahap I (studi potong lintang) didesain untuk mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG (total sampling). Uji hipotesis dilakukan pada Tahap II (studi kasus kontrol) secara purposive sampling (subjek obes dan gizi baik) dengan matching (usia dan jenis kelamin). MRDPG yang diteliti adalah soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, teh manis, dan kopi instan/siap saji. Konsumsi MRDPG dinilai dengan semi kuantitatif FFQ yang telah divalidasi sebelumnya. Pemeriksaan antropometri dilakukan dengan cara standar sesuai protokol. Risiko obes karena konsumsi MRDPG dianalisis dengan conditional logistic regression bersama dengan faktor perancu. Hasil: Sebanyak 421 dan 182 subjek memenuhi kriteria penelitian tahap I dan II. Proporsi subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG adalah 92,2% dan 63,9% di antaranya mengonsumsi 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari. Konsumsi MRDPG pada anak lelaki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan (P<0,001). Rerata konsumsi MRDPG berdasarkan volume, kalori, dan gula tambahan adalah 348 ml, 117 kkal, dan 26,6 gram per hari (≈ 5 sdt gula pasir setiap hari). Kontribusi kalori terbesar adalah teh manis dan yang terkecil soda. Subjek mengonsumsi MRDPG di antara 2 waktu makan dan di semua tempat. Setelah mengontrol faktor perancu, subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari memiliki risiko obes sebesar 2,54 kali (RO 2,54; IK 95% 1,07-6,05; P=0,03). Risiko tersebut bertambah sebesar 45% untuk setiap konsumsi 1 porsi (RO 1,45; IK 95% 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 porsi=240 ml). Teh manis dan kopi instan/siap saji menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan obesitas. Simpulan: Pola konsumsi MRDPG pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun mengkhawatirkan. Semakin sering seorang anak mengonsumsi MRDPG, semakin besar kemungkinannya menjadi obes;Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese., Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese.]"

"Obesitas bukan lagi menjadi masalah kesehatan di Negara maju, namun juga di Negara berkembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan upaya pencegahan obesitas dan hubungan karakteristik dengan upaya pencegahan obesitas remaja di SMAN 97 Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasi melibatkan 97 sampel remaja usia 15-17 tahun direkrut menggunakan simple random sampling dengan memilih tiga kelas dari sembilan kelas X dan kelas XI dan quota sampling untuk pemilihan sampelnya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan data diolah dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan upaya pencegahan obesita (p = 0,222; α = 0,05). Namun, terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik jenis kelamin dengan upaya pencegahan obesitas. Disarankan agar tak hanya dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan tentang obesitas saja, tetapi juga dengan berbagai pendekatan pada remaja yang dapat mengubah sikap dan perilaku mencegah obesitas.

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Obesity was no longer a prevalent health problem in developed countries, but also for developing countries. The study was conducted to determine relationship between knowledge and prevention efforts in adolescence at 97 Senior High School. The research design descriptive correlation involving 97 samples of adolescents aged 15-17 years. Simple random sampling & quota sampling were used to select classes and student. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed with chi square.

The results showed there was no relationship between knowledge with prevention efforts in adolescence (p = 0,222; α = 0,05). However, there was a significant relationship between gender and prevention efforts. It is recommended obesity prevention should include a variety of approaches to change attitudes and behaviors."

"Latar belakang: Peningkatan status sosial ekonomi masyarakat dan perubahan gaya hidup, termasuk dalam perubahan pola makan serta kurangnya aktivitas fisik meningkatkan prevalensi kegemukan dan obesitas.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas pada orang dewasa di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007 dengan disain cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah semua anggota rumah tangga yang berumur ≥ 18 tahun. Sedangkan sampel adalah semua anggota rumah tangga yang berumur ≥ 18 tahun dengan kriteria inklusi tidak cacat fisik dan mental, tidak dalam keadaan hamil, dan mempunyai Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) minimal 18,5 kg/m2. Responden dikatakan obesitas jika IMT lebih dari 27 kg/m2. Aktivitas fisik diukur dengan menanyakan jenis aktivitas fisik (berat dan sedang) dan durasinya per minggu. Regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas.Hasil dan simpulan: Prevalensi obesitas (IMT>27 kg/m2) pada orang dewasa ditemukan sebesar 12,47 persen (CI 95%: 12,28 ? 12,66). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada orang dewasa setelah dikontrol oleh variabel penganggu (wilayah, umur, jenis kelamin, status kawin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, kebiasaan merokok). Aktivitas fisik yang kurang memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk obesitas dibandingkan aktivitas fisik yang cukup.Rekomendasi: Untuk mengurangi kejadian obesitas disarankan agar melakukan aktivitas fisik yang cukup seperti: jalan kaki, joging, lari pagi, dan bersepeda. Selanjutnya Departemen Kesehatan perlu mengembangkan pedoman baku terkait dengan kecukupan aktivitas fisik.

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Background: The enhancement of social economy status and the life style changes, including changes in eating habits and reduction of physical activities increased overweight and obesity prevalence.

Objective: The research objective is to know the relationship of physical activity and adult obesity in Indonesia.

Method: This research used Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) 2007 data with cross-sectional design. The populations were all household members aged ≥ 18 years. The samples were all household members aged ≥ 18, physically and mentally healthy, non-pregnant, and their BMI at least 18.5 kg/m2. The respondent was obese if his BMI was at least 18.5 kg/m2. Physical activity was assessed with questions about its type (vigorous and moderate) and its duration per week. Logistic regression was used to study the relationship of physical activity and adult obesity.

Result and Conclusion: Obesity prevalence (BMI>27kg/m2) in adult was 12.47% (CI 95%: 12.28 ? 12.66). The result showed that there was a relationship between physical activity and adult obesity, controlled by confounder variable (area, age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, and smoking habits). People who had insufficient physical activity had more risk to become obese than those who had sufficient physical activity.

Recommendation: To reduce the risk of becoming obese, it is advisable to have sufficient physical activity such as, walking, jogging, running, and biking. It is also necessary for Health Department to develop guidance of sufficient physical activity."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai hubungan antara pola konsumsi (konsumsi fast food, konsumsi soft drink, kebiasaan sarapan), karakteristik remaja (berat lahir, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan gizi), karakteristik orang tua (durasi menyusui, IMT ayah, IMT ibu) dan asupan gizi (energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serat) dengan overweight pada remaja di SMA Marsudirini Bekasi tahun 2013. Penelitian menggunakan studi deskriptif dengan disain penelitian cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total populasi setelah memenuhi krtiteia inklusi dan eksklusi yaitu sebanyak 117 orang. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dengan chi square, dan multivariat dengan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi overweight pada remaja sebesar 39,3%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara IMT ayah, IMT ibu dan asupan lemak dengan overweight. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memiliki pengaruh paling dominan terhadap overweight ialah asupan lemak. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu remaja rutin mengecek status gizinya dan menerapkan pola makan yang sesuai dengan pedoman umum gizi seimbang serta melakukan peer group discussion agar termotivasi untuk menjaga pola hidup sehat dan asupan gizi seimbang.

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This thesis discusses relation between nutrient intake (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber), consumption patterns (fast food consumption, soft drink consumption, breakfast habit), adolescents characteristic (birth weight, gender, nutrition knowledge) and parents characteristic (breastfeeding duration, father's Body Mass Index, mother's Body Mass Index) in adolescents at Marsudirini Bekasi Senior High School in 2013. The research uses a desciptive study with cross-sectional research design. Sampling using total population after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 117 people. Data analysis includes univariate, bivariate with chi square and multivariate with logistic regression analysis.

The result showed that the prevalence of overweight on adolescents as much as 39,3%. Bivariate analysis result indicate a relation between father's Body Mass Index, mother's Body Mass Index, and fat intake with overweight in adolescents, whereas there was no relation between consumption pattern, birth weight, gender, nutrition knowledge, breastfeeding duration and nutrient intake (energy, carbohydrate, protein, fiber) with overweight in adolescents. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables that have the most dominant influence on overweight is fat intake. Advice can be given that adolescents routinely check their nutritional status and diet apply in accordance with general guidelines balanced diet and doing peer group discussion for mantaining healthy life style and balance nutrient intake."