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"ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to determine, the comparison of absorption by aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata and Water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes) of malathion insecticide residues in water and comparison of malathion concentrationin tissues of fish fed with of contaminated water plants(Water hyacinth) with tissuesof fish, which was not fedcontaminated water plant. The effect of heating the contaminatedfish tissue, on its level in tissues of rats that consume it.For the first experiment (aquarium filled with 3 litre of water +H. verticillata100 gr + Water hyacinth 100 gr + 20uci14C-labeled malathion); for the second experiment (the first aquarium filled with 3 litre of water + 30 tails of goldfish + 20 uci14C-labeled malathion; second aquarium filled with 3 litre of water + Water hyacinth 100 gr + 30 tail of goldfist + 20 uci 14C ?labeled malathion. For the third experiment (most of contaminated fish tissue in the secondexperiment was driedat room temperature and then given to 30 mice and partly heated and then given to another 30mice). Malathion levels were then analyzed by using a liquid scintillation counter LSC-753 (Aloka). The results of alltreatments were compared using the Student t-test. It can be concluded, H. verticillatawas more efficient compared tothe enceng gondok in absorbing the insecticide malathion residues in water; malathion concentration in the tissues offish fed Water hyacinth was higher than those of fish not fed Water hyacinth; contaminated fish tissue residues ofmalathion, although be heated, can not belowered significantly, levels in the tissue. "

"Infeksi Saluran Reproduksi (ISR) adalah penyakit yang menyerang organ reproduksi, dapat disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan tidak normal organisme seperti Hemophylus vaginalis dan Candidia albicans. Dapat juga ditularkan melalui hubungan seks dengan pasangan yang telah terinfeksi seperti gonore, sifilis dan lain-lain. Bisa juga disebabkan oleh bakteri atau mikroorganisme lainnya yang masuk ke dalam saluran reproduksi melalui prosedur medis yang kurang/tidak steril. Pada beberapa penelitian terlihat bahwa faktor lingkungan perumahan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian suatu penyakit. Kondisi kebersihan perseorangan dan Individu dengan perilaku seksual berisiko berpotensi untuk menderita ISR.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai kejadian ISR pada istri supir truk di PT. Tegas dan PT. Tjadik Gazali dan sanitasi lingkungan rumah serta kebersihan perseorangan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISR tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan sampel adalah seluruh istri supir truk tangki PT. Tegas dan PT. Tjadik Gazali.Pada hasil penelitian ini dapat dilihat bahwa dari 112 responden, yang menderita ISR adalah sebesar (78,6%) dan yang menderita ISR selain gonore sebesar (64,3%). 53 suami responden (47,7) mengaku pernah menderita ISR dalam enam bulan terakhir. Faktor lingkungan perumahan yang berhubungan secara bermakna terhadap ISR adalah Sarana Air Bersih (SAB) (OR=69,0) dan rumah (OR=28,9)Faktor karakteristik responden yang berhubungan bermakna adalah pendidikan istri (OR=5,9). Faktor perilaku dengan hubungan yang bermakna adalah variabel pengetahuan tentang kebersihan perseorangan (020,1), sikap istri terhadap kebersihan perseorangan (OR=36,5), perilaku kebersihan perseorangan secara umum (OR=36,5), perilaku kebersihan perseorangan saat menstruasi (OR=12,5), perilaku seksual berisiko istri dengan (OR=13,8) dan perilaku seksual berisiko suami diluar rumah (OR=85,0). Faktor yang secara bermakna paling berhubungan dengan kejadian ISR adalah SAB (OR=43,7), Rumah (OR=41,1) dan Sikap terhadap kebersihan perseorangan (OR=41,8). Dari ketiga faktor tersebut, faktor yang berinteraksi adalah SAB dengan sikap terhadap kebersihan perseorangan (OR=2,9E+08).Sedangkan untuk ISR selain gonore, faktor lingkungan perumahan yang memiliki hubungan bermakna adalah variabel sarana air bersih (SAB) (OR= 7,0), jamban (OR= 2,9) dan rumah (OR=11,0). Faktor perilaku dengan hubungan yang bermakna adalah variabel pengetahuan tentang kebersihan perseorangan (OR=1,1), perilaku kebersihan perseorangan secara umum (OR=2,7), perilaku seksual berisiko suami diluar rumah (OR=18,8) Faktor yang secara bermakna paling berhubungan dengan kejadian ISR selain gonore adalah jamban (OR=3,3), rumah (OR=7,2) dan perilaku seksual berisiko suami (OR=10,2). Dari ketiga faktor tersebut, yang berinteraksi adalah jamban dengan rumah (OR=1,5) dan rumah dengan perilaku seksual berisiko suami (OR=1123,6).Disarankan untuk mengobati dan mengurangi penularan ISR pada responden dengan pemberian konseling dan penyuluhan oleh klinik serta upaya penyehatan lingkungan perumahan responden. Diharapkan klinik bisa berkoordinasi dengan instansi terkait dalam menangani ISR. Responden diharapkan mau merubah kondisi lingkungan perumahan yang kurang baik dan merubah perilaku berisiko untuk mengurangi kejadian ISR.

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Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) is a disease that attacks reproductive organs, caused by overgrowth of organism that supposed to grow normally in the genital tract of healthy women, such as Hemophylus vaginalis and Candidia albicans. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD's) such as viral infections, bacterial infection or parasites microorganism infections that mostly transmitted by sexual intercourse with infected partners. And not so sterile medical care also have changes to cause RTIs. Climate, wearing tight clothes and bad air circulation are also other risky factors that may cause RTIs such as candidia. In several survey, the environment of house are also related to some severe. Personal hygiene also related to RTIs. The most vulnerable to become the victims of RTIs are the ones with the risky sexual behavior and bad personal hygiene.

The objective of this research is to get some information of RTIs case by driver wifes at PT. Tegas and Tjadik Gazali and the housing sanitation and also personal hygiene of that related to RTIs. The research was based on cross sectional design method of all drivers? wives at PT. Tegas and Tjadik Gazali.

In this study was found that from 112 drivers wives, there are about (78,6%) respondents with RTIs and (64,3%) respondents with RTIs without gonorrhea. 53 drivers (47,7%) said that they had been suffering from RTIs in the last six months. The housing environment factors that have significant related to RTIs are the clean water (OR=69,0) and the house (OR=28,9). For respondent characteristic factor that also have significant related to RTIs is wife's education (OR=5,9). Behavior factors that also have significant related to RTIs are personal hygiene knowledge (OR=20,1), personal hygiene attitude (OR=36,5), general personal hygiene behavior (OR=36,5), personal hygiene menstruation (OR=12,5), wife's risky sexual behavior (OR=13,8) and husband's risky sexual behavior (OR = 85,0). The most significant relation with RTIs are the clean water (OR=43,7), the house (OR=41,1) and personal hygiene attitude (OR=41,8). The interaction of that three factors is clean water with personal hygiene attitude (OR=2,9E+08).

The housing environment factors that have significant related to RTIs without gonorrhea are the clean water (OR=7,0), the toilet (OR=2,9), and the house (OR=11,0). Behavior factors are also have significant related such as knowledge about personal hygiene (OR=1,1), personal hygiene behavior (OR=2,7), husband's risky sexual behavior (OR 18,8). The most significant relation with RTIs are toilet (OR=3,3), house (OR=7,2) and husband's risky sexual behavior (OR-10,2). The interaction of that three factors are toilet with house (OR=1,5) and house with husband's risky sexual behavior (OR=1123,6)

In conclusion, it is recommended to do therapy and minimize the transmission of RTIs by giving counseling in the clinic, and healthy housing program. Respondent have to make healthier housing environment and driver have to change their risky sexual behavior to prevent RTIs."

"Kondisi sanitasi yang buruk dan akses air minum yang tidak layak menjadi penyebab utama keluhan diare dan penyakit pencernaan lainnya. Dengan menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) dan data keberadaan peningkatan fasilitas sanitasi melalui program Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (Sanimas), penelitian ini melihat dampak kualitas sanitasi dan usaha peningkatannya terhadap indikator yang lebih luas, yaitu jumlah keluhan kesehatan pada level rumah tangga (RT). Hasil estimasi cross-section dari penggabungan tiga tahun data Susenas menggunakan metode OLS menunjukkan hubungan positif antara sanitasi yang buruk dan tingkat keluhan kesehatan. Intervensi pemerintah dalam mengatasi eksternalitas negatif dari buruknya kualitas sanitasi menunjukkan hasil yang relatif baik. Keberadaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) dari program Sanimas di suatu desa/kelurahan berhubungan dengan rendahnya tingkat keluhan kesehatan RT yang berada di wilayah tersebut.

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Poor sanitation and lack of safe water access are the main causes of diarrheal morbidity and other waterborne diseases. Using data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) and the Community-Based Sanitation program (Sanimas), the study aims the impact of sanitation quality improvement on broader indicators, namely the number of general health problems at the household level. The OLS estimation from three years pooled data suggests that poor sanitation is correlated with higher number of morbidity. In addition, the presence of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) from the program in certain sub-districts is also correlated with lower household morbidity, compared to households in sub-districts without WWTP."

"Provinsi DKI Jakarta umumnya mengandalkan tangki septik di perumahan dan IPAL permukiman di kawasan tertentu sebagai tempat pembuangan tinja setempat serta membuang cairan efluennya ke saluran drainase, tetapi penelitian mengenai kinerja penyisihan unsur AMR-nya masih minim. IPAL permukiman sebagai salah satu sistem pengolahan tinja setempat menciptakan kondisi yang kondusif bagi terjadinya akuisisi resistensi antarinang via transfer gen horizontal (HGT) berdasarkan kelimpahan nutrisi, kelimpahan mobile genetic elements (MGE) yang memfasilitasi HGT, proses pengolahan, kandungan logam berat sebagai tekanan selektif, dan variabel lain-lain. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis prevalensi ARG dan MGE dengan metode High-Throughput Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HT-qPCR), tingkat reduksi atau peningkatan ARG dan MGE, serta hubungan antara logam berat dan MGE dengan ARG di IPAL permukiman. Sebanyak 8 dari 65 gen target masih terdeteksi di semua sampel unit final (n = 8). Salah satunya adalah crAss56 yang mengindikasikan bahwa efluen cairan IPAL permukiman menjadi potensial sumber diseminasi AMR di hilir. IPAL permukiman tidak menunjukkan kemampuan reduksi kelimpahan absolut gen 16S rRNA, MGE, ARG yang konsisten, bahkan salah satunya (ST4) mengamplifikasi semua gen-gen tersebut. Terlihat pola kelimpahan ARG berbeda antara IPAL permukiman terindikasi terbengkalai dengan yang beroperasional yang menyiratkan mekanisme pengolahan tertentu, seperti pengolahan biologis (aerobik, anaerobik, kombinasi) dan klorinasi, dapat berkontribusi dalam proliferasi ARG. Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi signifikan secara statistik (p-value < 0.05) dengan arah positif antara mangan (Mn) vs. ARG (qacE∆1_3 > aph3-ib > ereA), seng (Zn) vs. ARG (aph3-ib > vanA > ereA > blaSHV11 > intl3 > qnrS2), serta MGE (intl3) vs. ARG (ereA > vanA > aph3-ib > blaSHV11 > qacE∆1_3 > qnrS2). Maka, korelasi tersebut menandakan intl3 memiliki potensial tinggi sebagai fasilitator HGT. Logam berat juga mungkin menginduksi HGT dan/atau menyeleksi dengan antibiotik secara bersamaan terhadap ARB. Maka, penemuan penelitian ini menyorotkan pentingnya diadakannya pemantauan AMR di berbagai sistem air limbah, khususnya black water.

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The DKI Jakarta Province generally relies on septic tanks in residential areas and tenement wastewater treatment plants in certain areas as on-site feces disposal sites along with discharging their effluent water into drainage channels, but research on their AMR element removal performance is still limited. Tenement WWTPs as one of the on-site feces treatment systems create conditions that are conducive to the acquisition of resistance between hosts via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) based on the abundance of nutrients, the abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGE) which facilitate HGT, treatment processes, heavy metal content as selective pressure, and other variables. Thus, this research was conducted to analyze the prevalence of ARG and MGE using the High-Throughput Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (HT-qPCR) method, the level of reduction or increase in ARG and MGE, as well as the relationship between heavy metals and MGE and ARG in tenement WWTPs. A total of 8 of the 65 target genes were still detected in all final unit samples (n = 8). One of them was crAss56 which indicated that tenement WWTP effluent water is a potential source of downstream AMR dissemination. Tenement WWTPs did not show a consistent ability to reduce the absolute abundance of 16S rRNA, MGE, ARG genes, in fact one of them (ST4) amplified all of these genes. It can be seen that the pattern of ARG abundance is different between tenement WWTP indicated to be abandoned and those that are operational, which implies that certain treatment mechanisms, such as biological treatment (aerobic, anaerobic, combined) and chlorination, can contribute to the proliferation of ARGs. Spearman correlation analysis showed a statistically significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) in the positive direction between manganese (Mn) vs. ARGs (qacE∆1_3 > aph3-ib > ereA), zinc (Zn) vs. ARGs (aph3-ib > vanA > ereA > blaSHV11 > intl3 > qnrS2), as well as MGEs (intl3) vs. ARGs (ereA > vanA > aph3-ib > blaSHV11 > qacE∆1_3 > qnrS2). Therefore, this correlation indicates that intl3 has high potential as a facilitator of HGT. Heavy metals may also induce HGT and/or co-select against ARBs with antibiotics. Thus, the findings of this study highlight the importance of monitoring AMR in various wastewater systems, especially black water."

"Pengolahan limbah air merupakan tantangan besar yang dihadapi oleh Indonesia, terutama dengan meningkatnya aktivitas industri dan urbanisasi. Limbah air yang tidak diolah dengan baik dapat mengandung polutan berbahaya yang merusak ekosistem dan mengancam kesehatan manusia. Salah satu metode yang efektif untuk mengatasi masalah pengolahan air adalah metode hybrid ozonation-coagulation. Metode ini dapat mengatasi keterbatasan koagulan dalam mengendapkan senyawa hidrofilik, mengurangi jumlah lumpur yang dihasilkan dan meningkatkan jumlah radikal hidroksil yang terbentuk oleh ozon. Pada penelitian ini, sampel air limbah berasal dari Danau Kenanga Universitas Indonesia sebagai salah sumber daya air yang tersedia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja penyisihan metode hybrid ozonation coagulation dengan variasi pH dan dosis koagulan terhadap kadar logam besi, kadar logam mangan, kekeruhan, dan total koliform. Variasi pH awal sampel limbah adalah pH 6, 7, dan 8 sedangkan dosis koagulan yang digunakan adalah 100 ppm, 200 ppm, dan 300 ppm. Pada metode hybrid ozonation coagulation dengan variasi terbaik yaitu pH 8 dan dosis koagulan 100 ppm, persentase penyisihan kadar logam besi, kadar logam mangan, kekeruhan, dan total koliform secara berurutan adalah 100%, 11%, 99%, dan 100%.

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Wastewater treatment is a major challenge faced by Indonesia, especially with increasing industrial activities and urbanization. Wastewater that is not treated properly can contain harmful pollutants that damage ecosystems and threaten human health. One of the effective methods to overcome water treatment problems is  the hybrid ozonation-coagulation method. This method can overcome the limitations of coagulants in precipitating hydrophilic compounds, reduce the amount of sludge produced and increase the number of hydroxyl radicals formed by ozone. In this study, wastewater samples came from Lake Kenanga of the University of Indonesia as one of the available water resources. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the hybrid ozonation coagulation  method with variations in pH and coagulant dosage on ferrous metal content, manganese metal content, turbidity, and total coliform. The initial pH variation of the waste sample was pH 6, 7, and 8 while the coagulant doses used were 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. In the hybrid ozonation coagulation method  with the best variation, namely pH 8 and coagulant dose of 100 ppm, the percentage of allowance for ferrous metal content, manganese metal content, turbidity, and total coliform were 100%, 11%, 99%, and 100%, respectively."

"Penyakit menular di Indonesia masih menjadi masalah. Sampai dengan tahun 2009 Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kasus DBD tertinggi di asia tenggara. Indonesia juga merupakan daerah endemis Malaria. Faktor lingkungan merupakan penyebab terbesar dari kejadian penyakit tersebut. Kejadian penyakit di sekolah akibat lingkungan cukup tinggi, berdasarkan SP3 (sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan puskesmas) di Purwakarta, penderita ISPA di sekolah sebanyak 1406 siswa. Pada tahun 2004 di Indonesia terjadi 152 KLB makanan, pada 2005 terjadi 184 KLB keracunan makanan. Di kabupaten Tangerang, pada 159 SD tercatat 37,1 % makanan mengandung E.coli. Diketahui bahwa 93,1% kondisi pengelolaan sampahnya tidak memenuhi syarat, 75,5% SAB tidak memenuhi syarat dan 86,2 % pengelolaan limbahnya buruk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat sarana sanitasi dasar pada sekolah-sekolah di Kota Tembilahan Kab. Indragiri Hilir. Provinsi Riau. Desain penelitian dengan menggunakan Deskriptif Operasional berdasarkan data primer yang di dapat melalui observasi dengan instrumen checklist. Variabel yang di amati meliputi; sarana air bersih, pengelolaan sampah, pengelolaan tinja dan saluran pembuangan air limbah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sarana sarana air bersih di SD kota Tembilahan sudah cukup baik, tetapi kualitas air bersig masih buruk. Pengelolaan sampah sudah baik hanya pelaksanaan yang masih kurang baik. Sarana pembuangan tinja cukup baik, namun tidak semua sekolah memiliki sarana pendukungnya seperti westafel dan septictank, kondisi jamban juga kotor. Sarana saluran pembuangan air limbah sangat buruk.

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Infecting disease in Indonesia had been crucial problem until 2009. Indonesia has the highest rate in DHF cases inthe South East Asia and becomes endemic place for Malaria. Enviroment factor is the greatest cause for that disease, especially in many schools in Indonesia. Based onthe result SP3 (?sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan puskesmas?) at Purwakarta, Acute Respiratory Infection patients as much as 1406 patients. On 2004 in Indonesia, Outbreak incident by food poisoning is 152 incident, on 2005 incident by food poisoning is 184 incident. In 159 Elementary Schools of Tangerang District, 37,1% have positif E.coli. Known 93,1% Conditions of waste management is not eligible, 75,5% clean water services is not eligible and 86,2% waste water management were bad.

The study is aiming ti figure out the basic sanitation services is many Elementary School in Indonesia District Indragiri Hilir, Province Riau. This study used operational descriptive based on primary data trough observation by using checklist instrument. Variables that had been observed are clean water services, trash managent, feces management, waste outer-mains.

The study shows that clean water services in many schools in Tembilahan are rather good, yet the problem comes from the quality of the clean water. The trash management is systenatically good but the implementation needs an improvement ; the feces management is also good but the problem comes from the latrine condition which is bad. And the water outer-mains is bad. In other words, the implementation is still far from the expectation."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang posisipenerimaan pesan remaja terhadap pesan sanitasi yang diterima dalam SosialisasiSanitasi Publik yang dilaksanakan di Cimahi dan Yogyakarta. Penelitian inidilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep teori penerimaan pesan Encoding-Decoding oleh Stuart Hall, dengan teori pendukung Theory of Planned Behavioroleh Icek Ajzen dan Human-Processing Information. Penelitian dilakukan denganpendekatan kualitatif. Latar belakang penelitian adalah pentingnya peran remajayang dengan kemampuan kognitifnya mampu menerima pesan sanitasi sehinggadalam kondisi masyarakat yang minim kesadaran sanitasi dapat berperan dalammenyebarkan pentingnya pesan dalam masyarakat yang sebagian besar hidupdalam lingkungan yang kotor dan mengalami banyak penyakit terkait dengankebersihan lingkungan, seperti diare dan lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa posisi narasumber remaja pada umumnya dominant-hegemonic, dan adapula yang negotiated. Posisi penerimaan pesan sanitasi remaja tersebut ditentukanoleh pengalaman hidupnya. Posisi penerimaan pesan didukung dengan penelitianmelalui Theory of Planned Behavior melalui analisis human informationprocessing untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang membentuk intensi remaja terhadappesan sanitasi, yaitu attitude toward behavior yang positif, adanya subjectivenorms, dan juga kontrol perilaku atau faktor-faktor yang mendorong ataupenghambat penerimaan pesan remaja. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui humaninformationprocessing.

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ABSTRACTThe research has been conducted to get a description on the adolescents?audience reception positions on sanitation public diplomacy campaign in Cimahiand Yogyakarta. The research used the audience reception theory ? particularlythe encoding-decoding theory developed by Stuart Hall, supported by other theoryfrom Icek Ajzen called Theory of Planned Behavior and human processinginformation. The research is conducted using a qualitative approach. Thebackground of the research is that with their cognitive development adolescencecan receive complex message and can play an important role to spread sanitationmessage among the society, even though most of them are living under poorsanitation condition which causes several diseases, such as diarrhea. The researchshown that most of the adolescence informants have chosen a dominanthegemonicposition, and one of them has a negotiated position. The positions issupported by a research using the Theory of Planned Behavior through humaninformation processing to look for factors which create adolescence?s intention tosanitation message, which include positive attitude toward behavior, subjectivenorms, and perceived behavior control or factors which encourage or impedeadolescence?s reception on the message. The reseach has been conducted usinghuman information processing.;The research has been conducted to get a description on the adolescents?audience reception positions on sanitation public diplomacy campaign in Cimahiand Yogyakarta. The research used the audience reception theory ? particularlythe encoding-decoding theory developed by Stuart Hall, supported by other theoryfrom Icek Ajzen called Theory of Planned Behavior and human processinginformation. The research is conducted using a qualitative approach. Thebackground of the research is that with their cognitive development adolescencecan receive complex message and can play an important role to spread sanitationmessage among the society, even though most of them are living under poorsanitation condition which causes several diseases, such as diarrhea. The researchshown that most of the adolescence informants have chosen a dominanthegemonicposition, and one of them has a negotiated position. The positions issupported by a research using the Theory of Planned Behavior through humaninformation processing to look for factors which create adolescence?s intention tosanitation message, which include positive attitude toward behavior, subjectivenorms, and perceived behavior control or factors which encourage or impedeadolescence?s reception on the message. The reseach has been conducted usinghuman information processing., The research has been conducted to get a description on the adolescents‘audience reception positions on sanitation public diplomacy campaign in Cimahiand Yogyakarta. The research used the audience reception theory – particularlythe encoding-decoding theory developed by Stuart Hall, supported by other theoryfrom Icek Ajzen called Theory of Planned Behavior and human processinginformation. The research is conducted using a qualitative approach. Thebackground of the research is that with their cognitive development adolescencecan receive complex message and can play an important role to spread sanitationmessage among the society, even though most of them are living under poorsanitation condition which causes several diseases, such as diarrhea. The researchshown that most of the adolescence informants have chosen a dominanthegemonicposition, and one of them has a negotiated position. The positions issupported by a research using the Theory of Planned Behavior through humaninformation processing to look for factors which create adolescence‘s intention tosanitation message, which include positive attitude toward behavior, subjectivenorms, and perceived behavior control or factors which encourage or impedeadolescence‘s reception on the message. The reseach has been conducted usinghuman information processing.]"

"Kampung kota (urban kampung) merupakan permukiman di tengah kota dengan komunitas yang memperlihatkan karakteristik 'rentan' dan adaptif secara bersamaan. Rentannya eksistensi kampung kota bersumber dari tekanan internal maupun eksternal yaitu (1) keterbatasan komunitas dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari seperti kelangkaan air bersih dan ketersediaan fasilitas sanitasi serta (2) ancaman yang timbul secara tiba-tiba dari luar komunitas seperti penggusuran, relokasi, dan bencana seperti kebakaran. Namun rentannya keberadaan kampung kota diperkuat dengan adaptasi yang dilakukan secara komunal sebagai bentuk respon penduduk kampung terhadap tekanan yang ada. Penelitian ini membahas tentang adaptasi spasial penduduk kampung kota sebagai respon terhadap tekanan dalam aspek pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari yaitu penyediaan air bersih dan fasilitas sanitasi. Metode kualitatif yang digunakan dalam kajian ini terdiri dari observasi lapangan terhadap adaptasi spasial komunitas, serta wawancara dengan penduduk lokal untuk mendapatkan pemahaman lebih mendalam mengenai adaptasi yang dilakukan dari sudut pandang mereka. Kajian ini menggunakan panduan Resilience Assessment untuk mempelajari kerentanan, adaptasi, serta resiliensi kampung kota. Panduan ini mencakup model siklus adaptif untuk mempelajari perubahan yang terjadi dalam kampung kota, terdiri empat fase yaitu: eksploitasi, konservasi, pelepasan, dan reorganisasi. Fase pada siklus adaptif mencakup tantangan jangka pendek (kebakaran dan penggusuran) dan jangka panjang (penyediaan air bersih dan fasilitas sanitasi) yang dihadapi kampung kota dalam kesehariannya. Kapasitas adaptif yang dimiliki kampung kota memperlihatkan potensi adanya resiliensi komunitas yang dapat dikembangkan dan diterapkan pada kehidupan kota dengan skala lebih besar.

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Urban kampung is an urban settlement with a community that indicates the characteristics of “vulnerability” and adaptability at the same time. The vulnerabilities of their existence rely from internal and external pressures which consists of (1) chronic stresses which are community’s limitations of their daily needs fulfillment such as water scarcity and sanitation facilities, and (2) acute shocks which are sudden threats that emerges from outside the community such as eviction, relocation, and disasters (arson). Simultaneously their vulnerabilities is strengthened by communal adaptations as a respond of kampung residents towards these internal and external pressures/ threats. This paper discusses spatial adaptations done by residents of Kampung Muka, North Jakarta as a respond to clean water provision and sanitation facilities as their basic daily needs. Qualitative methods consist of site observation of community spatial adaptation along with interview with the locals to gain a deeper understanding about the adaptation from their perspectives are used to investigate the community. We employ Resilience Assessment as a guiding tool to study vulnerabilities, adaptations, and resilience of urban kampung. This guide incorporates adaptive cycle model to study how the system changes over time, following a pattern of four phases: exploitation, conservation, release and reorganization. These phases incorporates both long-term (relocation and arson) and short-term challenges (provision of clean water and sanitation facilities) faced by kampung residents on their daily basis from historical and current point of view. Adaptive capacity shown in urban kampung indicates potential resilience in their community which can be developed and implemented in a larger urban scale."

"Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Akibat Pajanan Benzo a pyrene Pada Proses Pengasapan Ikan (Kajian Dampak Benzo[a]pyrene Pada Pekerja Industry Ikan Asap Di Bandarharjo, Semarang"

"ABSTRAKKontaminasi terhadap sumber air minum dan air bersih dapat diakibatkan oleh kebiasaan buang air besar sembarangan. Pencapaian program STBM pilar 1 stop buang air besar sembarangan di Kabupaten Ciamis saat ini adalah 33 desa dari target 185 desa. Kelurahan Ciamis termasuk pada kelurahan yang belum mampu mewujudkan status kelurahan yang bebas buang air besar sembarangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan perilaku buang air besar di Kelurahan Ciamis dengan variabel independen faktor predisposisi umur, tingkat pendidikan, kondisi sosial ekonomi, pengetahuan dan sikap , faktor pemungkin akses air bersih, kepemilikan jamban dan jarak rumah ke sungai dan faktor penguat peran keluarga, tokoh agama/masyarakat dan aparat desda serta petugas kesehatandan variabel dependen adalah perilaku buang air besar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional, analisa bivariat menggunakan uji chi square dan analisa multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Sampel berjumlah 100 dipilih secara acak. Hasil analisa univariat menunjukkan 59 responden beperilaku buang air besar sembarangan sedangkan 41 respoinden tidak berperilaku buang air besar sembarangan, analisa bivariat menunjukkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan perilaku buang air besar adalah sikap p 0,018, OR 3,02 , kepemilikan jamban p 0,045 OR 2,56 , jaran rumah ke sungai p 0,023 OR 2,81 peran keluarga p 0,043 OR 2,55 dan peran petugas kesehatan p 0,04 OR 2,553 . Analisa multivariat menunjukkan sikap merupakan fator paling dominan p 0,008 dan OR 4,06 . Diperlukan adanya upaya untuk lebih mengoptimalkan penerapan strategi STBM terutama dalam penerbitan regulasi tentang perilaku buang air besar dalam bentuk peraturan daerah, pelaksanaan pemicuan dan peningkatan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan

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ABSTRACTContamination of drinking water and clean water sources can be caused by habitual defecation. Achievement of the pillar STBM program 1 stop defecating indiscriminately in Kabupaten Ciamis currently is 33 villages from the target of 185 villages. Kelurahan Ciamis including the village that has not been able to realize the status of urban village free of defecation. This study aims to determine the determinants of defecation behavior in Kelurahan Ciamis with independent variables of predisposing factors age, educational level, socioeconomic condition, knowledge and attitude , enabling factors access to clean water, latrine ownership and distance to the river and strengthening factor family role, religious community figure and apparatus of decree and health officer and dependent variable is defecation behavior.This research is quantitative research with cross sectional design, bivariate analysis using chi square test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression Sample amount is 100 randomly selected.The results of univariate analysis showed 59 respondents beperilaku defecate whereas 41 respoinden not behave defecate carelessly, bivariate analysis shows the variables associated with defecation behavior is the attitude p 0.018, OR 3.02 , the ownership of latrines p 0,045 OR 2,56 , prison n to the river p 0.023 OR 2.81 family roles p 0.043 OR 2.55 and the role of health care workers p 0.04 OR 2,553 . Multivariate analysis shows that attitude is the most dominant fator p 0.008 and OR 4.06 . Efforts are needed to further optimize the implementation of the STBM strategy, especially in the issuance of regulations on defecation behavior in the form of local regulations, the implementation of triggers and capacity building of health personnel. "