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"Hak interpelasi merupakan salah satu hak yang dapat digunakan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dalam melaksanakan fungsi pengawasan yang dimilikinya berdasarkan konstitusi. Mekanisme pelaksanaannya telah diatur dalam undang- undang dan aturan pelaksananya yaitu tata tertib. Pelaksanaannya pun sudah dilakukan beberapa kali sejak Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945 diamandemen, walaupun hanya sedikit di antaranya yang benar-benar digunakan atau disetujui untuk digunakan dalam rapat paripurna DPR. Dalam penggunaan hak interpelasi, beberapa kali terjadi perbedaan penafsiran antar sesama anggota Dewan terhadap ketentuan yang mengaturnya yang disebabkan adanya pertentangan antara undang-undang dan peraturan tata tertib DPR sebagai peraturan pelaksana dari undang-undang dimaksud. Untuk itu diperlukan metode penafsiran sesuai dengan doktrin untuk dapat menjelaskan pengertian tersebut, sehingga dapat menciptakan kepastian hukum dalam menerapkan hak interpelasi.

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AbstractThe right of interpellation is a right that can be used by The House of Representatives in carrying out its oversight function by the constitution. Implementation mechanisms are set in statute and the rules implementing the order. Implementation were already done several times since the Constitution of 1945 was amended, although only a few are actually used or approved for use in the plenary session of Parliament. In the use of interpellation, some times there is a difference of interpretation among fellow members of the Board of the provisions that govern them are caused by the contradiction between the law and disciplinary rules of the House of Representatives as the regulations implementing the law in question. It required a method of interpretation in accordance with the doctrine to be able to explain the sense, so as to create legal certainty in applying the right of interpellation."

"Amandemen terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 telah mengubah banyak hal. Hal yang amat jelas terlihat terkait kekuasaan Presiden dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dalam bidang legislasi.  Pasal 5 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar sebelum amandemen menyatakan bahwa Presiden memegang kekuasaan membentuk undang-undang dengan persetujuan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat sementara setelah amandemen Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 telah berganti menjadi Presiden berhak mengajukan rancangan undang-undang kepada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat. Selain itu pada Pasal 20 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Sebelum Amandemen juga mengalami perubahan yakni yang sebelumnya menyatakan tiap-tiap undang-undang menghendaki persetujuan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat berubah menjadi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat memegang kekuasaan membentuk undang-undang. Hal ini menunjukan kekuasaan Presiden setelah perubahan UUD Tahun 1945 di bidang legislasi mengalami pengurangan secara signifikan. Ini memperlihatkan perubahan aturan yang berkenaan dengan kekuasaan Presiden oleh semua kalangan dianggap telah terjadi pergeseran dari executive heavy ke arah legislative heavy. Pasal 20 ayat (2) menyatakan setiap rancangan undang-undang dibahas oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Presiden untuk mendapat persetujuan bersama dan tercapainya checks and balances system dalam bidang legislasi pada Undang-Undang Dasar setelah amandemen. Walaupun telah tercapai nya prinsip checks and balances setelah amandemen UUD 1945, nyatanya pada prakteknya terdapat perselisihan/konflik yang terjadi antara Presiden dan DPR dalam bidang legislasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain analisis deskriptif. Permasalahan ini ditinjau dari perbandingan hukum dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan penulisan bersifat deskriptif.

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Checs and Balances Mechanism of the President and the House of Representatives in Indonesia in the Function of Legislation Based on the 1945 Constitution Before and After the Amendment Amendments to the 1945 Constitution have changed many things. This is very clearly seen related to the power of the President and the House of Representatives in the field of legislation. Article 5 paragraph (1) of the Constitution before the amendment states that the President holds the power to form laws with the approval of the temporary House of Representatives after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution has changed to the President has the right to submit draft laws to the House of Representatives. In addition, Article 20 paragraph 1 of the Constitution Before the Amendment also underwent changes, namely that previously stated that each law required the approval of the House of Representatives to change to the House of Representatives holding the power to form laws. This shows that the power of the President after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution in the field of legislation has decreased significantly. This shows that changes in the rules relating to the power of the President by all groups are considered to have occurred a shift from executive heavy to legislative heavy. Article 20 paragraph (2) states that each draft law is discussed by the House of Representatives and the President for mutual approval and the achievement of a checks and balances system in the field of legislation in the Constitution after the amendment. Although the principle of checks and balances has been achieved after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, in practice there are disputes/conflicts between the President and the DPR in the field of legislation. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive analysis design. This problem is viewed from a legal comparison with normative juridical research methods and descriptive writing."

"Skripsi ini membahas kedudukan dan fungsi DPR serta perbandingannya dengan DPD dan Presiden, dalam pembentukan undang-undang menurut UUD 1945. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yuridis-normatif menggunakan studi kepustakaan eksploratoris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi legislasi Presiden berdasarkan pasal 5 ayat (1) UUD 1945, sedangkan dalam lembaga perwakilan Indonesia yang memiliki fungsi legislasi dalam membentuk rancangan undang-undang adalah DPR dan DPD berdasarkan Pasal 20 ayat (1) dan Pasal 22D UUD 1945; perbandingan fungsi legislasi antara keduanya adalah dalam hal kewenangan, DPD dalam fungsi legislasinya hanyalah sebagai acuan, yang perannya dalam merancang suatu undang-undang tidak dapat mengawal proses terjadinya maupun menolak suatu undang-undang. Sistem pemerintahan dalam perspektif fungsi legislasi di Indonesia tidak menganut sistem bikameral dimana ada dua kamar yang memiliki kewenangan yang sama dalam hal legislasi.

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The focus of this study is the status and function of the House of Representatives in the establishment of the law according to the Constitution. The purpose of this study is to compare between the House of Representatives, the House of Regional Representatives (the Senate) and the President in respective of their legislative functions. This research is a juridical normative-legal research using the explanatory library studies. The results showed that President’s legislative functions under Article 5 paragraph (1), whereas the representative institutions in Indonesia which has the function of legislation in the form of the Bill, are the House of Representatives and the House of Regional Representatives (the Senate) based on Article 20 paragraph (1) and Article 22D of the Constitution; comparison of legislative function between both Houses is in terms of their authority."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai implementasi sistem pertahanan rakyat semesta dalam peraturan perundang-undangan pasca amandemen Pasal 30 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Pengaturan mengenai keikutseraan warga negara pasca amandemen pasal 30 Undang-undang Dasar 1945 terdapat dalam Undang-undang No.3 tahun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara, Peraturan Presiden No.7 tahun 2008 tentang Kebijakan Umum Pertahanan Negara, dan Buku Putih Pertahanan Indonesa. Prinsip hak asasi manusia yang terkait dengan keikutsertaan warga negara dalam sistem pertahanan terdapat dalam Kovenan Hak-hak Sipil dan Politik. Melalui penelusuran terhadap peraturan-peraturan tersebut dapat dikatuhui bahwa konsep keikutsertaan warga negara dalam sistem pertahanan rakyat semesta pasca amandemen hanya berkutat pada tataran wacana yang bersifat umum tidak dapat diwujudkan dalam praktik sehingga prinsip-prinsip hak asasi manusia belum diterapkan secara maksimal.This thesis talk's about the implementation of Indonesia's total people defence system in Laws and regulation after the amandement of Article 30 Undang- Undang Dasar 1945 (The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia). The Regulation about the implementation of Indonesia's total people defence system in Laws and regulation after the amandement of Article 30 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia) can be found in Undang-undang No.3 tahun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara (State Defense Law), Peraturan Presiden No.7 tahun 2008 tentang Kebijakan Umum Pertahanan Negara, and Buku Putih Pertahanan Indonesa (Indonesia's Defense White Book). Human rights principles which are related into implementation of Indonesia's total people defence system in Laws and regulation after the amandement of Article 30 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia) can be found in International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. This research result The rights of citizen to participate in Indonesia Total People Defense System are generally concept in Indonesia Law and cannot be used for practical purpose, therefore this conditions make human rights principles has not been implemented in a best way."