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"The effect of rice husk ash produced at different grinding times on the engineering properties of concrete was studied. Eight rice husk ashes representing different grinding times were used in this investigation. Rice husk ash (RHA) was used to partially replace Port land cement Type I at 15% by weight of cementitious material. The compressive strength of concrete was designed to achieve grade 40 N/mm2 at 28 days. A superplasticizer was added to all mixes to provide
workability in the range of 110-120 mm. However, the water to cement ratio (w/c) of the concrete was maintained at 0.49. Based on the results, the morphology of the rice husk ashes was changed by grinding. Optimum grinding time appeared to be approximately 90 minutes, during which time the compressive strength increased significantly. Generally, incorporation of RHA at various grinding times can dramatically decrease or increase the engineering properties of concrete. "
[Fakultas Teknik UI, Universiti Sains Malaysia. School of Civil Engineering], 2011
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Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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P. J. Ramadhansyah
"The effect of rice husk ash produced at different grinding times on the engineering properties of concrete was studied. Eight rice husk ashes representing different grinding times were used in this investigation. Rice husk ash (RHA) was used to partially replace Portland cement Type I at 15% by weight of cementitious material. The compressive strength of concrete was designed to achieve grade 40 N/mm2 at 28 days. A super plasticizer was added to all mixes to provide workability in the range of 110-120 mm. However, the water to cement ratio (w/c) of the concrete was maintained at 0.49. Based on the results, the morphology of the rice husk ashes was changed by grinding. Optimum grinding time appeared to be approximately 90 minutes, during which time the compressive strength increased significantly. Generally, incorporation of RHA at various grinding times can dramatically decrease or increase the engineering properties of concrete."
Depok: Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, 2011
UI-IJTECH 2:1 (2011)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Andi Muhammad Wahid Bukhari
"Skripsi ini membahas tentang penggunaan Abu Sekam Padi (RHA) sebagai bahan subtitusi perekat semen dan penggunaan Limbah Adukan Beton (CSW) sebagai agregat halus untuk mengurangi penggunaan jumlah pasir pada beton. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat mix design dari beton normal fc’ 25 MPa dan dikembangkan pada lima variasi campuran dengan jumlah CSW 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% dan 70% dengan penggunaan RHA tetap yaitu 8% dari total pemakaian semen. Sifat mekanis beton yang diuji meliputi: kuat tarik lentur, kuat tarik belah, kuat geser dan susut. Pengujian dilakukan pada umur 28, 56 dan 90 hari terhadap lima benda uji pada setiap umur pengujian. Pada pengujian kuat tarik lentur, kuat tarik belah dan kuat geser nilai optimum terjadi pada campuran dengan jumlah CSW 30%, sedangkan prosentase susut terbesar terjadi pada beton dengan campuran CSW 70%. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan beton dengan campuran RHA dan CSW dapat diaplikasikan untuk perkerasan jalan

The focus of the study is observing the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a subtitute of portland cement and Concrete Sludge Waste (CSW) to reduce of sand in concrete. Refers to the mix design of normal concrete fc’ 25 MPa the mechanical properties tested in five variations with a percentage of CSW 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and using fixed number 8% of RHA. The concrete were tested in flexural tensile strength, split tensile strength, shear strength and shrinkage at the age of 28,56 and 90 days for five specimens at each age of test. From the testing of flexural tensile strength, split tensile strength and shear strength obtained an optimum number of CSW 30%. And the largest percentage of shrinkage occurred in CSW 70%. From the result has been obtained, the concrete with RHA and CSW could be applied to the road pavement."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Imam Muhid
"Skripsi ini membahas tentang penggunaan Abu Sekam Padi (RHA) sebagai bahan subtitusi perekat semen dan penggunaan Limbah Adukan Beton (CSW) sebagai agregat halus untuk mengurangi penggunaan jumlah pasir pada beton. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat mix design dari beton normal fc? 35 MPa dan dikembangkan pada lima variasi campuran dengan jumlah CSW 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% dan 70% dengan penggunaan RHA tetap yaitu 8% dari total pemakaian semen. Sifat mekanis beton yang diuji meliputi: kuat tarik lentur, kuat tarik belah, kuat geser dan susut.
Pengujian dilakukan pada umur 28, 56 dan 90 hari terhadap lima benda uji pada setiap umur pengujian. Pada pengujian kuat tarik lentur, kuat tarik belah dan kuat geser nilai optimum terjadi pada campuran dengan jumlah CSW 30%, sedangkan prosentase susut terbesar terjadi pada beton dengan campuran CSW 70%. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan beton dengan campuran RHA dan CSW dapat diaplikasikan untuk perkerasan jalan.

The focus of the study is observing the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a subtitute of portland cement and Concrete Sludge Waste (CSW) to reduce of sand in concrete. Refers to the mix design of normal concrete fc? 35 MPa the mechanical properties tested in five variations with a percentage of CSW 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and using fixed number 8% of RHA.
The concrete were tested in flexural tensile strength, split tensile strength, shear strength and shrinkage at the age of 28,56 and 90 days for five specimens at each age of test. From the testing of flexural tensile strength, split tensile strength and shear strength obtained an optimum number of CSW 30%. And the largest percentage of shrinkage occurred in CSW 70%. From the result has been obtained, the concrete with RHA and CSW could be applied to the road pavement.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S43333
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Wahyu Dwi Cahyadi
"Skripsi ini membahas tentang penggunaan Abu Sekam Padi (RHA) sebagai bahan substitusi perekat semen dan penggunaan Limbah Adukan Beton (CSW) sebagai agregat halus untuk mengurangi penggunaan jumlah pasir pada beton. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat mix design dari beton normal fc' 25 MPa dan dikembangkan pada lima variasi campuran dengan jumlah CSW 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% dan 70% dengan penggunaan RHA tetap yaitu 8% dai total pemakaian semen. Sifat mekanis beton yang diuji meliputi: kuat tekan, modulus elastisitas, densitas, permeabilitas.
Pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan pada umur 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 dan 90 hari terhadap lima benda uji pada setiap umur pengujian. Pada pengujian kuat tekan dan modulus elastisitas nilai optimum terjadi pada campuran dengan jumlah CSW 30%, sedangkan prosentase susut terbesar terjadi pada beton dengan campuran CSW 70%. Dari penelitia ini diharapkan beton dengan campuran RHA dan CSW menghasilkan mutu sesuai yang direncanakan dan dapat diaplikasikan untuk produk paving blok.

The focus of the study is observing the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a substitute of portland cement and Concrete Sludge Waste (CSW) to reduce of sand in concrete.Refers to the mix design of normal concrete fc' 25 MPa the mechanical properties tested in five variations with a percentage of CSW 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and using fixed number 8% of RHA.
The concrete were tested compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, density, and permeability at the age of 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 90 days for five specimens at each age of test. From the testing of compressive strength, modulus of elasticity obtained an optimum number of CSW 30%. And teh largest percentage of shrinkage occured in CSW 70%. From the result has been obtained, the concrete with RHA and CSW produce quality as planned and can be applied to block paving products, could be applied to the road pavement.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S42086
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Marchin Alfredo
"Penggunaan beton sebagai bahan konstruksi bangunan di Indonesia semakin meningkat, khususnya pada industri beton siap pakai (Ready Mix Concrete). Salah satu masalah yang timbul dalam industri beton siap pakai, adalah mengumpulkan dan membuang sisa beton yang dihasilkan dari pencucian truk pengaduk beton setelah memproduksi dan mengirimkan campuran beton ke lokasi konstruksi. Atas dasar hal tersebut, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sifat fisik dan mekanis dari beton yang mengandung limbah adukan beton siap pakai (Concrete Sludge Waste) atau disebut juga CSW yang juga ditmbahkan dengan abu sekam padi (Rice Husk Ash) atau disebut juga RHA.
Fungsi RHA dan CSW adalah sebagai bahan pengganti sebagian dari semen dan agregat halus. Sifat fisik dan mekanis yang akan diuji yaitu meliputi kuat tekan beton, modulus elastisitas dengan PUNDIT, permeabilitas, dan densitas. Berdasarkan dari hasil pengujian didapat kuat tekan yang optimum yaitu pada komposisi campuran 92% semen, 8% RHA, 70% pasir, dan 30% CSW sebesar 32,12 MPa pada umur 28 hari. Demikian juga pada pengujian karateristik beton keras lainnya seperti modulus elastisitas menggunakan PUNDIT didapat sebesar 32.133,33 MPa, penetrasi pada pengujian permeabilitas sebesar 19,67 mm, dan untuk densitas sebesar 2,056 g/cm3. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut menurut SNI untuk beton non struktural, dapat digunakan seperti paving blok, kanstin, pelataran parkir dan beton non struktural lainnya.

Using of concrete as construction materials in Indonesia is increasing, especially in ready mix concrete industry (Ready Mix Concrete). One of the problems that arise in the ready mix concrete industry, is to collect and dispose of the rest resulting from washing concrete mixer truck concrete after the concrete mix, produce and deliver to construction sites. On the basis of this, the purpose of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of concrete containing waste slurry ready mix concrete (Concrete Sludge Waste) or collectively, CSW is also ditmbahkan with rice husk ash (Rice Husk Ash) or also known as RHA.
RHA and CSW function is as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate. Physical and mechanical properties to be tested that include concrete compressive strength, modulus of elasticity with the Pundit, permeability, and density. Based on test results obtained from the optimum compressive strength is the composition of the mixture of 92% cement, 8% RHA, 70% sand and 30% CSW of 32.12 MPa at 28 days. Similarly, the test characteristics of concrete such as modulus of elasticity of the other hard to come by using a Pundit 32133.33 MPa, penetration testing on the permeability of 19.67 mm, and for the density of 2.056 g/cm3. From the results of such testing according to SNI for non-structural concrete, can be used as paving blocks, canstine, parking lot and other non-structural concrete.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S42331
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sheba Bilqis
"Penelitian tentang penggunaan Rice Husk Ash (RHA) sebagai substitusi perekat semen hidrolis jenis PCC dengan campuran Concrete Sludge Waste (CSW) sebagai substitusi pasir sebagai campuran mortar telah dilakukan dilaboratorium untuk menguji sifat mekanik mortar dengan total benda uji sebanyak 250 buah. Mortar yang di uji dibedakan menjadi 5 variasi yang meliputi kuat tekan sebanyak 175 buah yang diuji sesuai standar ASTM C 579-01sehingga dalam pengujian ini didapat kuat tekan optimum sebesar 20.09 Mpa; Pengujian kerapatan (density) sebanyak 25 buah yang diuji sesuai standar ASTM C 905-01dengan nilai density rata-rata sebesar 1.626 gr/cm3 ;Pengujian absorpsi sebanyak 25 benda uji sesuai standar ASTM C 1403-00 dengan nilai absorpsi rata-rata pada umur 24 jam sebesar 138 gr/cm2 ; Pengujian susut sebanyak 25 benda uji sesuai standar ASTM C531-00 dengan nilai susut rata-rata sebesar 0.1466% dari total panjang benda uji. Dengan nilai kuat tekan sebesar 20.09 MPa dengan komposisi 92% semen, 8% RHA, 50% Pasir, 50% CSW, diharapkan dapat diaplikasikan dalam pembuatan bata beton (paving blok) kelas pedestrian.

Research about using of waste materials called rice husk ash (RHA) as a substitute of adhesive hydraulic cement type of PCC mixed with concrete sludge waste (CSW) as a substitute of sand for mixed cement mortars have been done on laboratory. The mechanical properties tested in the laboratory with 250 samples of total samples. Comprising 175 samples for testing of the compressive strength refer to ASTM C 579-01 the result from this test is 20.09 Mpa, 25 sample for testing of density refer to ASTM C 905-01and the average result from this test is 1.626 gr/cm3, 25 samples for testing of absorption refer to ASTM C 1403-00 01and the average result from this test until 24 hours is 138 gr/cm2 , and 25 samples for testing of length change refer to ASTM C 531-00 01and the average result from this test is 0.1466% total length. The optimum compressive strength is 20.09 MPa, with composition cement, Aggregate 1:3, consist of 92% cement 8% RHA as an adhesive materials and 50% Sand, 50% CSW hoped can be applied in the manufacture of concrete bricks (paving blocks) for pedestrian class."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S1495
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Moh. Azhar
"[ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian pembuatan beton ringan atau lightweight
concrete (LWC) menggunakan batu apug (BA) dan abu sekam padi (ASP).
Sampel beton ringan yang dibuat mengandung BA dengan fraksi berbeda, adapun
material semen, pasir, dan abu sekam padi volumenya dijaga tetap. Terdapat dua
parameter utama yang menentukan sifat mekanik sampel LWC masing-masing
adalah densitas sampel dan rasio air/semen (w/c). Sifat mekanik yang paling
utama dari LWC adalah kekuatan tekan. Pada campuran dengan fraksi volume
batu apung terbesar (100%) menghasilkan densitas dan kekuatan tekan paling
rendah masing-masing sebesar (1389,6 kg/m3 dan 11,1 MPa). Diketahui bahwa
makin rendah fraksi batu apung dalam sampel beton makin tinggi nilai densitas
dan kekuatan tekannya, disebabkan oleh tingginya nilai fraksi pori baik pori
terbuka maupun pori tertutup dalam sampel beton. Observasi terhadap fotomikro
SEM batu apung menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sejumlah besar pori dengan bentuk
memanjang ke bagian dalam dari permukaan sampel beton. Pori hadir dengan
kerapatan jumlah pori relatif besar serta dengan ukuran yang bervariasi. Fakta ini
menjelaskan mengapa batu apung besifat ringan karena memiliki densitas massa
yang rendah. Pola difraksi sinar X sampel beton ringan memperlihatkan dominasi
fasa kristalin diidentifikasi sebagai fasa quartz (SiO2). Namun dapat dipastikan
sampel beton ringan terdiri dari fasa campuran antara fasa kristalin dan dengan
sedikit fasa amorph.
Fotomikro SEM beton ringan menunjukkan bahwa senyawa Kalsium Silikat
Hidrat (CSH) mulai tumbuh pada waktu awal proses hidrasi dan terus
berkembang sampai umur beton mencapai umur hidrasi 28 hari yang ditandai
dengan sifat fisik yang padat dan peningkatan kekuatan beton. Dapat dipastikan
bahwa senyawa CSH ini memiliki peranan penting terhadap pengaturan sifat
mekanik seperti kekuatan tekan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa batu apung
dan abu sekam padi adalah material berbasis silika amorph yang memiliki densitas
lebih rendah terutama dibandingkan dengan material pembentuk beton lainnya.
Baik densitas dan kekuatan tekan sampel beton ringan ditentukan oleh rasio antara
batu apung dan abu sekam padi. Ditemukan rasio terkecil BA/ASP yaitu 8
menghasilkan nilai densitas dan kekuatan tekan optimal, masing-masing pada usia
beton 28 hari sebesar 1891 kg/m3 dan 23 MPa. Komposisi beton ringan yang
terbaik diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini adalah komposisi campuran PCC (1,00) :
Pasir (1,00) : ASP (0,05) : BA (0,50) dengan nilai Slump 8 cm ditandai oleh nilai
rasio antara kuat tekan dan densitas tertinggi adalah 1285.;

ABSTRACT
Research studies on the manufacture of lightweight concrete (LWC) using
pumice and rice husk ash (RHA) materials have been done. LWC samples were
made of pumice materials with a different mass fraction, while the cement, sand,
and rice husk ash materials were keep fixed. It was found that there are two main
parameters that determine the mechanical properties of LWC which are density
and the water and cement ratio (w/c ratio). The main mechanical properties of
LWC sample is the power press. Samples with the largest volume fraction of
pumice (100%) resulted in lightest density (1389.6 kg/m3) and the smallest
strength of LWC (11.1 MPa). It was found that, the lower the mass fraction of
pumice in LWC samples, the higher the density values and compressive strength
were obtained. This was caused by the high mas fraction value of pores, which
were both open and closed pores. Scanning electron micorscopy (SEM) images
for the pumice showed that the there are a large number of regular and structured
pores extending deep inside the surface of the sample. It was observed that pores
present with pore size does not vary significantly but with the density of the
relatively large number of pores, indicating pumice has a low mass density. The
XRD pattern of the lightweight concrete samples indicated that the samples were
dominated by crystalline phases in which the quartz (SiO2) is the main phase and
a small fraction of amorphous phase was also obtained.
SEM images of lightweight concrete samples showed that the structure of
Calcium Silicate Hydrates (CSH) started growing at the beginning of hydration
time and continue to evolve into a more solid structure until the age of 28 days,
where the compound has an important role to the mechanical properties such as
compressive strength. The study concluded that the pumice and rice husk ash is
are amorphous silica-based material which has a lower density compared to other
concrete forming material such as cement and sands. Both density and light
weight concrete compressive strength are determined by the ratio between pumice
and rice husk ash, in which the smallest ratio 8 resulted in the largest density and
compressive strength, which are 1890.5 kg/m3 and 23.2 MPa respectively at the
age of 28 days. The study concluded that the best composition for lightweight
concrete samples was the following: PCC (1,00): Sand (1,00): ASP (0,05): BA
(0,50) with a slump value of 8 cm resulted in the largest value of a ratio between
compressive strength and density of 1285.;Research studies on the manufacture of lightweight concrete (LWC) using
pumice and rice husk ash (RHA) materials have been done. LWC samples were
made of pumice materials with a different mass fraction, while the cement, sand,
and rice husk ash materials were keep fixed. It was found that there are two main
parameters that determine the mechanical properties of LWC which are density
and the water and cement ratio (w/c ratio). The main mechanical properties of
LWC sample is the power press. Samples with the largest volume fraction of
pumice (100%) resulted in lightest density (1389.6 kg/m3) and the smallest
strength of LWC (11.1 MPa). It was found that, the lower the mass fraction of
pumice in LWC samples, the higher the density values and compressive strength
were obtained. This was caused by the high mas fraction value of pores, which
were both open and closed pores. Scanning electron micorscopy (SEM) images
for the pumice showed that the there are a large number of regular and structured
pores extending deep inside the surface of the sample. It was observed that pores
present with pore size does not vary significantly but with the density of the
relatively large number of pores, indicating pumice has a low mass density. The
XRD pattern of the lightweight concrete samples indicated that the samples were
dominated by crystalline phases in which the quartz (SiO2) is the main phase and
a small fraction of amorphous phase was also obtained.
SEM images of lightweight concrete samples showed that the structure of
Calcium Silicate Hydrates (CSH) started growing at the beginning of hydration
time and continue to evolve into a more solid structure until the age of 28 days,
where the compound has an important role to the mechanical properties such as
compressive strength. The study concluded that the pumice and rice husk ash is
are amorphous silica-based material which has a lower density compared to other
concrete forming material such as cement and sands. Both density and light
weight concrete compressive strength are determined by the ratio between pumice
and rice husk ash, in which the smallest ratio 8 resulted in the largest density and
compressive strength, which are 1890.5 kg/m3 and 23.2 MPa respectively at the
age of 28 days. The study concluded that the best composition for lightweight
concrete samples was the following: PCC (1,00): Sand (1,00): ASP (0,05): BA
(0,50) with a slump value of 8 cm resulted in the largest value of a ratio between
compressive strength and density of 1285., Research studies on the manufacture of lightweight concrete (LWC) using
pumice and rice husk ash (RHA) materials have been done. LWC samples were
made of pumice materials with a different mass fraction, while the cement, sand,
and rice husk ash materials were keep fixed. It was found that there are two main
parameters that determine the mechanical properties of LWC which are density
and the water and cement ratio (w/c ratio). The main mechanical properties of
LWC sample is the power press. Samples with the largest volume fraction of
pumice (100%) resulted in lightest density (1389.6 kg/m3) and the smallest
strength of LWC (11.1 MPa). It was found that, the lower the mass fraction of
pumice in LWC samples, the higher the density values and compressive strength
were obtained. This was caused by the high mas fraction value of pores, which
were both open and closed pores. Scanning electron micorscopy (SEM) images
for the pumice showed that the there are a large number of regular and structured
pores extending deep inside the surface of the sample. It was observed that pores
present with pore size does not vary significantly but with the density of the
relatively large number of pores, indicating pumice has a low mass density. The
XRD pattern of the lightweight concrete samples indicated that the samples were
dominated by crystalline phases in which the quartz (SiO2) is the main phase and
a small fraction of amorphous phase was also obtained.
SEM images of lightweight concrete samples showed that the structure of
Calcium Silicate Hydrates (CSH) started growing at the beginning of hydration
time and continue to evolve into a more solid structure until the age of 28 days,
where the compound has an important role to the mechanical properties such as
compressive strength. The study concluded that the pumice and rice husk ash is
are amorphous silica-based material which has a lower density compared to other
concrete forming material such as cement and sands. Both density and light
weight concrete compressive strength are determined by the ratio between pumice
and rice husk ash, in which the smallest ratio 8 resulted in the largest density and
compressive strength, which are 1890.5 kg/m3 and 23.2 MPa respectively at the
age of 28 days. The study concluded that the best composition for lightweight
concrete samples was the following: PCC (1,00): Sand (1,00): ASP (0,05): BA
(0,50) with a slump value of 8 cm resulted in the largest value of a ratio between
compressive strength and density of 1285.]"
2015
D2054
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Farah Dini Sofyani
"Penelitian ini membahas tentang penggunaan Abu Sekam Padi (RHA) sebagai bahan subtitusi perekat semen dan penggunaan Limbah Adukan Beton (CSW) sebagai agregat halus untuk mengurangi penggunaan jumlah pasir pada beton. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat mortar dengan lima variasi campuran dengan jumlah CSW 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% dan 70% dengan penggunaan RHA tetap yaitu 8% dari total pemakaian semen. Sifat mekanis beton yang diuji meliputi: kuat tekan, densitas atau kerapatan, absorbsi atau penyerapan air dan uji susut. Pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan pada umur 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 dan 90 hari. Untuk pengujian densitas dan absorbsi dilakukan pada umur 28 hari. Sedangkan untuk pengujian susut dilakukan pada umur 1-28 hari secara terus-menerus. Pada pengujian-pengujian yang sudah dilakukan, nilai optimum terjadi pada campuran dengan jumlah CSW 30%, karena memiliki nilai kuat tekan dan densitas paling tinggi, serta penyerapan air dan penyusutan yang paling rendah. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan mortar dengan campuran RHA dan CSW dapat diaplikasikan untuk pembuatan bahan konstruksi ramah lingkungan.

The focus of this study is observing the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a subtitute of portland cement and Concrete Sludge Waste (CSW) to reduce of sand in concrete. Five compotitions are made in this study with precentages of CSW are 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% and fixed amount 8% of RHA. The concrete were tested in compressive strength test at the age of 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 90 days. Density test and absorption test at the age of 28 days. And Shrinkage test at the age of 1-28 days. From the result of those tests obtained an optimum number of CSW 30% because has the biggest compressive strength and density, thelowestabsorption and percentage of shrinkage. From the result has been obtained, the concrete with RHA and CSW could be applied to building material."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S57865
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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