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"The rapid ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the orderly election of its judges and prosecutor believe the radical nature of the new institution. Indonesia is one of countries that rejected the International Criminal Court (ICC) Statute. Indonesia?s reason at that time was that Indonesian sovereignty would be threatened or its national security would be compromise. Interestingly, some of the crimes within the Rome Statute jurisdiction (Article 5 of the Rome Statute) had been adopted by Indonesia in its domestic law such as the Law No. 26 year 2000 concerning Human Rights Court. Jurisdiction of the Law No. 26 year 2000 is and genocide and crimes against humanity. The Law No. 26 year 2000 also adopts the idea of Ad hoc tribunal that is possible to apply ex post facto justice. Finally, it plays important role in order to protect Indonesian interest and to fulfill international community point of views."

"As first step to discuss "element of crimes" of Crimes Against Humaninty, the writer explain the concept of gross violation on human rights. This article focus on the normative and conceptual development of Crimes against Humanity:., its element of crime and its application. Furthrmore the discussion is focus on sexual crime, as mention in article 7 (g) the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court: rape, sexuality slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexuality violence of comparable gravity or as mention in article 9 (g) UU no. 26/2000 about Human Rights Courts. The lack of attention toward gender based violence issue in the Indonesia law literature is one of the reason why the writer is writing about this issue"

"ABSTRAKTulisan ini berangkat dari hasil penelitian tentang adanya dugaan pelanggaran hakasasi manusia terkait penerapan Qanun Jinayat hukum pidana di Aceh yang telahberlangsung sejak tahun 2012 dan telah diformalkan sejak tahun 2014. Tesis inimenganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kegagalan jejaring advokasitransnasional yang dilakukan oleh NGO lokal, nasional dan internasional untukmenghapus praktik Qanun Jinayat di Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakanpendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka serta wawancara dan observasilangsung di Banda Aceh dan Sabang. Analisis kajian tesis ini menggunakan konsepTAN; pola bumerang oleh Keck dan Sikkink 1998 . Berdasarkan kerangkaanalisis TAN, ada empat strategi yang diterapkan dalam kasus ini, yaitu strategipolitik informasi, strategi politik simbolis, strategi politik pengaruh, dan strategipolitik akuntabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa strategistrategitersebut tidak efektif dalam kasus ini karena terhambat oleh berbagai faktorseperti kompleksitas hukum Indonesia, perbedaan tujuan akhir antar elemenelemenTAN, serta ketiadaan tokoh representatif yang menjadi ikon pada isu ini.Akibatnya, meskipun pola advokasi transnasional telah nampak di Aceh,keberadaan jejaring transnasional tersebut tidak berhasil mengadvokasikan prinsipHAM universal untuk menghapuskan praktik Qanun Jinayat. Jadi kesimpulan tesisini telah memberi kontribusi pada debat universalisme dan partikularisme bahwakekuatan faktor lokal mempengaruhi hasil akhir dari sebuah advokasi

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ABSTRACTThis thesis explores the allegation of human rights violation regarding theimplementation of Islamic Criminal Law Qanun Jinayat in Aceh which has beenstarted in 2004 and formalized in 2014. This thesis analyzes the factors behind thefailure of transnational advocacy network done by local, national, and internationalNGOs in order to abolish the practices of Qanun Jinayat in Aceh. This qualitativeresearch combines literature research and field observation in Banda Aceh andSabang. Analysis in this research thesis is based on the concept of TAN boomerang pattern by Keck and Sikkink 1998 . According to the framework ofanalysis, there are four strategies in an advocacy, namely information politics,symbolic politics, leverage politics, and accountability politics. It is found that suchstrategies are ineffective due to multiple problems such as complexity ofIndonesian law, difference in final objective of the elements of TAN, and lack oficonic representative figure as the front of the advocacy. In all, it can be concludedthat although the pattern of transnational advocacy has emerged in Aceh, presenceof such transnational network has not successfully advocated against thelegalization of Qanun Jinayat. In conclusion, this thesis has contributed to thedebate between universalism and particlularism that local factors may affect thefinal outcome of an advocacy."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang kewenangan Dewan Keamanan PBB dalam menjatuhkan sanksi terhadap individu berdasarkan Bab VII Piagam PBB dan prinsip pertanggungjawaban individu yang diakui oleh hukum internasional. Kemudian, dalam perkembangannya, penerapan sanksi tersebut telah berdampak pada hak-hak individu yang dijamin dalam berbagai instrumen hukum internasional mengenai HAM. Sanksi larangan perjalanan dan pembekuan aset yang diterapkan terhadap individu-individu oleh negara-negara anggota PBB berdasarkan mandat Dewan Keamanan PBB dalam Piagam PBB telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran atas ketiadaan jaminan bahwa hak-hak individu yang dimiliki oleh individu yang dijatuhkan sanksi tersebut tidak dilanggar oleh Dewan Keamanan PBB. Contoh kasus adalah sanksi terhadap Qadhafi.

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This thesis emphasize the authority of UN Security Council on sanctioning individuals in regards to Chapter VII UN Charter and the individual responsibility principle that was recognized by international law. Hence, the application of individual sanctions has affected to individual rights which is guaranteed by international law instrument regarding human rights. Travel ban and asset freeze that is applied towards individuals by UN members in regards to UN Security Council mandate on the UN Charter has caused the absence of warranties that the individual rights has not been violated by the UN Security Council. Case in point, sanctioning to Qadhafi."

"Peradilan koneksitas merupakan prosedur beracara yang aturan dasarnya tercantum pada Pasal 89 s.d. 94 KUHAP jo. Pasal 198 s.d. 203 UU Peradilan Militer. Berdasarkan aturan dasar tersebut diketahui bahwa dalam mengadili perkara pidana koneksitas haruslah diadili bersama-sama di pengadilan di bawah badan peradilan umum atau badan peradilan militer. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai bentuk pelaksanaannya pada masa kini yang mana dalam mengadili perkara pidana koneksitas para penegak hukum memilih untuk memisahkan berkas perkara (Splitsing) yang akibatnya para terdakwa diperiksa dan diadili di pengadilan sesuai yurisdiksi yang berlaku pada masing-masing terdakwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif serta dengan melakukan wawancara pada narasumber. Adapun pertanyaan penelitian dalam topik ini ialah bagaimana penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama oleh anggota masyarakat sipil dan anggota militer serta bagaimana kewenangan pengadilan Tipikor dalam mengadili tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh anggota militer. Hasil dari penelitian ini, menyimpulkan bahwa dalam mengadili perkara koneksitas dilakukan secara terpisah (Splitsing) untuk menjamin kesederhanaan, cepat dalam proses persidangan serta menjamin kepastian hukum. Serta menegaskan bahwa Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi tidak memiliki kewenangan mengadili tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh anggota militer.

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Connectivity trial is a procedural procedure whose basic rules are contained in Articles 89 to 94 of the Criminal Procedure Code jo. Articles 198 to 203 of the Military Court Law. Based on these basic rules, it is known that in adjudicating criminal cases, the connection must be tried together in courts under the general judiciary or military courts. This thesis will discuss the current form of implementation which in adjudicating criminal cases of connectivity, law enforcers choose to separate the case files (Splitting) which results in the defendants being examined and tried in courts according to the jurisdiction that applies to each defendant. This study uses a normative juridical method as well as by conducting interviews with informants. The research questions in this topic are how to resolve cases of criminal acts of corruption carried out jointly by members of civil society and members of the military and how the authority of the Corruption Court in adjudicating corruption crimes committed by members of the military. The results of this study conclude that in adjudicating connectivity cases, they are carried out separately (Splitting) to ensure simplicity, speed in the trial process and guarantee legal certainty and emphasize that the Corruption Court does not have the authority to adjudicate corruption crimes committed by members of the military."

"Summary:A legal and historical analysis of the first modern attempts to prosecute national leaders for embarking upon aggressive war"

"Diskursus mengenai keterkaitan hak asasi manusia dengan dampak perubahan iklim mulai berkembang dan menjadi sorotan internasional seiring munculnya dampak terhadap manusia yang tidak pernah terjadi atau dirasakan sebelumnya. Dampak-dampak yang timbul dari perubahan iklim dianggap akan menghambat perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia seperti hak hidup, hak atas kesehatan, dan hak atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat. Perkembangan diskusi mengenai perubahan iklim dan kaitannya dengan hak asasi manusia juga ditunjukkan melalui penggunaan argumen hak asasi manusia dalam praktik-praktik litigasi perubahan iklim—yang merupakan respons kegagalan atau ketidaklayakan kebijakan suatu negara dalam menghadapi ancaman perubahan iklim. Litigasi perubahan iklim berbasis hak asasi manusia kemudian menjadi salah satu alat yang paling banyak digunakan dan paling efisien dalam meminta negara melakukan upaya mitigasi dan adaptasi yang serius guna menjamin perlindungan hak asasi manusia dari dampak perubahan iklim. Berbagai putusan pengadilan yang mengadili gugatan litigasi perubahan iklim berbasis hak asasi manusia telah merumuskan kewajiban-kewajiban negara untuk melindungi hak asasi manusia dari ancaman perubahan iklim yang kemudian mereformasi kebijakan mitigasi dan adaptasi negara yang bersangkutan.  Argumen hak asasi manusia pun menjadi strategi yang relevan bagi Indonesia untuk mendorong upaya mitigasi dan adaptasi yang serius sebab Indonesia termasuk dalam negara yang rentan berhadapan dengan dampak perubahan iklim. Di sisi lain, pengaturan dan jaminan mengenai hak atas lingkungan hidup di Indonesia cukup komprehensif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini hendak melihat tanggungjawab negara atas perlindungan hak asasi manusia dari dampak perubahan iklim, mekanisme yang dapat digunakan untuk meminta pertanggungjawaban negara atas perlindungan dari dampak perubahan iklim, dan bagaimana argumen hak asasi manusia relevan digunakan dalam mekanisme tersebut.

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The discourse on the relationship between human rights and climate change impacts began to develop and became an international spotlight as the unprecedented impacts on human emerged. The impacts arising from climate change are considered to intervene with the protection and enjoyment of human rights such as the right to life, the right to health, and the right to a good and healthy environment. The development of the discussion on climate change and its relation to human rights is also shown by the use of human rights arguments in climate change litigation practices—which is a response to the failure or inadequacy of a country's climate policies. Human rights-based climate change litigation hitherto has become one of the most widely used and most efficient tools in demanding countries to undertake serious mitigation and adaptation efforts to ensure the protection of human rights from climate change impacts. Various court decisions adjudicating human rights-based climate change litigations have formulated state obligations to protect human rights from the threat of climate change which in turn reformed the country's mitigation and adaptation policies. The human rights argument has also become a relevant strategy for Indonesia to encourage serious mitigation and adaptation efforts as Indonesia is one of the countries that is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. On the other hand, the constitution and other relevant laws also guarantee the right to the environment in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to look at the state's obligations to protect human rights from the impacts of climate change, the mechanisms that can be used to hold the state accountable for the protection from climate change impacts, and how relevant human rights arguments are used in these mechanisms. "