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"Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggungjawabnya mendasarkan pada Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 37 Tahun 1998 tentang Peratuan Jabatan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah. Untuk menjamin kepastian hukum terhadap pelaksanaan jabatan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah berkaitan dengan hak dan kewajiban ingkar serta untuk melindungi kepentingan umum perlu adanya peraturan lebih lanjut yang mengatur mengenai hal tersebut di atas. Penelitian ini permasalahannya mengenai tidak adanya peraturan yang mengatur secara hukum positif mengenai hak dan kewajiban ingkar dan mengkaji pelaksanaan kewajiban dan hak ingkar PPAT akibat dari adanya ketentuan mengenai kewajiban dan hak Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah untuk menjaga rahasia jabatan dalam menjalankan jabatannya sebagai pejabat umum, serta untuk mengetahui akibat hukum bagi Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah yang membuka rahasia jabatannya dalam proses peradilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku serta teori-teori hukum yang ada, kemudian dilengkapi dengan wawancara dari narasumber yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini disajikan secara deskriptif. Disimpulkan bahwa PPAT sebagai pejabat umum memiliki hak dan kewajiban ingkar terkait rahasia jabatannya terhadap akta yang dibuatnya, sehingga dapat membeaskan PPAT dari kewajiban sebagai saksi/memberikan kesaksian di muka pengadilan, atau membebaskan PPAT dari segala tuntutan hukum dari piha/pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan apabila menurut ketentuan hukum ia diwajibkan memberikan kesaksian.

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Land Deed Making Officer (PPAT) in carrying out their duties and responsibilities based on Government Regulation Number 24 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 concerning the Rule of Position of Land Deed Making Officials. To ensure legal certainty regarding the implementation of the position of the Land Deed Officer relating to denial rights and obligations and to protect the public interest there needs to be further regulations governing the above. This research is a problem regarding the absence of positive legal regulations regarding denying rights and obligations and reviewing the implementation of PPAT's obligations and denial due to the provisions regarding the obligations and rights of Land Deed Officials to maintain the secret of office in carrying out their positions as public officials, and to know the legal consequences for the Land Deed Making Officer who discloses the secret of his position in the judicial process. This research is a normative juridical research, namely research conducted by examining the prevailing laws and regulations as well as existing legal theories, then supplemented by interviews from relevant sources. The results of this study are presented descriptively. It was concluded that PPAT as a public official has infidelity rights and obligations related to the secret of his position to the deed he made, so he can issue PPAT from the obligation as a witness/testify before the court, or release PPAT from all lawsuits from the parties/interested parties if according to legal provisions he is obliged to give a testimony."

"The regulations regarding the Restoration of Cultural Heritage were established from the restriction of its removal. The main treaty providing the norm to restore the removed Cultural Heritage from the State of origin is 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. Through this convention, State, as a subject in international law, was given a set of Rights and Obligations to claim for its Restoration. Indonesia as a developing State has its own interest in the Restortion of Cultural Heritage after its independence, including from Netherlands. Through this thesis, the author analyses the practice in the case of the Restoration from Netherlands to Indonesia, Indonesian Law No. 11 of 2010 on Cultural Heritage, and the urgency of Indonesia to become a State party to 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property.

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Ketentuan mengenai Pengembalian Benda Cagar Budaya muncul dari ketentuan pelarangan pemindahan atasnya. Perjanjian Internasional yang terutama dalam mengatur Pengembalian Benda Cagar Budaya kepada Negara asal adalah 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. Dalam konvensi tersebut Negara sebagai subyek hukum internasional yang diberikan seperangkat Hak dan Kewajiban untuk mengajukan klaim Pengembalian. Indonesia sebagai Negara berkembang memiliki kepentingan Pengembalian Benda Cagar Budaya dari Negara-Negara maju pasca kemerdekaan, salah satunya dari Belanda. Penulisan ini melakukan analisis terhadap praktik Pengembalian yang selama ini telah dilakukan oleh Belanda ke Indonesia, UU Cagar Budaya No. 11 Tahun 2010, dan kepentingan Indonesia menjadi Negara peserta Konvensi 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property."

"Kebutuhan akan pinjaman luar negeri hingga kini masih dibutuhkan oleh bangsa ini, salah satunya adalah untuk mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur. Mengingat pengalaman buruk Indonesia dalam manajerial dan pengawasan terhadap dilakukannya pinjaman luar negeri pada krisis moneter 1998, maka Bank Indonesia dan pemerintah mengeluarkan berbagai regulasi untuk mengatur kewajibankewajiban yang harus dilakukan debitur dalam melakukan pinjaman luar negeri. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui pengaturan-pengaturan terkait kewajibandebitur pinjaman luar negeri dan bagaimana implementasi yang dilakukan debitur swasta di Indonesia. Maka dari itu, Bank Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Lalu Lintas Devisa dan Sistem Nilai Tukar mengeluarkan PBI Nomor 12/24/PBI/2010 Tahun 2010 tentang Kewajiban Pelaporan Utang Luar Negeri, PBI Nomor 18/4/PBI/2016 Tahun 2016 tentang Penerapan Prinsip Kehati-Hatian dalam Pengelolaan Utang Luar Negeri Korporasi, dan PBI 21/2PBI/2019 Tahun 2019 tentang Pelaporan Kegiatan Lalu Lintas Devisa. Hal ini telah diimplementasikan oleh 90% korporasi di Indonesia. Untuk menjawab hal-hal tersebut, tulisan ini dibuat dengan pendekatan penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian akan diolah secara kualitatif berdasarkan studi kepustakaandengan alat pengumpulan data berupa data sekunder yang didukung olehwawancara dengan narasumber terkait.The need of foreign debt for this nation is inevitable, which one of the need is to support development and construction. Considering Indonesia's bad experience in managerial of foreign debt during the 1998 monetary crisis, Bank Indonesia and the government have to make various regulations regarding the obligations that must be done by borrower in conducting foreign debt. This study aims to determine the arrangements related to the obligations of foreign borrowers and how the implementation of private debtors in Indonesia. Therefore, pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Act and Exchange Rate System, Bank Indonesia issued PBI Number 12/24/PBI/2010 concerning Obligations for Foreign Debt Reporting, PBI Number 18/4/PBI/2016 2016 concerning Application of Prudential Principles in Managing Corporate Foreign Debt, and PBI 21/2PBI/2019 2019 concerning Reporting onForeign Exchange Flows. This has been implemented by 90% of corporations in Indonesia. To answer these things, this writing is done yuridical-normative approach with descriptive research type. The research is processed qualitatively based on literature study with secondary data followed by topic-related interview as the data collection tools."

"Kebutuhan akan pinjaman luar negeri hingga kini masih dibutuhkan oleh bangsa ini, salah satunya adalah untuk mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur. Mengingat pengalaman buruk Indonesia dalam manajerial dan pengawasan terhadap dilakukannya pinjaman luar negeri pada krisis moneter 1998, maka Bank Indonesia dan pemerintah mengeluarkan berbagai regulasi untuk mengatur kewajibankewajiban yang harus dilakukan debitur dalam melakukan pinjaman luar negeri. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui pengaturan-pengaturan terkait kewajiban debitur pinjaman luar negeri dan bagaimana implementasi yang dilakukan debitur swasta di Indonesia. Maka dari itu, Bank Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Lalu Lintas Devisa dan Sistem Nilai Tukar mengeluarkan PBI Nomor 12/24/PBI/2010 Tahun 2010 tentang Kewajiban Pelaporan Utang Luar Negeri, PBI Nomor 18/4/PBI/2016 Tahun 2016 tentang Penerapan Prinsip Kehati-Hatian dalam Pengelolaan Utang Luar Negeri Korporasi, dan PBI 21/2PBI/2019 Tahun 2019 tentang Pelaporan Kegiatan Lalu Lintas Devisa. Hal ini telah diimplementasikan oleh 90% korporasi di Indonesia. Untuk menjawab hal-hal tersebut, tulisan ini dibuat dengan pendekatan penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian akan diolah secara kualitatif berdasarkan studi kepustakaan dengan alat pengumpulan data berupa data sekunder yang didukung oleh wawancara dengan narasumber terkait.

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The need of foreign debt for this nation is inevitable, which one of the need is to support development and construction. Considering Indonesia's bad experience in managerial of foreign debt during the 1998 monetary crisis, Bank Indonesia and the government have to make various regulations regarding the obligations that must be done by borrower in conducting foreign debt. This study aims to determine the arrangements related to the obligations of foreign borrowers and how the implementation of private debtors in Indonesia. Therefore, pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Act and Exchange Rate System, Bank Indonesia issued PBI Number 12/24/PBI/2010 concerning Obligations for Foreign Debt Reporting, PBI Number 18/4/PBI/2016 2016 concerning Application of Prudential Principles in Managing Corporate Foreign Debt, and PBI 21/2PBI/2019 2019 concerning Reporting on Foreign Exchange Flows. This has been implemented by 90% of corporations in Indonesia. To answer these things, this writing is done yuridical-normative approach with descriptive research type. The research is processed qualitatively based on literature study with secondary data followed by topic-related interview as the data collection tools."

"Summary "Do States, through their military forces, have legal obligations under human rights treaties towards the local civilian population during UN-mandated peace operations? It is frequently claimed that it is unrealistic to require compliance with human rights treaties in peace operations and this has led to an unwillingness to hold States accountable for human rights violations. In this book, Kjetil Larsen criticises this position by addressing the arguments against the applicability of human rights treaties and demonstrating that compliance with the treaties is unrealistic only if one takes an 'all or nothing' approach to them. He outlines a coherent and more flexible approach which distinguishes clearly between positive and negative obligations and makes treaty compliance more realistic. His proposals for the application of human rights treaties would also strengthen the legal framework for human rights protection in peace operations without posing any unrealistic obligations on the military forces"-- Provided by publisher.Contents Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction and overview; 2. The emerging relevance of human rights law in UN-mandated peace operations; 3. The other side of the coin: the alleged inappropriateness of applying human rights treaties in UN-mandated peace operations; 4. The argument of non-applicability ratione personae; 5. The argument of non-applicability ratione loci; 6. The applicability of human rights law during armed conflicts; 7. Derogations; 8. Norm conflicts between UN Security Council mandates and human rights treaties; 9. Legal challenges relating to the interrelationship between troop contributing states; 10. Selected issues relating to the application of substantive provisions; 11. Conclusions."

"Do States, through their military forces, have legal obligations under human rights treaties towards the local civilian population during UN-mandated peace operations? It is frequently claimed that it is unrealistic to require compliance with human rights treaties in peace operations and this has led to an unwillingness to hold States accountable for human rights violations. In this book, Kjetil Larsen criticises this position by addressing the arguments against the applicability of human rights treaties and demonstrating that compliance with the treaties is unrealistic only if one takes an 'all or nothing' approach to them. He outlines a coherent and more flexible approach which distinguishes clearly between positive and negative obligations and makes treaty compliance more realistic. His proposals for the application of human rights treaties would also strengthen the legal framework for human rights protection in peace operations without posing any unrealistic obligations on the military forces"-- Provided by publisher"