Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This book contains the opinion of Karl Marx's economic critique. Describes the surplus value, profits, commodities, and capital. The book is provided with a name index, an index of authorities and a subject index. "

"[Pemanfaatan radikal sulfat pada proses oksidasi lanjut belum banyak digunakan untukk mendegradasi limbah cair. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan degradasi limbah amonia sintetik dengan proses oksidasi lanjut memanfaatkan radikal sulfat. Radikal sulfat ini disinyalir dapat mendegradasi amonia lebih efisien dibandingkan radikal hidroksil karena bekerja dengan 3 prinsip kerja yakni transfer elektron, pemutusan ikatan rangkap C, dan abstraksi hydrogen. Radikal sulfat didapatkan dari ion persulfat hasil ionisasi K2S2O8 kemudian radikal sulfat diaktifkan dengan menggunakan panas dari heater dengan memvariasikan suhu sebesar 27oC, 50oC dan 70oC. Limbah amonia sintetik dibuat dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi awal amonia sebesar 10 mg/L, 25 mg/L, dan 50 mg/L dan tingkat keasaman (pH) juga divariasikan pada pH 4,7,dan 10 untuk merepresentasikan keadaan asam, netral dan basa limbah amonia sintetik untuk melihat apakah amonia dapat terdegradasi lebih baik dalam bentuk ion atau radikal. Kadar amonia akhir setelah proses oksidasi diukur dengan menggunakan amoniameter dengan prinsip colorimetri. Didapatkan hasil degradasi amonia yang paling baik adalah 22,7% dengan kondisi optimum suhu 50oC, pH 10, dan konsentrasi awal amonia sebesar 10 mg/L., Degradation Technologies using Advanced Oxidation Process with sulfate radical has not been widely developed yet. This research will bring this technology to degrade sintetic amonia waste. Sulfate Radical may reduce ammonia more efficiently than hidroxyl radical mainly with 3 pathways, there are electron transfer, cut of unsaturated bond, and hydrogen abstraction. Sulfate Radical can be got from persulfate ion from Pottasium Persulfate that ionized and activated to be sulfate radical by heat from heater. Temperature of activation becomes one of the research variabel in 27oC, 50oC and 70oC. Initial sintetic ammonia waste is varied from 10 mg/L, 25 mg/L, and 50 mg/L. Acidity is also varied in 4, 7, and 10 that present acid, neutral, and base condition to see whether the amonia will be well degraded as ionic or molecule. The end concentration of ammonia is measured with martini ammoniameter. The best result for this research is 22,7% of ammonia removal in 50oC, pH 10, and the first ammonia concentration of 10 mg/L.]"

"Polimerisasi suspensi merupakan salah satu teknik polimerisasi dispersi di mana monomer terdispersi dalam air sebagai fasa kontinyunya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis kopolimer poli[stirena-ko-(butil akrilat)] dengan teknik polimerisasi suspensi melalui metode Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). Variasi konsentrasi stabilizer poli(vinil alkohol) (PVA), inisiator etil α-bromoisobutirat (EBIB), dan komposisi monomer dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada (i) konsentrasi PVA 5% dengan viskositas 1550 mPa.s, (ii) perbandingan massa total monomer dan inisiator EBIB sebesar 211:10 dengan ukuran partikel 1,832 µm serta distribusi ukuran partikel yang monomodal, dan (iii) komposisi monomer stirena dan butil akrilat sebesar 50:50 (wt/wt%) dengan temperatur transisi gelas sebesar 12,45oC. Parameter keberhasilan terjadinya kopolimerisasi dibuktikan oleh karakterisasi FTIR, DSC, dan GPC.

---

Suspension Polymerization is one of dispersion polymerization technique which monomers are dispersed in water as continuous phase. In this study, synthesis of copolymers poly[styrene-co-(butyl acrylate)] by using suspension polymerization technique via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) was performed. Concentration of stabilizer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), initiator ethyl-α-bromoisobutyrate (EBIB), and monomers composition were varied to obtain The optimum conditions. The optimum conditions were obtained at (i) PVA concentration of 5% with viscosity of 1550 mPa.s, (ii) total mass ratio of monomer and initiator EBIB of 211:10 with particle size of 1,832 µm and monomodal particle size distribution, and (iii) composition between monomers styrene and butyl acrylate of 50:50 (wt/wt%) with transition glass temperature of 12,45oC. The success of the copolymerization was evidenced by FTIR, DSC, and GPC characterization."

"Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis polistirena melalui polimerisasi radikal terkontrol menggunakan metode Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) serta mempelajari pengaruh variasi waktu reaksi, variasi konsentrasi ligan, katalis, dan inisiator terhadap persen konversi, distribusi berat molekul, dan indeks polidispersitas. Variasi kondisi reaksi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan komposisi optimum sintesis polistirena dengan persen konversi tinggi, distribusi berat molekul sempit, dan indeks polidispersitas kecil (≈1). Polistirena telah berhasil disintesis dengan metode ATRP menggunakan ligan PMDETA, katalis CuBr, inisiator EBiB, dan pelarut sikloheksanon. Parameter keberhasilan dilihat dari persen konversi dan berbagai hasil karakterisasi seperti FTIR, GPC, dan DSC. Komposisi optimum sintesis polistirena yaitu pada konsentrasi ligan 4%, katalis 2%, dan inisiator 4% terhadap 100% mol stirena. Persen konversi polistirena pada komposisi optimum mencapai 91,4% dan diperoleh nilai indeks polidispersitas sebesar 1,17, rata-rata berat molekul 3.526 g/mol, dan suhu transisi gelas 72,42°C.

---

This research has been conducted synthesis of polystyrene through controlled radical polymerization by using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) method and also studied about the influence of variation of time reactions, variation of ligand, catalyst, and initiator concentrations toward conversion percentage, molecular weight distribution, and polydispersity index. The condition of variation reactions has been done to obtain the optimum composition of reaction thus it got polystyrene with higher conversion percentage, a narrow range of molecular weight distribution, and small index of polydispersity (≈1). Polystyrene has been successfully synthesized by ATRP method using PMDETA as ligand, CuBr as catalyst, EBiB as initiator, and cyclohexanone as solvent. The parameter of successful can be seen from the percentage of conversion and various results of characterization such as FTIR, GPC, and DSC. The optimum composition to synthesis of polystyrene where the concentration of ligand is 4%, catalyst is 2%, and initiator is 4% against 100% mol of styrene. The conversion percentage of polystyrene at the optimum composition reached 91.4% and obtained the result of polydispersity index by 1.17, the average molecular weight is 3.526 g/mol, and the glass transition temperature is 72.42°C."

"[ABSTRAKTesis ini akan membahas proyeksi dan antisipasi strategis situs-situs radikal pascakebijakan pemerintah menutup situs-situs tersebut. Situs-situs radikal adalah salahsatu instrumen yang digunakan oleh teroris dan pelaku jihad online untukmenyebarkan berita provokatif, propaganda, dan juga perencanaan aksi terror.Teori regulasi, model analisis antisipasi strategis dan proyeksi intelijen penegakanhukum dan metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan dalam melakukan proyeksi andantisipasi strategis dalam tesis ini. Penggunaan deep web, steganography, imitasispam, membentuk kafilah cyber bahkan perang psikologis terhadap pemerintahdiproyeksi akan dilakukan oleh teroris dan pelaku jihad online pada masamendatang. Antisipasi dapat dilakukan pemerintah melalui pemblokiran situs,mengkaji kembali strategi kontra narasi, sindikasi situs, pelatihan soft skillterhadap masyarakat, optimalisasi cyber army, memperkuat intelligence sharing,penggunaan software dan juga membentuk undang-undang radikalisasi online.Sebagai kesimpulan penelitian ini perkembangan situs-situs radikal akan tetapberkembang seiring perkembangan teknologi dan tren maka pemerintah danaparat keamanan harus segera mengantisipasi dan mencegah tindak radikalisasionline yang dilakukan oleh teroris maupun pelaku jihad online.

---

ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses on how to project and anticipate radical websitesstrategically following government policy on shutting them down. Radicalwebsites are one of the instruments used by terrorists and online jihadists tospread provocative news, propaganda, as well as to plan terror attacks. Regulationtheory, analysis model of strategic anticipation and projection of law intelligenceenforcement, and qualitative research method are used in projecting andanticipating in this thesis. The use of deep web, steganography, spam mimicking,establishment of cyber caliphate even a psychological warfare against thegovernment are projected to be carried out by terrorists and online jihadists in thefuture. Anticipation can be done by the government through blocking,reevaluating counter narrative strategy, websites syndication, soft skills trainingfor public, optimizing cyber army, strengthening the intelligence sharing, usingsoftware and establishing a new constitution regarding online radicalization. As aconclusion of this research, the development of radical websites will keep ondeveloping as technology and trend develop so that the government and lawenforcement have to anticipate and prevent online radicalization that have beenconducted by terrorists and online jihadists., This thesis discusses on how to project and anticipate radical websitesstrategically following government policy on shutting them down. Radicalwebsites are one of the instruments used by terrorists and online jihadists tospread provocative news, propaganda, as well as to plan terror attacks. Regulationtheory, analysis model of strategic anticipation and projection of law intelligenceenforcement, and qualitative research method are used in projecting andanticipating in this thesis. The use of deep web, steganography, spam mimicking,establishment of cyber caliphate even a psychological warfare against thegovernment are projected to be carried out by terrorists and online jihadists in thefuture. Anticipation can be done by the government through blocking,reevaluating counter narrative strategy, websites syndication, soft skills trainingfor public, optimizing cyber army, strengthening the intelligence sharing, usingsoftware and establishing a new constitution regarding online radicalization. As aconclusion of this research, the development of radical websites will keep ondeveloping as technology and trend develop so that the government and lawenforcement have to anticipate and prevent online radicalization that have beenconducted by terrorists and online jihadists.]"

"Pendahuluan. Radikal bebas adalah molekul yang memiliki properti tidak stabil dan sangat reaktif. Tubuh dapat terkena radikal bebas dari sumber eksternal maupun internal. Ketika level radikal bebas di tubuh melebihi kapasitas tubuh untukmenetralisir radikal bebas, kondisi ini disebut sebagai stress oksidatif. Antioksidan adalah molekul yang bisa memberikan elektron dari atomnya dan menetralisir radikal bebas, Syzygium aromaticum merupakan salah satu sumber antioksidan. Metode. Tes fitokimia dilakukan dengan ekstrak Syzygium aromaticum fraksi ethanol, etil asetat, dan heksana untuk mengetahui senyawa apa saja yang ada dalamekstrak Syzygium aromaticum. Untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan Syzygium aromaticum dilakukan Uji DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) yang merupakan senyawa radikal bebas, tes ini bersifat kuantitatif, hasil yang didapat berupa IC50 yang menunjukan konsentrasi antioksidan yang diperlukan untuk menginhibisi 50% dari radikal bebas yang ada. Untuk aktivitas antioksidan In Vivo, tes MDAdilakukan. Dari 5 grup tikus SD dibandingkan antara sesudah dan sebelum diberikan ekstrak (5 mg/200 gr BB, 10 mg/200 gr BB, and 20 mg/200 gr BB), vitamin C (kontrol positif), dan air (kontrol negatif). Dengan membandingkan level sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan untuk grup yang berbeda, aktifitas antioksidan dapat diketahui. Hasil. Aktifitas antioksidan In Vitro ekstrak Syzygium aromaticum dapat digolongkan sebagain antioksidan kuat karena memiliki IC50 yang kecil yaitu, 7,04 "g/mL . sedangkan aktivitas In Vivo ekstrak Syzygium aromaticum menunjukan penurunan level MDA yang signifikan di dosis 20 mg dengan penurunan 0.361 nmol/mL.Kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Syzygium aromaticum

---

Introduction. Free radicals are unstable and very reactive. The body can be exposed to free radical from exogenous or endogenous sources. If the level of free radical is higher than the body’s limit to neutralize it, the condition is called oxidative stress. Meanwhile, antioxidants are molecules that can neutralize the free radicals. Syzygium aromaticum is considered as a source of antioxidant.

Methods. Phytochemistry test is done with Syzygium aromaticum extract in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane fraction. To check the radical scavenging

property, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test is done. The result of will be IC50 which is the concentration of substance needed to inhibit 50% of the free radical. For In Vivo test, MDA test is done. There will be 5 groups of SD rats which

will have the blood taken before and after given extract of Syzygium aromaticum at different doses (5 mg/200 gr BB, 10 mg/200 gr BB, and 20 mg/200 gr BB), vitamin C (positive control), and water (negative control). By comparing the levels of MDA present in blood in before and after extract supplementation, a conclusion can be drawn. Results. Antioxidant activity of Syzygium aromaticum extract In Vitro can be classified as a strong antioxidant since the IC50 is 7,04 "g/mL. while In Vivo test shows that supplementation of Syzygium aromaticum extract reduce the level of MDA significantly at 20mg dose which cause MDA level to fell by 0,361 nmol/mL.

Conclusion. The result shows that Syzygium aromaticum has antioxidant and radical scavenging activity proven by both In Vivo and In Vitro tests."

"Artikel ini merupakan penelitian tentang childfree yang menjadi animo khusus terhadap sistem patriarki ditinjau dari pemikiran feminisme radikal libertarian yang berperan menjadi dasar teori untuk argumentasi kritis atas permasalahan yang dikaji. Childfree yang berkonotasi negatif karena ketidakpekaan masyarakat tertentu dengan persoalan perempuan childfree yang akhirnya dirugikan oleh sistem patriarki membuat para perempuan yang memilih childfree menjadi dibatasi, dihalangi, dan dirintangi hak dan pilihan hidupnya. Childfree tidak hanya menjadi masalah bagi otoritas tubuh, hak reproduksi, maupun otonomi kebebasan. Akar masalah yang lebih dalam juga muncul dari kaum perempuan lainnya, lantas fenomena childfree dipandang sebagai fenomena perempuan yang tidak berdaya. Permasalahan yang jarang disadari justru menjadi urgensi, seperti pengalaman perempuan yang memilih childfree mendapatkan situasi bermasalah. Pemberdayaan perempuan childfree membentuk diskursus baru terhadap sistem patriarki yang mengendalikan kehidupan ranah privat perempuan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kritis feminis untuk mengkritisi perdebatan childfree pada sisi pemberdayaan perempuan dan konformitas. Penelitian ini juga berdasar pada pengalaman, argumentasi, diskusi, dan kekhawatiran perempuan terhadap perdebatan childfree. Oleh karena itu, pilihan childfree harus kembali kepada perempuan yang memilih childfree tersebut dengan keputusan seorang perempuan menjadi haknya sebagai pribadi yang utuh dan memahami pemenuhan akan kebutuhannya sendiri.

---

This article is a research on childfree which is a special interest in the patriarchal system in terms of radical libertarian feminism which serves as a theoretical basis for critical argumentation on the issues studied. Childfree, which has a negative connotation due to the insensitivity of certain people to the problems of childfree women who are ultimately disadvantaged by the patriarchal system, makes women who choose childfree become restricted and obstructed by their rights and life choices. Childfree is not only a problem for body authority, reproductive rights, and freedom autonomy. The root of the deeper problem also arises from other women, then the childfree phenomenon is seen as a phenomenon of women who are powerless. Problems that are rarely realized actually become urgency, such as the experience of women who choose childfree to get problematic situations. The empowerment of childfree women forms a new discourse against the patriarchal system that controls women's private lives. This research method uses feminist critical methods to criticizethe childfree debate on the side of women's empowerment and conformity. This research is also based on women's experiences, arguments, discussions and concerns about the childfree. Therefore, the choice of childfree must return to the woman who chooses childfree with a woman's decision being her right as a whole person and understanding the fulfillment of her own needs."