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"This topical collection of chapters examines secular society and the legal protection of religion and belief across Europe, both in general and more nation-specific terms. The expectations of many that religion in modern Europe would be swept away by the powerful current of secularization have not been realised, and today few topics generate more controversy than the complex relationship between religious and secular values. The 'religious/​secular' relationship is examined in this book, which brings together scholars from different parts of Europe and beyond to provide insights into the methods by which religion and equivalent beliefs have been, and continue to be, protected in the legal systems and constitutions of European nations. The contributors' chapters reveal that the oft-tumultuous legacy of Europe's relationship with religion still resonates across a continent where legal, political and social contours have been powerfully shaped by faith and religious difference. Covering recent controversies such as the Islamic headscarf, and the presence of the crucifix in school class-rooms, this book will appeal to academics and students in law, human rights and the social sciences, as well as law and policy makers and NGOs in the field of human rights"

"Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi kekalahanRenaissance dalam pemilihan anggota Parlemen Eropa pada 2019. Pembentukan UnionEuropéenne (UE) merupakan upaya untuk menjamin terciptanya perdamaian di antaranegara-negara di Eropa khususnya pasca-Perang Dunia II. Pendirian UE berhasilmengikat seluruh anggotanya untuk tunduk dan patuh terhadap kebijakan yang sudahdiputuskan bersama. Terdapat tiga lembaga utama UE yang saling bekerja sama dalampembuatan kebijakan, yakni Komisi Eropa, Dewan UE, dan Parlemen Eropa. ParlemenEropa beranggotakan perwakilan dari setiap negara anggota. Struktur Parlemen Eropaterdiri dari seorang Presiden, Wakil Presiden dan 750 anggota. Anggota Parlemen Eropadipilih langsung oleh masyarakat Eropa setiap lima tahun sekali dengan sistemproporsional. Pada pemilihan anggota Parlemen Eropa 2019, partai yang didirikan olehEmmanuel Macron, La République En Marche ! berkoalisi dengan tiga partai lain yangmemiliki orientasi politik yang sama. Koalisi tersebut diberi nama Renaissance. Padadasarnya, penurunan tingkat popularitas Emmanuel Macron merupakan alasanmendasar terbentuknya koalisi tersebut. Renaissance memiliki program yang berfokuspada lingkungan hidup, pertahanan, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi UE. Namun,Renaissance mengalami kekalahan pada pemilihan anggota Parlemen Eropa 2019 diPrancis. Kekalahan tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh ketidaksesuaian program Renaissancedengan kondisi ekonomi dan sosial Prancis saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodesejarah dengan pendekatan politikologis.

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This article aims to explain the factors behind the defeat of Renaissance in the European

Parliament Election in 2019. The European Union was created as an effort to ensure

peace between European Countries, especially after World War II. Its establishment has

succeeded in binding all its members to obey and comply with policies that have been

jointly made. There are three main EU institutions that are working together in creating

policies; they are the European Commission, the EU Council and the European

Parliament. The European Parliament consists of representatives from each European

member country. The structure of the European Parliament consists of a President, Vice

President and 750 members. Members of the European Parliament are elected directly

by the European community every five years. In the European Parliament election in

2019, the party founded by Emmanuel Macron, La République en marche! was in

coalition with three other parties that had the same political orientation as them. This

coalition was known as "Renaissance". The declining of Emmanuel Macron's popularity

was the fundamental reason as to why this coalition happened in the first place.

Renaissance offered programs that focus on environment, national defense, and

economic growth of the EU. However despite all of that, the Renaissance suffered

defeat in the 2019 European Parliament Election. The cause of their loss was influenced

by the incompatibility of their programs with the actual economic and social conditions

of France. This research uses historical methods with a politicological approach"

"In this work, Professors Mancini and Rosenfeld have brought together an impressive group of authors to provide a comprehensive analysis on the greater demand for religions exemptions to government mandates. Traditional religious conscientious objection cases, such as refusal to salute the flag or to serve in the military during war, had a diffused effect throughout society. In sharp contrast, these authors argue that today's most notorious objections impinge on the rights of others, targeting practices like abortion, LGTBQ adoption, and same-sex marriage. The dramatic expansion of conscientious objection claims have revolutionized the battle between religious traditionalists and secular civil libertarians, raising novel political, legal, constitutional and philosophical challenges. Highlighting the intersection between conscientious objections, religious liberty, and the equality of women and sexual minorities, this volume showcases this political debate and the principal jurisprudence from different parts of the world and emphasizes the little known international social movements that compete globally to alter the debate's terms."