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"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan telah menjadi ancaman cukup serius bagi masyarakatsecara global pada dua dekade terakhir karena kontribusinya terhadap rusaknyaekosistem, peningkatan emisi karbon, penurunan keanekaragaman hayati,gangguan kesehatan, dan kerugian ekonomi. Kalimantan merupakan daerah yangrawan terhadap bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui model identifikasi burned area yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan diKalimantan dengan menggunakan citra MODIS serta mengkaji sebaran burnedarea secara spasial (spatial distribution). Identifikasi burned area dilakukandengan menggunakan indeks vegetasi (NDVI), indeks kebakaran (NBR), dannilai reflektansi dari citra MODIS. Analisis sebaran secara spasial dilakukandengan menumpangsusunkan (overlay) antara burned area dengan variabelvariabelpenutup lahan, curah hujan, elevasi, kemiringan lereng, jenis tanah, danjarak dengan permukiman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari semuamodel, model NBR memberikan tingkat akurasi paling tinggi, yaitu sebesar 0,635atau 63,5%. Luas total burned area di Kalimantan pada tahun 2011 sekitar343.290 ha. Sebaran spasial burned area di Kalimantan sebagian besar beradapada suatu wilayah yang mempunyai karakteristik; (a) curah hujan bulanankurang dari 200 mm/bulan, (b) jenis tanah Tropohemists, Tropaquepts, atauQuartzipsaments, (c) penutup lahan semak/belukar, sawah, hutan, atauladang/tegalan, (d) elevasi di bawah 100 meter dpl, (e) datar dengan kemiringan 0? 3%, dan (f) relatif dekat dengan permukiman.

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Abstract Forest and land fire has been a serious threat for global communities since twolast decades because their contribution to ecosystem damages, carbon emissionincreasing, biodiversity decreasing, healthy interfering, and also economic lost.Kalimantan is the prone area of the forest and land fire. Objectives of the researchare to find out the appropriate identification model of burned area derived fromMODIS imagery and to analyze their spatial distribution. The burned areaidentification was developed by using the variabels extracted from MODISimagery such vegetation index (NDVI), burn index (NBR), and reflectance values.Then, the spatial distribution was analyzed by using overlay methods betweenburned area and variabels of rainfall, landcover, elevation, slope, soil type and thedistances from settlements. The research concludes that among several models,the NBR model show the highest accuracy, that is 63,5 %. Total of the burnedarea in Kalimantan for 2011 was about 343,290 hectares. The burned area spatialdistribution in Kalimantan mostly located on the regions which havecharacteristics; (a) rainfall less than 200 mm/month, (b) soil type of Tropohemists,Tropaquepts, or Quartzipsaments, (c) landcover of shrublands, paddy fields,forests, or croplands, (d) elevation less than 100 metres asl, (e) flat regions withslope about 0 ? 3%, and (f) relatively near from settlements."

"Kebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan peristiwa akibat proses alam dan manusia. Kabupaten Kubu Raya, Kalimantan Barat merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang sering dilanda kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Umumnya, kebakaran hutan dan lahan di kabupaten ini disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia yang meningkatkan kepadatan penduduk dan pembukaan lahan dengan membakar lahan. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kabupaten Kubu Raya telah menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan dan ekonomi sehingga diperlukan adanya identifikasi wilayah bahaya untuk membangun sistem manajemen yang efektif guna mengendalikan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan dan mengetahui hubungan antara wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan wilayah konsesi di Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk mendapatkan bobot tiap variabel yang digunakan. Terdapat tiga kriteria yang mempengaruhi wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan yaitu topografi, meteorologi, dan aktivitas manusia yang teridiri atas delapan variabel yaitu ketinggian, lereng, aspect, suhu, curah hujan, kecepatan angin, kepadatan penduduk, dan jarak dari permukiman. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan AHP, didapatkan bobot kriteria topografi 0,11; meteorologi 0,28; dan aktivitas manusia 0,62. Wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan di kabupaten ini dibagi menjadi tiga kelas yaitu rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Setelah dilakukan analisis weighted overlay berdasarkan bobot akhir, didapatkan bahwa Kabupaten Kubu Raya didominasi oleh wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan sedang yaitu seluas 433.654,34 hektar atau 50,7% dari total wilayah kabupaten. Wilayah bahaya kebakaran terluas kedua adalah pada tingkat tinggi dengan luas 244.282,41 hektar atau 28,6% dari total luas wilayah. Wilayah bahaya kebakaran rendah memiliki 177.624,25 hektar atau 20,8% dari total luas wilayah. Sedangkan untuk bahaya sangat rendah dan sangat tinggi tidak ada di kabupaten ini. Hasil wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan divalidasi dengan titik panas tahun 2021 menggunakan kurva AUC/ROC dan didapatkan area di bawah nilai kurva ROC 0,76 yang menandakan skor model ini dalam kategori baik. Hasil uji chi-square wilayah bahaya dengan wilayah konsesi menghasilkan nilai signifikan kurang dari 0,05 dengan koefisien kontingensi 0,312 maka dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dengan wilayah konsesi.

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Forest and land fires are events that are caused by natural and human processes. Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan is one of the districts that often experience forest and land fires. Generally, forest and land fires in this district are caused by human activities that resulted in increased population density and land clearing through burning land. Forest and land fires in Kubu Raya Regency have caused environmental and economic damage, therefore it is necessary to identify the hazard areas for an effective management system to control and prevent forest and land fires. This research aims to identify fire and land fire hazard areas and determine the relationship between the hazard areas and concession areas in Kubu Raya Regency. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to obtain the weight of each variable used. There are three criteria that affect the forest and land fire hazard area: topography, meteorology, and human activities, which consist of eight variables: altitude, slope, aspect, temperature, rainfall, wind speed, population density, and distance from the settlements. Based on the AHP calculation, the final weight of the topographic criteria is 0.11; meteorology 0.28; and human activity 0.62. The forest and land fire hazard areas in this district are divided into three classes, which are low, medium, and high. The weighted overlay result found that Kubu Raya Regency is dominated by moderate forest and land fire areas, covering an area of 433.654,34 hectares or 50.7% of the total regency area. The second-largest forest and land fire hazard area are at a high level with an area of 244.282,41 hectares or 28.6% of the total area. The low forest and land fire hazard area have 177.624,25 hectares or 28.6% of the total area. The results of forest and land fire hazards area were validated by hotspot data 2021 using the AUC/ROC curve and obtained an area under the ROC curve value of 0.76, which indicates the score of this model is in a moderate category. The results of the statistic test of the hazard area with the concession area yielded a significant value of less than 0.05 with a contingency coefficient of 0.470, which means that there is a moderate relationship between the forest hazard area and the concession area."

"Local Birocracy Performance on The Controlling and to Meassures Forest and Land Fires (Case Study : at Pontianak and Sambas Districts West Kalimantan Province)

Forestry sectors has been playing important role on economics at West Kalimantan is 23,68% (BPS,2000). Forest in this province is categorized as protection forests, wildlife sanctuary, national park, limited production forest, production forest and converted areas, totally number 9,030 acre. Those natural resources is needs to be maintain and to preserve.

Forest and land fires is one of the cause of deforestation, often resulting in loss on several dimensions:such as economics, environmental, ecological, and social. According to Directorate Protection of Forestry Department (1998) in 1997 26.590,36 acres forest and land were on fires.This number included production forest 23.811 acres, ,wildlife sanctuary 1,378 acres. At national level West Kalimantan was on the third rank largest areas loss due to fire.

Local birocracy issued a policy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires. The policy carried out through institutions that were inter-related local birocracy. Institutions whose have responsibilities and duties in solving and handling the fires problems. Nonetheles, those institutions have not perform optimal yet in controlling and to measures, as much as expected. Therefore we need to study the main cause of non optimal performance institutions on local birocracy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires.This problem emerges research quoctions:

In which inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan?

How does local birocracy perform in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan?

What are the component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan?

The aim of this research are:

Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan.

Local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan.

The component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan.

This study refered to organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes, and facilities as supporting element on local birocracy performance.

Input elements are organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities. Those inputs later on became variables, which indicate local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires.

This research used survey method by using secondary data. Generally,this research used analytical descriptive methods and using ex post facto. In order to analyze raw data, this research used scaling techniques. Refers to goal achivement on each variables, the point of view of analysis is to know about performance of local birocracy at two districts; Pontianak and Sambas.

The conclusions could be drawn from this research are:

Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan.

Local birocracy performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan in Pontianak districts categorized less succes; whereas at Sambas districts, performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan categorized not success and at Dinas Pertanian and Kehutanan less success in in controlling and to measures forest and land fires

3_ Component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities.

There are no decreasing number in forest and land fires and hotspots on 2002 mean vulnerability for forest and land fires in West Kalimantan province still high."

"Pertumbuhan penduduk mengarah pada ketersediaan lahan permukiman. Tekanan populasi ini menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan dengan kemampuan lahan permukiman di Kota Samarinda. Prediksi pemodelan spasial diperlukan sebagai langkah untuk mencegah perubahan tutupan lahan yang berlebihan di masa depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi daya dukung permukiman dan pemodelan spasial tutupan lahan yang terjadi di Kota Samarinda pada tahun 2006, 2014, dan 2020. Metode Pengolahan data menggunakan Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CAMC) dan Indeks Daya Dukung Lahan Permukiman. Selanjutnya Indeks Daya Dukung Lahan Permukiman digunakan untuk memprediksi kemampuan lahan permukiman. Hasil CAMC menunjukkan adanya ekspansi tutupan lahan permukiman yang dipengaruhi oleh driving factor diantaranya jarak dari jalan, jarak dari sungai, jarak dari point of Interest (fasilitas kesehatan dan fasilitas pendidikan), lereng, dan wilayah ketinggian. Hasil daya dukung lahan permukiman dipengaruhi oleh jumlah penduduk, standar luas kebutuhan ruang, dan luas lahan permukiman di Kota Samarinda. Perhitungan daya dukung lahan permukiman tahun 2034 di Kota Samarinda mendapatkan hasil nilai indeks daya dukung lahan permukiman sebesar 4,6 m²/kapita. Arti dari 4,6 m²/kapita bahwa daya dukung lahan permukiman masih mampu menampung penduduk untuk bermukim 4 kali dari jumlah penduduk yang ada pada tahun 2034 karena memiliki luas yang lebih untuk menampung penduduk yang ada.

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Population growth leads to the availability of residential areas, this population pressure causes an imbalance with the ability of residential areas in Samarinda City. Spatial modeling predictions are needed as a prevention step to prevent excessive land cover changes in the future. This research aims to predict residential area carrying capacity and spatial modeling of land cover that occurred in Samarinda City in 2006, 2014, and 2020. The data processing method uses the Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CAMC) and the Capability Index of the residential area. Then the residential area Capacity Index is used to predict the ability of a residential area. The Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CAMC)  results show that there is an expansion of residential area land cover which affected by driving factors that consist of distance from the nearby road, distance from the river, distance from the point of interest (health facility and education facility), slope, and elevation. The residential area land carrying capacity results affected by population density, standard needed land area, and residential area extent in Samarinda City. The calculation of residential area land carrying capacity in 2034 Samarinda City results in the index value of the carrying capacity residential area 4.6 m²/capita. The meaning of 4.6 m²/capita is that the carrying capacity of residential area is still able to accommodate residents to live 4 times the total population in 2034 because it has more area to accommodate the existing population."

"Kegiatan tambang berskala besar menjadi salah satu penyebab munculnya permasalahan lingkungan, diantaranya adalah pencemaran Air Asam Tambang (AAT). Kota Samarinda yang sebagian besar luas wilayahnya telah beralih fungsi menjadi wilayah kerja pertambangan batubara memiliki lubang bekas galian tambang (void) dan lahan penyumbang asam yang berpotensi menjadi sumber pencemar AAT. Potensi pencemaran AAT di suatu wilayah dapat dikaji dengan memanfaatkan sistem informasi geografis dan penginderaan jauh yang dinilai andal untuk melakukan pengukuran, pemetaan, pemantauan, serta pembuatan model pengelolaan suatu wilayah secara cepat, akurat, dan efektif. Variabel yang digunakan adalah sebaran void, tutupan lahan, jenis tanah, curah hujan, topografi, badan air, dan air tanah. Sebaran void, tutupan lahan, dan badan air didapatkan dari digitasi Google Earth, Jenis tanah didapatkan dari kementerian pertanian, curah hujan didapatkan dari LAPAN, topografi didapatkan dari olahan data ASTER GDEM, serta air tanah didapatkan dari Kementerian ESDM. Integrasi data tutupan lahan, jenis tanah, badan air, curah hujan, dan topografi digunakan untuk menganalisis potensi pencemaran AAT terhadap badan air oleh lahan penyumbang asam, sementara integrasi data sebaran void dan air tanah digunakan untuk menganalisis potensi pencemaran AAT terhadap air tanah oleh void. Metode overlay digunakan untuk menganalisis pola spasial potensi pencemaran AAT di wilayah penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi pencemaran AAT terhadap badan air didominasi oleh wilayah dengan potensi pencemaran yang tinggi, potensi pencemaran AAT terhadap air tanah didominasi oleh wilayah delineasi sebelah selatan yang mengalirkan AAT ke wilayah akuifer dengan kategori kedalaman rendah dan sedang, sementara pola spasial pencemaran AAT berbentuk random/acak dengan susunan geometris yang berbentuk cluster.

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Large-scale mining activities are one of the causes of the emergence of environmental problems, including the Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Water Pollution. Samarinda City, which has a large area of converted land into a coal mining working area, has voided pits and acid-contributing fields which are potential sources of AMD pollutants. The potential AMD pollution can be assessed by utilizing a geographic information system and remote sensing that consider reliable for measuring, mapping, monitoring, and manage the model making for an area quickly, accurately, and effectively. The variables used are void distribution, land cover, soil type, rainfall, topography, body of water, and groundwater. Void distribution, land cover, and water bodies obtain from Google Earth digitization, soil types obtains from the ministry of agriculture, rainfall obtains from LAPAN, topography obtains from processed data from ASTER GDEM, and groundwater obtains from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Integration of land cover data, soil types, water bodies, rainfall, and topography is used to analyze the potential of AMD pollution to water bodies by acid-contributing land, while the void distribution and groundwater integration data is used to analyze the potential of AMD pollution to groundwater by voids. The overlay method is used to analyze the potential spatial patterns of AMD pollution in the study area. The results showed the potential of AMD pollution to water bodies dominated by areas with high pollution potential, the potential of AMD pollution to groundwater-dominated by south delineation area that drain AMD into aquifer areas with low and moderate depth categories, while the spatial pattern of AMD pollution was random with the geometric arrangement in the form of clusters."

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Keberadaan aktivitas penambangan batubara secara terbuka menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan sekitar. Salah satu kerusakan tersebut yaitu terbentuknya lubang bekas tambang (void). Void tersebut dapat dideteksi dengan citra satelit. Kota Samarinda memiliki ratusan lubang void dan berpotensi untuk bertambah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan sebaran void dan menganalisis void tersebut dengan analisis kesesuaian wilayah untuk area pengembangan panel surya terapung dan bendungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dijitasi pada citra resolusi tinggi dan metode Fuzzy Logic. Tahapan pertama yaitu mengidentifikasi sebaran void menggunakan dijitasi citra satelit pada wilayah izin usaha pertambangan di Kota Samarinda. Setelah itu melakukan identifikasi kesesuaian wilayah panel surya dan bendungan. Kriteria kesesuaian wilayah diklasifikasikan menggunakan metode Fuzzy Membership dan metode Fuzzy Overlay. Selanjutnya, peta kesesuaian wilayah tersebut di overlay dengan peta sebaran void untuk mendapatkan wilayah kesesuaian panel surya terapung dan bendungan pada void di Kota Samarinda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 442 void dengan luas total 7,901 km². Tingkat kesesuaian wilayah panel surya terapung dan bendungan dibagi menjadi 4 kelas, yaitu S1, S2, S3, dan S4/N. Jumlah void pada kelas kesesuaian panel surya terapung berturut-turut 17, 26, 40, dan 359. Adapun jumlah void pada kesesuaian bendungan berturut-turut 45, 133, 210, dan 54. Mayoritas void tersebar pada wilayah yang memiliki aksesibilitas rendah dengan jarak lebih dari 1 km, berada pada wilayah dengan penyinaran matahari yang cukup tinggi dengan 1800-1900 kWh/m²/tahun, dan berada pada wilayah dengan kemiringan lereng yang lebih dari 10 %.

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The existence of open coal mining activities causes damage to the surrounding environment. One such damage is the formation of a former mine pit (voids). These voids can be detected with satellite imagery. Samarinda City has hundreds of void holes and has the potential to increase. Therefore, this study aims to map the distribution of voids and analyze these voids by analyzing the suitability of the area for the development area of floating solar panels and dams. This research uses digitizing methods in high-resolution images and Fuzzy Logic methods. The first stage is identifying void distribution using digitalized satellite imagery in the mining business permit area in Samarinda City. After that, determine the suitability of the solar panel area and the dam. Region suitability criteria are classified using the Fuzzy Membership method and then overlaid using the Fuzzy Overlay method. Furthermore, the suitability map of the area is overlaid using the intersect with the void distribution map to get the suitability of the floating solar panels and the dams on the voids in Samarinda City. The results showed that there were 442 voids with a total area of 7,901 km². The suitability level of the floating solar panel and dam is divided into four classes, namely S1, S2, S3, and S4/N. The number of voids in the suitability class of floating solar panels are 17, 26, 40, and 359. The number of voids in the suitability of the dam is 45, 133, 210, and 54. The majority of voids are scattered in areas that have low accessibility with a distance of more than 1 km, are in areas with high solar radiation with 1800-1900 kWh/m²/year, and are in areas with slopes of more than 10 %.

 

 

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"In order to know the effect of isolation methods on the occurance and capability of soil fungi to degrade cellulose, a study was conducted in postburning forest in wanariset-Semboja, East Kalimantan..."

"Indonesia has the world's largest tropical peatlands of about 14.9 million hectares that have important life support roles. However, fire frequently occurs in peatlands. According to experts and field forest fire fighters, fire hotspots that appear in a sequence of two to three days at the same location has a high potential of becoming a forest fire. This study aimed to determine the sequential patterns of hotspot occurrences, classify satellite image data and identify the fire spots. Fire spot identification was done using hotspot sequence patterns that were overlaid with burned area classification results. Sequential pattern mining using the Prefix Span algorithm was applied to identify sequences of hotspot occurrence. Maximum Likelihood method was applied to classify Landsat 7 satellite images toward identifying burned areas in Pulang Pisau and Palangkaraya in Central Kalimantan and Pontianak in West Kalimantan. Sequence patterns were overlaid with image classification results. The study results show that in Pulang Pisau, 26.19% of sequence patterns are located in burned areas and 72.62% sequence patterns were found in the buffer of burned area within a radius of one kilometer. As for Palangkaraya, there were 62.50% sequence patterns located in burned areas and 87.50% sequence patterns in the buffer of burned area with the radius of one kilometer. In total, Â there were 72.62% and 87.50% fire hotspots recorded in Pisau and Palangkaraya, respectively which are strong indicators of peatland fires."

"Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kalimantan Barat akan menghasilkan emisi pencemar udara yaitu partikulat (PM10), karbon monoksida (CO), sulfur dioksida (SO2), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), dan ozon (O3) yang berpotensi mencemari kualitas udara di Kota Pontianak. Hasil pemantauan kualitas udara ini berupa nilai Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara (ISPU) yang berisikan nilai konsentrasi dari 5 macam parameter pencemar udara yaitu partikulat (PM10), karbon monoksida (CO), sulfur dioksida (SO2), nitrogen dioksida (NO2), dan ozon (O3). Kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi antara lain dikarenakan proses konversi hutan dan lahan di beberapa daerah di Kalimantan Barat menjadi lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit serta pemahaman oleh masyarakat bahwa cara membakar hutan merupakan metode paling murah dalam melakukan pembersihan lahan (land clearing). Kebakaran hutan dan lahan dapat dideteksi dengan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jarak jauh yaitu dengan melakukan pemantauan jumlah dan sebaran hotspot (titik panas) di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian mengenai dampak kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kalimantan Barat terhadap kualitas udara Kota Pontianak ini dimulai pada bulan Desember 2009 hingga bulan Mei 2010.Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa semakin banyak jumlah hotspot (titik panas) yang terpantau berpengaruh terhadap kualitas udara di Kota Pontianak. Dimana faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi seberapa besar dampak dari peristiwa kebakaran hutan dan lahan terhadap kualitas udara Kota Pontianak antara lain adalah jarak hotspot dari Kota Pontianak, suhu, serta arah dan kecepatan angin. Penurunan kualitas udara Kota Pontianak sebagai akibat dari peristiwa kebakaran hutan dan lahan menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah penderita penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan atas (ISPA) dan gangguan saluran pernafasan lainnya. Penelitian ini juga memperlihatkan bahwa walaupun nilai ISPU harian termasuk ke dalam kategori baik-sedang, terdapat beberapa jam di hari tersebut yang termasuk ke dalam katergori tidak sehat dan peristiwa peningkatan konsentrasi polutan seringkali terjadi di malam hari.

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Land and forest fire at West Borneo will emit carbon monoxide (CO), particulate (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozon (O3) which are potentially damage the air quality of Pontianak City. The monitoring result will be presented in air polluted standard index (ISPU) value. This index will contain the concentrating value from 5 different air polluting parameters like those that have been mentioned above. Most of land and forest fire caused by several things such as forest and land conversion process in some areas within West Borneo into coconut tree plantation, and the lack of understanding on how to do land clearing in a very cost effective way without burning the land and forest. Land and forest fire is able to be detected by far field identification technology like monitoring the amount and the spreaded hotspot of the burning area in West Borneo. The Research about the effect of land and forest fire at West Borneo to the air quality in Pontianak City was starting in December 2009 until May 2010.This research result then shows that the amount of the detected hotspot area will directly correlated to the air quality of Pontianak City. The distance of the detected hotspot area from Pontianak City, the temperature, the wind speed and direction are a few factors that contributes on how bad the land and forest fire caused the air pollution in Pontianak City. The degradation of air quality in Pontianak City has also made the increasing of the people who suffer upper breathing channel infection (ISPA) and other similar diseases. The research also indicates that although the daily ISPU value is categorized in middle range between good and bad, there are several hours in a single day especially in the evening where the ISPU value will be in the unhealthy range."