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"Diskursus lingkungan tidak terlepas dari persoalan mengenai bagaimana relasi yang terbentuk antara manusia dan alam. Sebagai salah satu pemikiran lingkungan, Sosial Ekologi yang digagas Murray Bookchin, menyoroti problem hierarki-dominasi sosial sebagai titik permasalahan ekologi. Sosial Ekologi memandang bahwa problem hierarki-dominasi sosial ini mempengaruhi persepsi dan relasi manusia dengan alam. Sosial Ekologi mengajukan perubahan sistem relasional lingkup sosial, dan menawarkan visi alternatif dari alam sebagai cerminan keberagaman dalam kesatuan dinamis dan relasi komplementer yang bebas dari unsur hierarki dan dominasi. Dalam pandangan seperti ini, baik relasi antar manusia sosial-masyarakat manusia , dan seluruh entitas alam digambarkan sebagai sesuatu yang tumbuh berdampingan dalam keberagama, serta bebas dari relasi superior dan inferior, yang ia sebut sebagai masyarakat ekologis.

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An environmental discourse cannot be separated with the relation between human and its nature. As a part of environmental philosophy, Social Ecology presented by Murray Bookchin focuses on the hierarchical social domination as an ecological problem. Social Ecology argues that this problem influences the perspective and relation between human and nature. It also proposes a relational system change in the social circle and offers an alternative vision from the nature as a reflection of unity, diversity, and complementary relation which is free from any hierarchy and domination. In this point of view, both societal relationship and every entities belong to the nature shall be described as a harmonious diversity, and also free from superior inferior relationship, which Bookchin refers to as an ecological society."

"The Hindu Balinese society has a strong stand on respecting nature in the ritual processes. The knowledge of which, is a precious contribution to the environment as it is described in the anthropo-, bio-, and eco-centric ethics. The Hindu Balinese people has described themselves as both micro- and macro-cosmos, and that they are obliged to keep harmony the relations of God, man, and nature, known as the concept of tri Hita Kirana which consists for Parahyangan (God), Pawongan (man), and Palemahan (the earth or the world). The Balinese sense of loyalty, submission, and loving devotion to God has to be expressed by their efforts to maintain harmony with nature and other human beings. The religions and cultural rituals in Bali, in essence, are not only theological, or mere esthetical, but they express the value of harmony between man and culture."

"Cratylus adalah salah satu karya Plato yang kerap dianggap sebagai benih filsafat bahasa. Selama ini, Cratylus cenderung dibaca berdasarkan horizon logika Aristotelian. Hal ini mengakibatkan terpolarisasinya pandangan mengenai kebenaran tentang nama, yang berujung pada oposisi antara naturalisme dan konvensionalisme dalam filsafat bahasa. Tesis ini berusaha memberikan pembacaan baru terhadap Cratylus menggunakan horizon logika Hegelian. Tujuannya, untuk mencapai sintesis yang dapat menjembatani perbedaan antara naturalisme dan konvensionalisme, yakni dengan menempatkan keduanya bukan dalam relasi opositif, melainkan relasi paradoksal. Perbedaan horizon logika yang digunakan ternyata melahirkan pandangan yang berbeda mengenai kebenaran. Pembacaan menggunakan horizon logika Hegelian menghasilkan sintesis berupa konsep baru mengenai referensi.

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Cratylus is one of Plato's work which considered as philosophy of language's seed. All these time, Cratylus tends to read based on Aristotelian logic's horizon. This caused polarization on views about the truth about name, which ends on opposition between naturalism and conventionalism in philosophy of language. This thesis is trying to provide novel reading on Cratylus by using Hegelian logic's horizon. The purpose is to accomplish synthesis that can connect the difference between naturalism and conventionalism, by putting both parties, not in opposition relation but rather in paradox relation. The difference on logical horizon that is used apparently bear different views about the truth. The readings using Hegelian logic's horizon generating synthesis of new concept about reference."

"Often described as the father of the Scottish Enlightenment, Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746) was born in the north of Ireland to an Ulster-Scottish Presbyterian family. Organised into three 'books' that were divided between two volumes, A System of Moral Philosophy was his most comprehensive work. It synthesised ideas that he had formulated as a minister and as the Chair of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow (1729–46). Published posthumously by his son in 1755, prefaced by an account of his life, it is the only treatise by Hutcheson for which a manuscript is known to have survived. Asserting that individual natural rights derive from an innate understanding of moral behaviour, Hutcheson offers a model that mediates between individual interests and communal ideals. Containing Book 1 and part of Book 2, Volume 1 describes the role and perception of 'perfect' and 'imperfect' natural rights."