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"Laporan magang ini akan memaparkan tentang perlakuan akuntansi keuntungan atau kerugian selisih kurs atas transaksi valuta asing di Bank Indonesia yang berbeda dengan praktik pada umumnya. Bank Indonesia tidak mengakui keuntungan atau kerugian yang belum direalisasi pada laporan laba rugi, tetapi mengakui di dalam neraca sebagai ekuitas. Sebagai konsekuensinya, Bank Indonesia menggunakan metode net currency position (NCP) untuk menghitung keuntungan atau kerugian yang direalisasi. Metode NCP akan menghasilkan average cost (AVC) yang digunakan sebagai biaya perolehan untuk menghitung keuntungan atau kerugian yang telah direalisasi.

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AbstractThis report focuses in describing about accounting treatment for gains or losses of foreigns exchange difference on foreign currency transaction in Bank Indonesia which is different from common practice. Bank Indonesia does not recognize unrealized foreign currency gains or losses in income statement, but recognizes it in balance sheet as a component in equity. Because of that, Bank Indonesia uses net currency position (NCP) method to compute realized foreign currency gains or losses. NCP method is going to generate average cost (AVC) which is used as cost in computing realized foreign currency gains or losses."

"Kegiatan dari perdagangan internasional telah menghasilkan keuntungan atau kerugian dari pertukaran mata uang asing. Keuntungan atau kerugian mata uang asing disajikan sebagai pendapatan lain dalam laporan laba rugi. Jadi, perlakuan terhadap keuntungan atau kerugian tersebut harus dievaluasi untuk mendapatkan jaminan bahwa keuntungan atau kerugian disajikan dengan wajar. Laporan berfokus hanya pada keuntungan atau kerugian dari pertukaran mata uang asing dalam piutang PT MIS. Laporan ini menemukan bahwa ada beberapa perlakuan yang harus diperbaiki. Namun demikian, pengguna laporan keuangan disarankan untuk menggunakan laba usaha sebagai parameter untuk mengukur nilai perusahaaan.

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Activities from international trade have resulted gains or losses from exchange of foreign currencies. These gains or losses from exchange of foreign currencies are shown as other income in the income statement. So, treatments of these gains or losses have to be evaluated to get assurance that those gains or losses are reasonable. This report focuses only in gains or losses from exchange of foreign currencies in the accounts receivables of PT MIS. This report finds that there are some treatments that have to be fixed. Nevertheless, users of financial statement are suggested to use income from operation as the parameter to measure the value of a company."

"ABSTRAKLaporan magang ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi PKAK 03: Pengaruh Perubahan Kurs Valuta Asing yang merupakan pedoman dalam KAK-BI untuk pengaturan terkait transaksi valuta asing yang dilakukan BI. KAK-BI merupakan pedoman akuntansi keuangan baru yang digunakan BI mulai 1 Januari 2014 menggantikan PAK-BI yang sebelumnya digunakan. Penerapan PKAK 03 pada laporan keuangan BI dinilai lebih mencerminkan karakteristik unik dari transaksi valuta asing pada BI dibandingkan penggunaan PAK-BI 23, dikarenakan PKAK 03 melakukan pemisahan terhadap transaksi yang melibatkan aset dan liabilitas valuta asing bukan komponen NCP serta tidak mengakui keuntungan atau kerugian yang berasal dari transaksi antar valuta asing pada laporan surplus defisit. Laporan ini membahas pula mengenai penyesuaian terhadap sistem aplikasi keuangan BI, yaitu BI-SOSA, agar target rencana implementasi KAK-BI dapat berlangsung dengan baik.

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ABSTRACT

This internship report purpose for analizing the implementation of PKAK 03: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates which is a guideline in KAK-BI for foreign exchange transactions conducted by BI. KAK-BI is a new financial accounting guidelines used by BI began January 1, 2014 replacing previously used guidelines, PAK-BI. Application of PKAK 03 to the BI financial statements considered better reflect the unique characteristics of the foreign exchange transactions in BI compared to the use of PAK-BI 23, because PKAK 03 separate transactions involving assets and liabilities in foreign currency is excluding as NCP component and does not recognize a gain or loss derived from fellow foreign exchange transactions to the statements of surplus deficit. This report also discusses the adjustments to BI financial applications system, namely BI-SOSA, in order to the implementation of KAK-BI can take place properly."

"Transaksi valuta asing Devisa Umum (DU) dan penjualan pembelian Uang Kertas Asing (UKA) memiliki celah terjadinya praktik kejahatan. Rumusan masalah pertama mengenai pengaturan transaksi valuta asing DU maupun UKA di  Kegiatan Usaha Penukaran Valuta Asing (KUPVA) Bank dan KUPVA Bukan Bank di Indonesia dan rumusan masalah kedua tentang peran Bank Indonesia (BI) dalam mengawasi transaksi tunai penjualan dan pembelian Dolar Amerika Serikat di Indonesia. Tujuan khusus penelitian mengetahui pengaturan transaksi valuta asing DU dan UKA di KUPVA Bank dan KUPVA Bukan Bank di Indonesia dan peran BI dalam mengawasi transaksi tunai penjualan dan pembelian Dolar Amerika Serikat di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif melalui wawancara dan dukungan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan pengaturan Transaksi Valuta Asing DU dan UKA di KUPVA Bank dan KUPVA Bukan Bank di Indonesia diatur dalam PBI dan Peraturan Kepala Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK). Pengaturan meliputi PBI No. 18/18/PBI/2016 dan PBI 18/19/PBI/2016 tentang Transaksi Valuta Asing Terhadap Rupiah Antara Bank Dengan Pihak Domestik dan Pihak Asing, serta PBI lainnya. Selanjutnya kepada PPATK terdapat Laporan Transaksi keuangan Tunai dan Mencurigakan, serta Transfer Dana Dari/Atau keluar Negeri. Peran BI dalam mengawasi transaksi tunai penjualan dan pembelian Dolar Amerika Serikat di Indonesia belum maksimal karena pelaporan UKA hanya berupa pelaporan Lalu Lintas Kegitan Devisa. Sebaiknya pelaporan kepada PPATK melalui KUPVA Bank dan KUPVA Bukan Bank mencantumkan poin UKA sehingga dapat memastikan jika terjadi money laundering yang turut terintegrasi dengan BI dan OJK. Kepada BI dan OJK sebaiknya poin UKA juga dimasukkan dalam tiap laporan sebagaimana DU.

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General foreign exchange (DU) and foreign banknotes (UKA) have a gap to open chance for a criminal activities. First discussion issue is consist a regulation of DU and UKA in foreign exchenge transaction in KUPVA Bank and KUPVA Non Bank in Indonesia and second discussion issue consist of Bank Indonesias (BI) role in monitoring sales and purchase UKA of Dolar Amerika Serikat in Indonesia. Normative jurisdictional research formed to a prescriptive data collection through an interview, observation, and secondary data support.

The result of research shown regulation DU and UKA in KUPVA Bank and KUPVA Non Bank are PBI 18/18/PBI/2016 of foreign transaction in Rupiah for local and international party, PBI KUPVA Non Bank, and other regulation. For PPATK such as report cash transaction and suspicious transaction, and other regulation. BIs role isnt completely maximum since UKA report from KUPVA Bank to BI is only a foreign activity traffic report. Furthermore, foreign activity traffic report not pointing a counterparty and the purpose in saling and purchasing transaction UKA.

A suggest to PPATK is diliver in order a suspicious cash financial report and in or out abroad fund transfer should be attached a UKA point. And in order to ensure whether money laundering and another crime act found, BI and OJK should include UKA point in daily/monthly same as general foreign as well. PPATK report should be integrated with BI and OJK to crystalize a sycnchronity and cooperation to maintain Rupiah stability and to prevent crime."

"Skripsi ini membahas masalah hukum terkait transaksi derivatif valuta asing dalam perbankan di Indonesia. Transaksi derivatif valuta asing mempunyai karakteristik yang khusus jika dibandingkan dengan transaksi derivatif biasa. Transaksi derivatif valuta asing mempunyai kemampuan untuk melakukan lindung nilai terhadap fluktuasi kurs valuta asing guna memperkecil risiko dalam kegiatan dagang ekspor impor. Transaksi Derivatif valuta asing juga berguna untuk meningkatkan potensi keuntungan yang dapat diraih namun disisi lain dalam keadaan tertentu seperti krisis, juga dapat menimbulkan kerugian karena bergantung pada fluktuasi kurs mata uang asing. Hasil penelitian dalam skripsi ini menyimpulkan bahwa kerugian yang diakibatkan ketidakpastian pergerakan ekonomi global dalam transaksi derivatif valuta asing dapat diminimalisir sehingga tujuan lindung nilai dari transaksi derivatif valuta asing dapat terlaksana.

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This Thesis review legal issues on foreign exhange derivative transaction in Indonesia. ini membahas masalah hukum terkait transaksi derivatif valuta asing dalam perbankan di Indonesia. Foreign exhange derivative transaction have more specific characteristic than normal derivative transaction. Foreign exhange derivative transaction have function to hedge exchange rate fluctuation to minimize international trade risk. Foreign exhange derivative transaction can also be used to maximize profit potential. However on certain circumstances, it can cause loss because it depend on exchange rate fluctuation. As a transaction with relatively bigger risk than normal derivative transaction, legal certainty and good law enforcement will be needed to ensure trust for Indonesia Bank. The result of research on this thesis conclude that loss caused by golbal economy uncertainty can be minimized to make the purpose of hedging by foreign exhange derivative transaction can be done succesfully."

"Local Currency Settlement (LCS) merupakan salah satu kebijakan moneter Bank Indonesia (BI) di pasar valuta asing Indonesia dalam menekan risiko nilai tukar eksternal berupa penyelesaian transaksi menggunakan mata uang lokal selain Dolar Amerika Serikat (USD). Dalam penelitian ini, diangkat pokok permasalahan, yaitu bagaimana pengaturan dan implementasi hukum dari pelaksanaan LCS dalam mekanisme penyelesaian transaksi valuta asing di Indonesia. Bentuk penelitian dalam skripsi ini bersifat doktrinal dengan didukung oleh alat pengumpulan data berupa bahan pustaka dan wawancara. Simpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah: 1. pengaturan LCS telah diatur dalam Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 22/12/PBI/2020 tentang Penyelesaian Transaksi Bilateral Menggunakan Mata Uang Lokal melalui Bank (PBI LCS); dan 2. Implementasi hak dan kewajiban serta tanggung jawab hukum Pelaku dalam pelaksanaan LCS sudah terlaksana dengan baik sesuai dengan pengaturan induknya. Meski telah menunjukkan perkembangan dalam implementasi LCS, masih ditemukan permasalahan hukum seperti belum diaturnya pelindungan hukum terhadap terjadinya risiko gagal bayar serta keterbatasan cakupan dari pengaturan LCS. Beberapa saran yang diberikan, antara lain: 1. BI harus dapat mengakomodasi pengaturan LCS yang memperluas cakupan transaksi dari sisi produk dan dari sisi pelaku; dan 2. BI bersama seluruh pemangku kepentingan, termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada yang tergabung dalam Satuan Tugas Nasional LCS, Bank-Bank ACCD di Indonesia, dan juga otoritas bank sentral Negara Mitra harus secara aktif mensosialisasikan mekanisme LCS dengan menawarkan efisiensi transaksi tanpa harus melakukan konversi ganda ke USD.

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Local Currency Settlement (LCS) is one of the monetary policies of Bank Indonesia (BI) in Indonesia's foreign exchange market in suppressing external exchange rate risks in the form of settlement of transactions using local currencies other than the United States Dollar (USD). In this research, the subject matter is raised, namely how the legal arrangements and implementation of the implementation of LCS in the foreign exchange transaction settlement mechanism in Indonesia. The form of research in this thesis is doctrinal in nature supported by data collection tools in the form of library materials and interviews. The conclusions obtained from this research are: 1. the LCS arrangement has been regulated in Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 22/12/PBI/2020 concerning Bilateral Transaction Settlement Using Local Currency Through Banks (PBI LCS); and 2. the implementation of the rights and obligations and legal responsibilities of the Actors in the implementation of LCS has been carried out properly in accordance with the parent regulation. Although it has shown progress in the implementation of LCS, there are still legal problems such as the lack of legal protection against the risk of default and the limited scope of the LCS regulation. Some suggestions are given, among others: 1. BI must be able to accommodate LCS arrangements that expand the scope of transactions in terms of products and actors; and 2. BI together with all stakeholders, including but not limited to those who are members of the LCS National Task Force, ACCD Banks in Indonesia, and also the central bank authorities of Partner Countries must actively socialize the LCS mechanism which offers transaction efficiency without having to do double conversion with USD."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan PKAK 03: Pengaruh Perubahan Kurs Valuta Asing pada Kebijakan Akuntansi Keuangan Bank Indonesia (KAKBI) sebagai standar dalam pengaturan terkait transaksi valuta asing pada laporan keuangan BI. KAKBI disusun oleh Komite Penyusun KAKBI dan mulai diimplementasikan tahun 2014. Implementasi PKAK 03 dianggap tepat bagi BI dikarenakan pengakuan keuntungan/kerugian selisih kurs terkait transaksi antar valuta asing dalam rangka pengelolaan cadangan devisa yang belum mencerminkan dampak dari upaya pencapaian tujuan BI, belum diakui sebagai surplus defisit.

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This study analyzes the implementation of PKAK 03: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates in Financial Accounting Policy of Bank Indonesia (KAKBI) as a standard related to foreign exchange transactions on BI?s financial statements. KAKBI prepared by the KAKBI?s Committee and implemented in 2014. The implementation of PKAK 03 considered appropriate due to the recognition of gains/losses of foreign exchange transactions in order to manage foreign exchange reserves which do not yet reflect the impact of efforts to achieve BI?s purpose, is not recognized as surplus deficit."

"Fluktuasi kurs mata uang suatu negara terhadap valuta asing, serta gejolak antara valuta asing itu sendiri terjadi setiap hari. Pihak pebisnis seperti importir dan eksportir sangat berkepentingan dengan kestabilan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap valuta asing. Situasi valas yang fluktuatif dimanfaatkan oleh kalangan spekulator untuk mendapatkan keuntungan melalui Transaksi Valuta Asing Berjangka Melalui Internet.Sampai saat sekarang ini belum ada peraturan yang mengatur secara jelas tentang, Perpajakan atas Penghasilan dari Transaksi Valula Asing Berjangka melalui Internet. Yang menjadi pokok masalah adalah bagaimana dapat menciptakan kejelasan dan kepastian berkenaan dengan pengenaan pajak atas penghasilan dari transaksi valas berjangka melalui internet, agar WajibPajak tidak ragu melaksanakankan kewajiban dan haknya. Hakekat ekonomi dari Transaksi Valas Betjangka Melalui Internet adalah bila investor memperoleh keuntungan akan menambalt kemampuan ekonomis yang akan dikenakan pajak. Sedangkan bila investor mengalami kerugian akan mengurangi kemampuan ekonomis yang mengurangi pajak.Penyelesaian transaksi secara langsung, berdasarkan pesanan, ataupun kehabisan marjin akan diselesaikan dengan cara reaiisasi dan metode "mark-to-market." Pemungutan pajak kepada masyarakat Wajib Pajak dapat lancar bila pihak pelaksana Kebijakan Pajak dan Hukum Pajak memperhatikan "Four Canons" dari Adam Smith, yaitu: Equality, Certainty, Convenience, dan economy, yang memenuhi Azas Keadilan yaitu Keadilazn Horizontal dan Keadilan VertikaI,daIam pemungulan pajak.Metode Penelitian dan Metode Pengumpulan Data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan memakai pendekatan deskriptif dan fenomenologis. Deskriplif berarti mengumpulkan tulisan-tulisan para ahli dan penuturan-penuturan yang berlaku. Fenomenologis berarti melalui wawancara langsung dapat diketahui pendapat pribadi pengambil kebijakan dan pelaku pasar.Fenomena yang dimaksud dengan penelitian ini adalah perolehan penghasilan dari pelaku transaksi valas berjangka melalui internet. Dari penelitian dokumen maupun penelitian di lapangan diperoleh temuan-temuan Penghitungan Penghasilan Kena Pajak, yang dihitung dari Penghasilan Neto berdasarkan pembukuan WajibPajak dikurangi Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak yang diberikan kepada WajibPajak Orang Pribadi. Pajak Penghasilan tentang dihitung dengan menerapkan tarif Pasal 17 UU PPh. atas Penghasilan Kena Pajak.Wajib Pajak yang diwawancarai tidak ada kesulitan untuk mengumpulkan bukti-bukti transaksi dengan menggunakan tasilitas yang disediakan perusahaan pialang, di mana WajibPajak mengikat kontrak transaksi valas beljangka melalui internet. Unluk WajibPajak Orang Pribadi yang memiliki usaha yang mempunyai Peredaran Bruto kurang dari 600 (enamratus)juta rupiah, tidal; diwajibkan pembukuan, melainkan wajib pencatatan saja. Untuk Transaksi Valas Berjangka tidak diterapkanNorma Penghitungan Penghasilan Neto, karena tidak ada peredaran usahanya, lagi pula untuk apa diterapkan Norma ataupun Pajak Penghasilan Final,karena dari bukti-bukti yang dikumpuIkan,WajibPajak dapat menyusun pembukuannya. Tujuan investor atau spekulalor yang rasional adalah mencari keuntungan.Keuntungan dari transaksi valas diperoleh apabila harga pokok valas yang dlbeli mengalami kenaikan. baik melalui pengambilan keuntungan langsung (spot) atau berdasarkan pesanan "take profit order", prosesnya menggunakan prinsip realisasi dengan metode "mark-to-market" Sebaliknya kerugian dari transaksi valas terjadi apabila harga pokok valas yang dijual mengalami kenaikan, kemudian dilakukan pemutusan transaksi rugi(cut loss) arau berdasarkan pesanan pembatasan kerugian (stop loss order) dan pada saat investor kehabisan marjin. Prosesnya menggunakan realisasi dan mark-to-market. Sampai saal ini belum ada upaya yang sungguh-sungguh dari pihak Direktorat Jenderal Pajak umuk mengeksplorasi potensi pajak dari Transaksi Valas Berjangka melalui Intemet. Pihak WajibPajak sendiri yang, menekuni bisnis ini terkesan menulup diri, apalagi untuk memperhatikan kewajiban pajaknya. Upaya yang sehamsnya dilakukan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak adalah bertindak cepat membual buku pedoman tentang transaksi valas berjangka dan tara cara pemenuhan kewajiban pajak serta hak-hak yang dimiliki oleh WajibPajak. Dari uraian dan analisis dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa potensi pajak dari transaksi Valas Berjangka melalui internet oleh WajibPaiak OrangPribadi belum terjamah oleh Pihak Direktorat Jenderal Pujak dan belum ada upaya untuk mengeksplorasinya. Oleh karena itu Penulis menyampaikan kepada pihak Direktorat Jenderal Pajak untuk melakukan eksplorasi potensi pajak,segera mengeluarkan peraturan-peraturan perpajakan yang kondusif bagi investor untuk mendapatkan kepastian berusaha., melakukan sosialisasi kepada pelaku pasar, pelaku bursa, meIalui asosiasi-asosiasi terkait, khususnya Transaksi Valas Berjangka melalui internet yang dilakukanoleh orang Pribadi di Indonesia.

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Fluctuation of foreign currency known as foreign exchange ( forex ) to domestic currency rate, as well as the Fluctuation between foreign exchange rates itself happen everyday. Many entrepreneurs such as importers and exporters take much concern in the stabilities of rupiah rate against foreign exchange rates. This Fluctuative condition is being advantage by the speculators to make profit with foreign exchange transaction through internet. Until now, there are no clear tax regulations subjected to The Transaction on Foreign Exchange through lnternet. The main objective is how to create understandability and certainty on Taxation of Foreign Exchange Transaction through lntemet, so that the Taxpayers will have no doubt in doing their rights and obligations.

The economic substance of The Transaction on Foreign Exchange through Internet is when investors receive profit, it will increase the economic ability that can be taxed. On the other hand, if the investor suffer loss, it will decrease the economic ability that can deduct their tax obligations. The settlement of these transaction are done by realization and mark-to-market method. Tax collection to the taxpayers will run smoothly when The Tax Administration is concerned to Adam Smith's Four Canons, which are: Equality, Certainly, Convenience, and Economy, and should match with the equity principle, which are horizontal equity and vertical equity.

The Research tnethod and Data Collection method used in this thesis are based on The Qualitative Research Methodology with descriptive and phenomenon approach. Descriptive means to collect literatures from many experts and existing tax regulations. Phenomenon means through direct interview, we can know the personal opinion of the tax policy side and market user's. Phenomenon mentioned in this context means the earned income from personal investor of foreign exchange through internet."

"The role of taxpayers permitted to maintain their book keeping in US $ currency to government's revenue are increasing therefore such discriminatory policy needs a serious study to ensure the fairness and certainty in implementation. Minister of Finance Decree Number 533 Year 2000 specifying five types of business which are allowed to maintain the book keeping in US $ without a criterion as standardized in financial accounting standard (FAS), as a result arising issue in the effort of taxing foreign exchange difference. Accounting standard sees the non functional currency as a foreign currency. All monetary items and all transactions are denominated in foreign currency generate the foreign exchange difference. Prevailing implementation rules designed to rule the Rupiah book keeping which will become inequitable judicially if applied to the US $ books taxpayer. This thesis is addressed to analyze the foreign exchange difference treatment to the company permitted to maintain their bookkeeping in US $, base on license's granting criteria, exchange rate and foreign exchange rate difference, foreign exchange treatment in prevailing regulations, exchange rates and financial report items translation, and the improvement proposal to make the foreign exchange taxing will be in line with the basic law principles.

US $ bookkeeping is designed to respond the globalization demand and to provide the conducive climate of investments. Accountancy is an element of tax administration in providing information about tax object. Accounting information is expressed in monetary unit is so-called as an accounting currency. Accounting currency is functional currency, currency considered as non-functional be foreign currency. Exchange rates fluctuation is generating foreign exchange difference. Restatement of foreign currencies balance and transactions denominated in foreign currency within two different points of time will generate foreign exchange losses/gains which ultimately affecting the tax liability. S-H-S income concept assumes the foreign exchange rate difference as a part of capital gains or capital losses, which should be taxed or deducted at the realization date.

Type of research for this thesis has the character of analytical-descriptive. Data collecting conducted with research of documents and research of field. Research of documents conducted with research of bibliography and research of field. Research of bibliography cover research of literatures, expert's opinions, relevant taxation rules and financial data of PT X. Field research conducted by holding an interview with interested parties to the foreign exchange difference taxation case which studied-in is PT X case as according to Code of Foreign Capital.

The principle of book keeping rule in the law of General Provision and Taxation Procedure (referred as "KUP Law") mention that unless otherwise stipulated by tax laws, the book keeping must be executed by means or systems normally uses in Indonesia, like on the basis of Financial Accountancy Standards (FAS). The KUP Law gives authority to Minister of Finance to define the taxpayer which may allow to maintain book keeping in US $ without accompanied by criterion, therefore MOF has his own discretion to issue further book keeping rules which might possibly oppose the basic principles of basic rules. Every transaction carries out in the non US S currency will yield the foreign exchange difference. A foreign exchange gain is subject to tax and a foreign exchange loss will be deductible from the gross income. Prevailing implementation rules related to the foreign exchange difference do not itemize particular financial report post able to be translated by historical exchange rate and balance, which translated with current exchange rate. The tax authority's treatment and tax court's decision on the PT X case was derived from Gunadi's opinion in his book that there is no foreign exchange loss from the tax payables or receivables accounts since the taxes receivables/ payables account should be translated by historical exchange rate. From accounting point of view, the Gunadi's method of translation is a temporal method with dual transactions perspective which nor FAS neither prevailing tax laws does not adopted. FAS adopts the monetary and non monetary translation method as an accepted standard to report all foreign currency transactions.

It is recommended that the licensed taxpayer to apply the US $ book keeping has to rely on certain criteria in line with the other article within the same provision. The implementation provisions of forcij exchange difference need to update by inserting the detail of foreign exchange loss derived from which items allow as deduction and the detail of foreign exchange gain derived from which items treats as the income tax object."