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"Ilmu hubungan internasional memiliki tiga paradigma utama; realisme, liberalisme, dan kontruktivisme yang khas dalam memandang institusi. Tulisan ini akan melihat dan membandingkan bagaimana ketiga paradigma ini memandang ASEAN Political Security Community 2015. Pada akhirnya, dapat diketahui keunikan dan kelemahan masing-masing paradigma dalam memandang kerjasama keamanan di Asia Tenggara ini. Realisme memandang security dilemma sebagai faktor kunci munculnya kerjasama, sedangkan liberalisme memandang institusionalisme sebagai faktor determinan. Di sisi lain, konstruktivisme menakankan pada identitas kolektif yang terkonstruksi di antara negara-negara anggota APSC 2015.

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International relations has three major paradigms: realism, liberalism, and constructivism that has distinct view on institution. This paper will compare how the three paradigms asses the ASEAN Political Security Community 2015. In the end, the uniqueness and weaknesses of each paradigm will be identified. Realism regards security dilemma as a key factor in the emergence of security cooperation, while liberalism sees institutionalism as a determinant factor. On the other hand, constructivism emphasizes on collective identity that is constructed among the member countries of APSC 2015."

"[ABSTRAKIndonesia sebagai salah satu negara anggota ASEAN, memiliki prioritas yang jelas dalam upaya peningkatan hubungan dan politik luar negerinya. ASEAN terus berupaya mengembangkan tingkat perekonomian serta stabilitas keamanan regional melalui Komunitas ASEAN 2015, salah satunya adalah ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kerjasama politik dan keamanan diantara anggota ASEAN. Melihat kondisi keamanan kawasan saat ini, diperlukan langkah proaktif untuk menyikapi masalah keamanan di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Dengan memanfaatkan fungsi APSC, Indonesia berpeluang untuk meredakan konflik di kawasan Asia Tenggara melalui penguatan intelligence sharing diantara negara anggota ASEAN. Penelitian ini berupaya menunjukkan implementasi konsep intelligence sharing dan konsep security community untuk menjelaskan pembangunan kawasan yang stabil melalui cara-cara damai sehingga aspek mutual trust dan collective identity di Asia Tenggara terpenuhi.

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ABSTRACTIndonesia as one of ASEAN members has a clear priority effort to enhance its relationship and foreign policy. ASEAN keep trying to develop the economic level and the regional security stability through ASEAN Community by 2015, one of them are ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC), which aims to improve the political and security cooperation amongst ASEAN?s members. Seeing the current regional security?s condition, it needs a proactive step to respond the regional security problems in Southeast Asia. By utilizing the function of APSC, Indonesia has chance to ease the conflict in Southeast Asia?s region through intelligence sharing?s enhancing amongst ASEAN?s countries members. This research tries to show the implementation of the intelligence sharing?s concept and the concept of security community to explain a stable regional development through peaceful means so the aspect of mutual trust and collective identity in Southeast Asia fulfilled., Indonesia as one of ASEAN’s members has a clear priority effort to enhance its relationship and foreign policy. ASEAN keep trying to develop the economic level and the regional security stability through ASEAN Community by 2015, one of them are ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC), which aims to improve the political and security cooperation amongst ASEAN’s members. Seeing the current regional security’s condition, it needs a proactive step to respond the regional security problems in Southeast Asia. By utilizing the function of APSC, Indonesia has chance to ease the conflict in Southeast Asia’s region through intelligence sharing’s enhancing amongst ASEAN’s countries members. This research tries to show the implementation of the intelligence sharing’s concept and the concept of security community to explain a stable regional development through peaceful means so the aspect of mutual trust and collective identity in Southeast Asia fulfilled.]"

"Ide pembentukan Komunitas Politik Keamanan ASEAN APSC pada tahun 2015 merupakan perwujudan salah satu pilar dari Komunitas ASEAN. ASEAN Community Pembentukan komunitas keamanan ini merupakan suatu fenomena yang menarik karena komunitas ini dibentuk dalam suatu kawasan regional yang terdiri dari negara negara dengan kapabilitas militer yang cenderung serupa karena tidak terdapat hegemon regional di kawasan tersebut.Penelitian ini berfokus untuk menganalisis mengapa proses pematangan APSC diikuti oleh poliferasi senjata ofensif oleh negara negara anggota ASEAN Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menunjukkan keterkaitan antara proses pematangan Komunitas Politik Keamanan ASEAN APSC dengan dinamika persenjataan di Asia Tenggara serta seberapa besar tingkat interaksi antara kedua variabel tersebut.

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The idea of the establishment of ASEAN Political Security Community APSC in 2015 is a manifestation of security pillar which is one of the pillars that support ASEAN Community The establishment of this security community is an interesting phenomenon as it is created in a region that consists of states with similar military capabilities as the region does not possess regional hegemon.This research focuses on the question why the maturation of ASEAN Political Security Community APSC is followed by the arms proliferation of ASEAN member states. It also explains the linkage between the maturation of APSC and the arms dynamics in Southeast Asia as well as the level of interaction among the two variables."

"Penelitian tesis ini menganalisa tentang kegagalan kerjasama keamanan maritim ASEAN dalam menghadapi permasalahan illegal fishing di perbatasan wilayah maritim Indonesia dengan negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Permasalahan ini dibahas sebab kawasan maritim ASEAN merupakan salah satu jalur perdagangan strategis internasional yang dilewati sekitar 70% kapal perdagangan yang melalui wilayah maritim ASEAN. Begitu pentingnya wilayah maritim ASEAN sehingga negara-negara anggota ASEAN mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk melindungi wilayah maritim dari berbagai ancaman keamanan laut, seperti pencurian ikan atau illegal fishing. Pencurian ikan atau illegal fishing di kawasan Asia Tenggara paling banyak terjadi berada di laut Indonesia. Sebagai negara maritim terbesar di ASEAN, Indonesia merasa dirugikan dalam sektor politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan keamanan negara. Pencurian atau penangkapan ikan secara ilegal memperlihatkan adanya pelanggaran batas kedaulatan laut yang dilakukan oleh negara-negara lain khususnya di negara-negara kawasan Asia Tenggara, seperti: Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Filipina. Di samping itu, kasus pencurian ikan yang dilakukan oleh negara-negara ASEAN tersebut di perairan Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa kerjasama-kerjasama keamanan maritim ASEAN mengalami kegagalan. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan gagalnya kerjasama keamanan maritim ASEAN, diantaranya adalah ketidaktegasan peraturan dalam kerjasama tersebut, perbedaan pandangan negara-negara ASEAN mengenai permasalahan pencurian ikan, ketidakmampuan ASEAN dalam menjaga wilayah laut regional ASEAN dan faktor ekonomi. Disamping itu, kegagalan kerjasama maritim ASEAN disebabkan pula oleh kegagalan pemerintah Indonesia dalam menyelesaikan kasus pencurian ikan.

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This thesis analyzes the failure of the ASEAN maritime security cooperation in addressing illegal fishing in Indonesian maritime border with other Southeast Asian countries. This issue is discussed because ASEAN maritime region is one of the international strategic paths, which is passed by 70% of international trade by sea. Therefore the ASEAN maritime border is crucial. ASEAN countries have a responsibility to protect maritime security and to overcome threats, such like illegal fishing.

Illegal fishing in Southeast Asian maritime region is one of the most popular problems that happen in the Indonesian seas. As the largest maritime country in ASEAN, Indonesia has suffered illegal fishing in terms of the political, economic, social, and national security. Illegal fishing is an infrigement of the sovereignty. In Indonesian case, the illegal fishing has been done by ships with flags from Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The fact that the illegal fishing has been done by ASEAN countries shows that the ASEAN maritime security cooperation has failed.

There are several factors that lead to the failure of the cooperation, such as the inconsistence of regulation in the ASEAN maritime cooperation, the difference of thoughts among ASEAN countries on illegal fishing, ASEAN inability to protect ASEAN region border, and economic factor. In addition, the failure of ASEAN maritime cooperation happens due to the inability of the Indonesian Government to tackle illegal fishing."

"In this third edition of Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia, Amitav Acharya offers a comprehensive and critical account of the evolution of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) norms and the viability of the ASEAN way of conflict management. Building on the framework from the first edition, which inspired the establishment the ASEAN Political-Security community, this new edition has been extensively updated and revised based on new primary sources that are not publicly available.Updates for this edition include:Expanded and updated coverage of the South China Sea Conflict and how it affects regional order and tests ASEAN unityAnalysis of new developments in US role in the region, including ASEAN's place and role in the US pivot/​rebalancing strategy and the evolution of the East Asian Community, the newest summit level multilateral groupExtensive analysis of the ASEAN Political-Security communityAn examination of US-China relations and China-ASEAN relationsCoverage of ASEAN's institutional development and the controversy over reform of the ASEAN Secretariat.An updated outlook on ASEAN's future as a security community and the issue of ASEAN Centrality in the regional security architecture. The new edition will continue to appeal to students and scholars of Asian security, international relations theory and Southeast Asian studies as well as policymakers and the media"

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"[ABSTRAKKasus penerimaan terbatas ASEAN dalam norma pengaturan senjata kecil dan senjata ringan menunjukkan peristiwa kontra-tren dari tren penerimaan norma internasional dalam masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis kondisi-kondisi yang mendasari penerimaan terbatas ASEAN terhadap norma pengaturan senjata kecil dengan berusaha menelusuri proses mikro yang terjadi pada konteks struktur domestik ASEAN sebagai refleksi terhadap dinamika pengaturannya pada tingkat kawasan. Dengan menggunakan metode multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa strategic culture dan struktur politik domestik berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam memungkinkan terjadinya saluran normatif bagi resonansi norma pengaturan senjata kecil. Sementara itu, karena adanya perbedaan kompetensi normatif di antara negara-negara ASEAN dan adanya cognitive prior ASEAN yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk menjadi organisasi regional bercorak ?sovereignty-oriented?, ASEAN membatasi penerimaan norma ini dengan melakukan lokalisasi norma pengaturan senjata kecil di kawasan.

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ABSTRACT

;ASEAN cases of limited acceptance in small arms control norm represents a counter-trend event of the widely accepted international norms in the matter. This study aimed to analyze the conditions underlying the limited acceptance of ASEAN towards small arms control norms by seeking to explore the micro processes that occur in the context of the domestic structure of ASEAN as a reflection of the dynamics at the regional level. By using the multi-value method Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA), the study found that strategic culture and domestic political structures affect significantly for the channel which allows the setting of norms resonance for small arms control norms. Meanwhile, because of differences in normative competence among ASEAN countries and the ASEAN?s cognitive priors which leans toward a tendency to become a regional 'sovereignty-oriented' organization, ASEAN limits the acceptance of this norm by setting norms localization of small arms control norms in the region, ASEAN cases of limited acceptance in small arms control norm represents a counter-trend event of the widely accepted international norms in the matter. This study aimed to analyze the conditions underlying the limited acceptance of ASEAN towards small arms control norms by seeking to explore the micro processes that occur in the context of the domestic structure of ASEAN as a reflection of the dynamics at the regional level. By using the multi-value method Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA), the study found that strategic culture and domestic political structures affect significantly for the channel which allows the setting of norms resonance for small arms control norms. Meanwhile, because of differences in normative competence among ASEAN countries and the ASEAN’s cognitive priors which leans toward a tendency to become a regional 'sovereignty-oriented' organization, ASEAN limits the acceptance of this norm by setting norms localization of small arms control norms in the region]"