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"ABSTRAKKonversi BBM ke BBG sangat gencar dilakukan pemerintah saat ini, maka dari itu salah satunya dibangun infrastruktur penyaluran gas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri dan transportasi. Salah satu yang dilakukan adalah penyaluran LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) dengan fasilitas penerimanya menggunakan FSRU (Floating Storage Regasification Unit). Pada skripsi ini, dilakukan analisis resiko dengan metode HAZID (Hazard Identification) pada salah satu infrastruktur unit FSRU yaitu unit penerima LNG yang terdapat fasilitas regasifikasi LNG menjadi gas alam yang dipasok untuk memenuhi kebutuhan PLTU dan Transportasi di kawasan Tanjung Priok, Jakarta Utara. Selanjutnya, dilakukan kajian menggunakan metode Value Engineering untuk mengetahui seberapa besar biaya yang ditambahkan untuk mengurangi resiko bahaya yang ada pada FSRU tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan nilai resiko dari tiap unit di FSRU rata-rata keseluruhan adalah terdapat pada zona ALARP, dan setelah dilakukan escalation guard, resiko dapat diturunkan pada zona Medium, dan membutuhkan total biaya penambahan sebesar Rp. 299.700.000 yaitu 0,006% dari total biaya proyek FSRU tersebut

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AbstractConverting Fuels to Fuel Gas is incentive to do the current government, and therefore one of them built of gas supply infrastructure to meet the needs of industry and transportation. One that does is the distribution of LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) with the receiver using the FSRU (Floating Storage Regasification Unit). In this study, the risk analysis performed by the method of HAZID (Hazard Identification) infrastructure in one of the receiver unit FSRU LNG regasification facility located LNG into natural gas is supplied to meet the needs of the plant and transport in the area of Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta. Furthermore, studies conducted using Value Engineering to find out how much cost is added to reduce the risk of danger that existed at the FSRU. From the results of this study found the risk value of each unit in the overall average FSRU is the ALARP zone, and after escalation guard, the risk can be reduced to Medium zone, and requires the addition of the total cost of Rp. 299.7 million is 0.006% of the total project cost of the FSRU."

"This book presents selected topics in implementing a risk-based approach for complex engineering systems in general, and nuclear plants in particular. It addresses gap areas in implementing the risk-based approach to design, operation and regulation, covering materials reliability, digital system reliability, software reliability, human factor considerations, condition monitoring and prognosis, structural aspects in risk-based design as well as the application aspects like asset management for first-of-their-kind projects, strategic management and other academic aspect. Chapters are authored by renowned experts who address some of the identified challenges in implementation of risk-based approach in a clear and cogent manner, using illustrations, tables and photographs for ease of communication. This book will prove useful to researchers, professionals, and students alike."

"The availability of power plants is of utmost importance in a power system. The availlability of a power plant is determined by its reliability and maintainability, which results from the plant’s maintenance program. Commonly used maintenance techniques for power plants include reliability-centered maintenance (RCM), risk-based maintenance (RBM), and condition-based maintenance (CBM) as well as their combination. This study aims to analyze the respective system availability that results from each of the three maintenance techniques and examines the system availability of the integrated maintenance technique, which is based on reliability, risk, and condition. The availability analysis is performed by developing a mathematical model based on the maintenance programs produced by each maintenance technique. The availabilities of the RCM, RBM, CBM, and integrated maintenance techniques are 81.56%, 81.02%, 84.92%, and 90.07%, respectively."

"In the last twenty years considerable progress has been made in process risk and reliability management, particularly in regard to regulatory compliance. Many companies are now looking to go beyond mere compliance; they are expanding their process safety management (PSM) programs to improve performance not just in safety, but also in environmental compliance, quality control and overall profitability. Techniques and principles are illustrated with numerous examples from chemical plants, refineries, transportation, pipelines and offshore oil and gas.This book helps executives, managers and technical professionals achieve not only their current PSM goals, but also to make the transition to a broader operational integrity strategy. The book focuses on the energy and process industries- from refineries, to pipelines, chemical plants, transportation, energy and offshore facilities. The techniques described in the book can also be applied to a wide range of non-process industries.The book is both thorough and practical. It discusses theoretical principles in a wide variety of areas such as management of change, risk analysis and incident investigation, and then goes on to show how these principles work in practice, either in the design office or in an operating facility. The second edition has been expanded, revised and updated and many new sections have been added including: The impact of resource limitations, a review of some recent major incidents, the value of story-telling as a means of conveying process safety values and principles, and the impact of the proposed changes to the OSHA PSM standard."

"Pelabuhan merupakan sarana penting dalam bidang transportasi laut. Ketika kebutuhan akan transportasi meningkat semakin meningkat pula jumlah kecelakaan yang terjadi, khususnya kecelakaan di area pelabuhan. Analisis dan investigasi yang dilakukan masih kurang optimal dalam menyelesaikan akar penyebab kecelakaan ini. Dengan menggunakan Metode analisis keselamatan probabilistik penyebab dasar dari kecelakaan tersebut dapat diketahui. Dengan mengetahui penyebab dasar dari kecelakaan tersebut diharapkan dapat dilakukan tindakan pencegahan agar angka kecelakaan tersebut dapat ditekan sekecil mungkin. Hasil dari analisis kecelakaan dapat dijadikan rekomendasi kepada para stakeholder di bidang transportasi laut.

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Seaport is an important facility in the field of maritime transport. Increasing maritime transport also increase the amount of accidents that occur, especially accidents in the port area. Analysis and investigations conducted still less than optimal in addressing the root causes of this accident. By using the method of probabilistic safety analysis of the basic causes of the accident can be determined. By knowing the basic cause of the accident is expected to be a precaution that the accident rate can be as small as possible. The analysis results of the accident can be used as a recommendation to the marine transportation stakeholders."

"Engineering reliability concerns failure data analysis, the economics of maintenance policies, and system reliability. This textbook develops the use of probability and statistics in engineering reliability and maintenance problems. The author uses probability models in the analysis of failure data, decision relative to planned maintenance, and prediction relative to preliminary design."

"ABSTRAKJaringan pipa adalah salah satu sarana transportasi minyak dan gas yang paling aman dan ekonomis sehingga pipa tidak boleh mengalami kegagalan saat beroperasi. Pipa lurus dalam suatu pipeline adalah pipa dengan geometri yang paling sering dijumpai. Jalur pipa transmisi biasanya ditanam didalam tanah (underground) sehingga rentan terhadap korosi eksternal. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan analisis keandalan, terutama pada geometri lurus. Pengujian keandalandilakukan dengan menggunakan simulasi Monte Carlo. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh tanah terhadap laju korosi pipa maka dilakukan pengukuran pH , resistivitas tanah dan laju korosi pipa pada setiap segmen. Hasil dari pengukuran laju korosi pipa lurus kemudian dibandingkan dengan laju korosi pipa elbow.Pengamatan mikrostruktur dilakukan untuk mengetahui penyebab perbedaan laju korosi kedua jenis pipa tersebut. Untuk mengetahui kemungkinan terjadinya Stress Corrosion Cracking pada pipa lurus dilakukan permodelan menggunakan Autodesk Inventor. Nilai resistivitas tanah pada segmen I berada pada level very corrosive (<500Ω-cm), segmen II berada pada level corrosive (500-1000 Ω-cm),dan segmen II berada pada level moderately corrosive (1000-2000 Ω-cm). Nilai pH berada pada rentang 5-7 untuk semua segmen. Laju korosi pipa lurus meningkat seiring penurunan nilai resistivitas tanah, dengan range nilai antara 0.15-0.83 mm/year,. Pengamatan struktur mikro menunjukkan ukuran butir pipa lururs adalah sebesar 10.84 μm. Hasil permodelan Autodesk Inventor memperlihatkan bahwa terjadi konsentrasi tegangan pada pipa sebesar 122,2 Mpa. Keandalan pipa lurus pada segmen adalah 36.35%, segmen II adalah 56.03%, dansegmen III adalah 96.61%.

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ABSTRACTThe pipeline is one means of transportation of oil and gas are the most safe and economical so that the pipe should not fail during operation. Straight pipe in a pipeline is a pipe with the geometry of the most frequently encountered. Transmission pipelines are usually planted in the ground (underground) so susceptible to external corrosion. Therefore it is necessary for the reliability analysis, especially in a straight geometry. Reliability testing is done using Monte Carlo simulations. To determine the influence of soil on the rate of corrosion of pipes is carried out measurements of pH, soil resistivity and corrosion rate of pipes on each segment. Results of straight pipe corrosion rate measurements were then compared with the corrosion rate of elbow pipe. Microstructural observations performed to determine the cause of differences in the corrosion rate of the twotypes of pipe. To determine the possibility of Stress Corrosion Cracking in a straight pipe made from modeling using Autodesk Inventor. Soil resistivity values in the segment I was at the level very corrosive (<500Ω-cm), segment II at the level of corrosive (500-1000 Ω-cm), and segment II at the level of moderately corrosive (1000-2000 Ω-cm). PH value in the range 5-7 for all segments. Straight pipe corrosion rate increases with decrease in soil resistivity values, the values range between 0.15-0.83 mm / year,. Observation of the microstructure shows a grain size of the pipe lururs is 10.84 μm. Autodesk Inventor modeling results show that there are stress concentration on the pipe at 122.2 MPa. Reliability straight pipe segment was 36.35%, segment II is 56.03%, and segment III is 96.61%"