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"ABSTRAKHasil dekomposisi spektral dengan menggunakan metode Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-VilleDistribution (SPWVD) digunakan untuk mengestimasi nilai atenuasi pada data seismik.Tujuan tugas akhir ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi reservoar shale pada formasiGumai yang terletak di Lapangan Abiyoso yang berada di sub cekungan Jambi, cekunganSumatera Selatan dengan menggunakan dekomposisi spektral. Tahapan pertama yangdilakukan adalah analisis petrofisika dan analisis crossplot untuk mengarakterisasi lapisanreservoar shale. Karakterisasi lebih lanjut dilakukan dengan overlay kurva DlogR dankurva Transit time sonik. Dari ketiga zona shale yang diprediksi, diperlihatkan bahwalapisan batuan lempung pada zona Shale 1 merupakan lapisan batuan lempung yangdiduga reservoar. Hasil tersebut didukung pula oleh estimasi nilai atenuasi daridekomposisi spektral. Selanjutnya dekomposisi spektral diteruskan untuk data seismiksecara keseluruhan sehingga didapatkan estimasi persebaran reservoar lapisan batuanlempung pada data seismik.

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ABSTRACTThe results of spectral decomposition using Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution(SPWVD) is used to estimate the value of attenuation on seismic data. The purpose of thisthesis is to characterize shale reservoir in Gumai Formation at Abiyoso Field in JambiSub Basin, South Sumatera Basin. The first stage,it is carried out petrophysical analysisand crossplot analysis to characterize shale reservoir layer. Further characterization isdone by overlaying DlogR and Sonic transit time curve. Based on the three predictedshale zone, it is shown that shale layer at Shale zone 1 is estimated the layer of shalereservoir. These results are confirmed also by the estimated value of the attenuation ofspectral decomposition. Further spectral decomposition is applied to seismic data set tomap distribution of shale reservoir."

"Oil Shale merupakan salah satu bahan bakar non konvensional berbentuk sedimen batuan halus, yang dapat menjadi sumber energi alternatif. Dalam proses retorting, Oil Shale dapat dikonversi menjadi shale oil dan shale gas. Sebelumnya, terdapat beberapa penelitian yang membahas potensi shale gas untuk memproduksi gas hidrogen. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pemodelan sistem menggunakan Aspen Plus untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan keseluruhan shale oil beserta shale gas hasil dari retorting untuk memproduksi hidrogen menggunakan teknologi chemical looping. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi energi dari sistem apabila meneruskan tahapan produksi hidrogen hingga ke tahap produksi ammonia untuk penyimpanan. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, produk retorting dari 0,126 kg/s bahan baku oil shale komposisi New Albany, yaitu 0,0063 kg/s shale oil dan 0,0024 kg/s shale gas, dapat memproduksi hidrogen sebanyak 0,0037 kg/s. Hidrogen ini dapat dikonversi menjadi ammonia sebanyak 0,012 kg/s dengan sisa hidrogen sebanyak 0,00089kg/s. Berdasarkan analisis energi, didapatkan efisiensi dari keseluruhan proses oil shale retorting hingga produksi ammonia adalah sebesar 55%.

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Oil shale is one of the non-conventional fuel in the form of fine rock sediments, which can be utilized as an alternative energy resource. In the retorting process, Oil Shale is converted into shale oil and shale gas. Previously, there were several studies that discussed the potential utilization of the shale gas product to produce hydrogen gas. In this study, a simulation was carried out using Aspen Plus to determine the potential of using both shale oil and shale gas products from the retorting process, to produce hydrogen using a chemical looping system. In addition, this study is aimed at analysing the energy efficiency of the system with the additional process of converting hydrogen into ammonia for storage. Based on the simulation results, the retorting product from 0,126 kg/s of oil shale, respectively 0,0063 kg/s and 0,024 kg/s of shale oil and shale gas, could produce 0,0031 kg/s of hydrogen. This amount of hydrogen could be converted into 0,012 kg/s of ammonia, with a remaining hydrogen product of 0,00089 kg/s. Based on the energy analysis, the efficiency of the entire system from the oil shale retorting process up to the ammonia production is 55%."

"[ABSTRAKMaterial serpih adalah sejenis serpih minyak yaitu material clay atau karbonat yangmengandung banyak organik belum matang, apabila dipanaskan pada suhu tertentu,kandungan organiknya menjadi matang dan berubah secara fisika dan kimia,sehingga dapat menghasilkan bahan energi seperti migas. Dalam penelitian inicampuran material dimodifikasi dengan perbandingan: A=B, AB dan AB.Pengujian TOC menghasilkan clay-organik (SMC) dan karbonat-organik (SMK)menunjukkan kualitas yang sangat baik sebagai serpih minyak (TOC≥12.0%), yangdiperkuat hasil analisis SEM (morfologi dan komposisi) dan XRD (interaksi duamaterial).Hasil analisis Termogravimetri menunjukkan energi aktivasi material serpih clay(209-355 kJ/mol) lebih kecil dibanding karbonat (749-1339 kJ/mol), dan temperaturuntuk proses reaksi material serpih clay (40-600OC) lebih kecil dibanding karbonat(75-740OC). Karakteristik tersebut menyebabkan tingkat maturasi material serpihclay lebih cepat dibanding karbonat, diperkuat Tmax serpih clay (315-323OC) lebihkecil dibanding Tmax serpih karbonat (415-493OC). CEC 2 (serpih minyak)memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan serpih clay (Ea=239 kJ/mol dan T=40-600OC). OD1-Ast3 memiliki tingkat maturasi yang paling bagus (Ea=234 kJ/moldan Tmax=315OC) sesuai dengan serpih minyak (CEC 2). Hasil pengujian RockEval Pyrolisis menunjukkan material serpih clay dan karbonat mempunyai potensitinggi (menghasilkan oil dan gas). Hasil pemanasan material serpih diperkuat olehhasil pengujian FTIR yaitu senyawa dengan gugus fungsi tertentu terlepas danmuncul puncak baru di bilangan gelombang 2900 cm-1 yang menunjukkankeberadaan hidrokarbon ikatan tunggal dari rantai karbon panjang C-H.;

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ABSTRACTThe material is a kind of shale oil shale is clay or carbonate material containingorganic many immature, when heated to a certain temperature, the organic contentof becoming mature and change in physics and chemistry, so it can produce energymaterials such as oil and gas. In this study a mixture of materials modified bycomparison: A=B, AB and A>B. TOC testing of clay-organic (SMC) produce andorganic carbonates (SMK) demonstrate excellent quality as shale oil (TOC≥12.0%),which confirmed the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis(morphology and composition) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) (interaction of twomaterials).The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed activation energy shale claymaterial (209-355 kJ/mol) is smaller than the carbonate (749-1339 kJ/mol), and thetemperature of the reaction process shale clay material (40-600OC) is smaller thanthe carbonate (75- 740OC). These characteristics cause the maturation level of clayshale material faster than carbonate, shale clay reinforced Tmax (315-323OC) issmaller than Tmax flakes carbonate (415-493OC). CEC 2 (shale oil) has the samecharacteristics as the flakes of clay (Ea=239 kJ/mol and T=40-600OC). OD1-Ast3have the most good maturation rate (Ea=234 kJ/mol and Tmax=315OC) inaccordance with the shale oil (CEC 2). Test results show the Rock Eval Pyrolisisclay shale and carbonate material has a high potential (produce oil and gas).Results heating shale material reinforced by FTIR testing results are compoundswith specific functional groups apart and a new peak appeared at wavenumber 2900cm-1 which indicate the presence of hydrocarbons single bonds of the carbon chainlength of CH.;The material is a kind of shale oil shale is clay or carbonate material containingorganic many immature, when heated to a certain temperature, the organic contentof becoming mature and change in physics and chemistry, so it can produce energymaterials such as oil and gas. In this study a mixture of materials modified bycomparison: A=B, AB and A>B. TOC testing of clay-organic (SMC) produce andorganic carbonates (SMK) demonstrate excellent quality as shale oil (TOC≥12.0%),which confirmed the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis(morphology and composition) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) (interaction of twomaterials).The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed activation energy shale claymaterial (209-355 kJ/mol) is smaller than the carbonate (749-1339 kJ/mol), and thetemperature of the reaction process shale clay material (40-600OC) is smaller thanthe carbonate (75- 740OC). These characteristics cause the maturation level of clayshale material faster than carbonate, shale clay reinforced Tmax (315-323OC) issmaller than Tmax flakes carbonate (415-493OC). CEC 2 (shale oil) has the samecharacteristics as the flakes of clay (Ea=239 kJ/mol and T=40-600OC). OD1-Ast3have the most good maturation rate (Ea=234 kJ/mol and Tmax=315OC) inaccordance with the shale oil (CEC 2). Test results show the Rock Eval Pyrolisisclay shale and carbonate material has a high potential (produce oil and gas).Results heating shale material reinforced by FTIR testing results are compoundswith specific functional groups apart and a new peak appeared at wavenumber 2900cm-1 which indicate the presence of hydrocarbons single bonds of the carbon chainlength of CH., The material is a kind of shale oil shale is clay or carbonate material containingorganic many immature, when heated to a certain temperature, the organic contentof becoming mature and change in physics and chemistry, so it can produce energymaterials such as oil and gas. In this study a mixture of materials modified bycomparison: A=B, AB and A>B. TOC testing of clay-organic (SMC) produce andorganic carbonates (SMK) demonstrate excellent quality as shale oil (TOC≥12.0%),which confirmed the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis(morphology and composition) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) (interaction of twomaterials).The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed activation energy shale claymaterial (209-355 kJ/mol) is smaller than the carbonate (749-1339 kJ/mol), and thetemperature of the reaction process shale clay material (40-600OC) is smaller thanthe carbonate (75- 740OC). These characteristics cause the maturation level of clayshale material faster than carbonate, shale clay reinforced Tmax (315-323OC) issmaller than Tmax flakes carbonate (415-493OC). CEC 2 (shale oil) has the samecharacteristics as the flakes of clay (Ea=239 kJ/mol and T=40-600OC). OD1-Ast3have the most good maturation rate (Ea=234 kJ/mol and Tmax=315OC) inaccordance with the shale oil (CEC 2). Test results show the Rock Eval Pyrolisisclay shale and carbonate material has a high potential (produce oil and gas).Results heating shale material reinforced by FTIR testing results are compoundswith specific functional groups apart and a new peak appeared at wavenumber 2900cm-1 which indicate the presence of hydrocarbons single bonds of the carbon chainlength of CH.]"

"[Lapangan FTM sebagai lapangan minyak dan gas bumi. Pada lapangan FTM terdapat dua reservoir gas dan reservoir minyak, yaitu formasi Minahaki dan Formasi Tomori. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada formasi Tomori dengan litologi batuan karbonat dan merupakan reservoir minyak yang berumur Miocene Akhir. Stuktur ini terbentuk oleh sesar mendatar (Trust fault) dengan sudut kecil yang berarah NE-SW. Identifikasi hidrokarbon pada studi ini didasarkan pada hasil metode dekomposisi spektral. Metode dekomposisi spektral berbasis ISA dan CWT digunakan untukanalisa anomali frekuensi rendah. Anomali frekuensi rendah berasosiasi adanya hidrokarbon. Analisa petrofisika pada lapangan FTM pada daerah hidrokarbon mempunyai porositas yang bagus dan saturasi air yang kecil. Hasil dari pemetaan zona prospek hidrokarbon dan analisa petrofisika ini diharapkan bisa dilakukan delineasi zona prospek untuk kepentingan survey seismik lebih lanjut dan acuan untuk proses pemboran.

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FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending.

Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.

Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic surveys and drilling of reference for the process;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending. Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area. Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic

surveys and drilling of reference for the process., FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and

gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely

the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the

formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late

Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small

angle of the NE - SW trending.

Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral

decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.

Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis

FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.

Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is

expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic

surveys and drilling of reference for the process]"

"ABSTRAKJumlah pasokan dan kebutuhan gas bumi di Indonesia masih dalam kondisi defisit yang diakibatkan jumlah pasokan gas bumi semakin menurun dan kebutuhan akan gas bumi yang semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Namun, defisit antara pasokan dan kebutuhan dapat diperkecil seiring penemuan cadangan gas bumi konvensional yang baru atau dengan mengembangkan lapangan gas nonkonvensional seperti shale gas. Potensi shale gas Indonesia diperkirakan mencapai 574 TCF yang tersebar di Sumatera, Kalimantan, Jawa dan Papua. Formasi Naintupo yang berada di Cekungan Tarakan memiliki sumber daya shale gas yang bisa dihasilkan secara teknis sebesar 5 TCF darigas-in-place resiko sebesar 35 TCF. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai aspek teknoekonomi dari pengembangan lapangan shale gas di Formasi Naintupo, Cekungan Tarakan dengan menggunakan skema Kontrak Bagi Hasil (Production Sharing Contract) dan skema kontrak gross split.Tiga profil laju alir akan dikembangkan dengan menggunakan kurva penurunanhiperbolik Arps, yaitu profil produksi rendah dengan laju alir awal (qi) sebesar 150 mmcf/mo, profil produksi sedang (qi=250 mmcf/mo) dan profil produksi tinggi (qi=350 mmcf/mo) . Perkiraaan biaya investasi berdasarkan benchmarking biaya pengembangan lapangan shale gas di Amerika Serikat dan pengembangan lapangan migas di Cekungan Tarakan. Pada kondisi analisis kontrak bagi hasil dan kontrak gross split memiliki NPV>0, IRR>10% pada profil produksi sedang dan tinggi. Bagi kontraktor, kontrak bagi hasil akan lebih menguntungkan pada profil produksi rendah dan kontrak gross split lebihmenguntungkan pada profil produksi tinggi. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang lebih berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan NPV dalam kontrak bagi hasil adalah harga gas dan dalam kontrak gross split adalah profil produksi. Untuk mendapatkan nilai NPV yang positif pada Kontrak Bagi Hasil, gas bumi harus dijual pada harga $12,05/MMBTU pada profil produksi rendah, $7,88/MMBTU pada profil produksi sedang dan $6,03 pada profil laju alir tinggi. Pada kontrak gross split, NPV yang positif dicapai ketika gas bumi dijual pada $8,42/MMBTU pada profil produksi sedang dan $6,52/MMBTU pada profil produksi tinggi.

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ABSTRACTThe amount of supply and demand of natural gas in Indonesia is still in deficitcondition due to the decreasing supply with increasing demand each year. This deficit of supply and demand could be minimized by new reserve discovery of conventional natural gas or by developing unconventional gas field like shale gas. Shale gas potential in Indonesia was predicted reached 574 TCF which spread in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java and Papua. Naintupo Formation, located in Tarakan Basin has shale gas potential in which 5 TCF is technically recoverable with 35 TCF risked gas in place. This study will discuss technoeconomic aspect of shale gas field development in Naintupo Formation in Tarakan Basin by using production sharing contract scheme and gross split contract scheme.Three flow profiles would be developed by using Arps hyperbolic decline curves, consist of low production profile with initial production (qi) of 150 mmcf/mo, medium production profile (qi = 250 mmcf/mo) and high production profile (qi = 350 mmcf/mo). Costs estimation were based on benchmarking cost of developed shale gas field in United States and nearby oil/gas field development in Tarakan Basin. On the base case, production sharing contract and gross split contract gave NPV>0, IRR>10% on middle and high production profile. For contractor, production sharing contract was more profitable in low production profile and gross split contract was more profitable on highproduction profile. Sensitivity analysis showed that the NPV increase was more affected by gas price in production sharing contract and production profile was more influential in gross split contract. To develop positive NPV in production sharing contract, gas price should be $12.05/MMBTU in low production profile, $7.88/MMBTU in middle production profile and $6.03 in high production profile. In gross split contract, positive NPV was reached when gas price was $8.42/MMBTU in middle production profile and $6.52/MMBTU in high production profile."

"[Lapangan FTM sebagai lapangan minyak dan gas bumi. Pada lapangan FTMterdapat dua reservoir gas dan reservoir minyak, yaitu formasi Minahaki danFormasi Tomori. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada formasi Tomori dengan litologibatuan karbonat dan merupakan reservoir minyak yang berumur Miocene Akhir.Stuktur ini terbentuk oleh sesar mendatar (Trust fault) dengan sudut kecil yangberarah NE-SW.Identifikasi hidrokarbon pada studi ini didasarkan pada hasil metode dekomposisispektral. Metode dekomposisi spektral berbasis ISA dan CWT digunakan untukanalisa anomali frekuensi rendah. Anomali frekuensi rendah berasosiasi adanyahidrokarbon. Analisa petrofisika pada lapangan FTM pada daerah hidrokarbonmempunyai porositas yang bagus dan saturasi air yang kecil.Hasil dari pemetaan zona prospek hidrokarbon dan analisa petrofisika inidiharapkan bisa dilakukan delineasi zona prospek untuk kepentingan surveyseismik lebih lanjut dan acuan untuk proses pemboran.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process., FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.]"

"Penelitian ini melakukan identifikasi lapisan shale gas menggunakan Inversi Impedansi Akustik dan Dekomposisi Spektral. Penelitian dilakukan di Lapangan "AP", Cekungan Barito dan formasi target yaitu Formasi Tanjung. Nilai Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ditentukan dengan menggunakan Passey's Number dan data geokimia. Selanjutnya, zona shale gas ditentukan dengan mengorelasikan Log Gamma-ray dengan Log Densitas, Sonic, NPHI, dan Resistivitas pada dua sumur. Hasil korelasi menunjukkan terdapat zona shale gas pada masing-masing sumur, yaitu dikedalaman 7130-7370 ft (Sumur A-1) dan 3100-3280 ft (Sumur P-1). Zona shale gas Sumur A-1 dan Sumur P-1 memiliki TOC rata-rata 5.4 wt% dan 2.8 wt%. Hasil tersebut didukung oleh hasil inversi impedansi akustik (AI) yang menujukkan nilai impedansi rendah untuk zona shale gas antara 5000-8000 m/s*g/cc (Line A-1), dan 7200-8900 m/s*g/cc (Line P-1). Selain itu, hasil tersebut juga didukung oleh hasil dekomposisi spektral yang menunjukkan anomali Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) tinggi pada frekuensi 18 Hz (untuk Line A-1) dan 20 Hz (untuk Line P-1). Analisis terintegrasi antara data seismik, hasil inversi AI dan CWT menunjukkan terdapat daerah potensial shale gas pada punggungan antilkin di Line A-1 dan Line P-1.

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This study identify shale gas layer using acoustic impedance (AI) and spectral decomposition. The object of this study is Field ‘AP’, Barito Basin, and the formation target is Tanjung Formation. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) values was determined using Passey’s Number and geochemical data. Furthermore, shale gas zone was determined by correlating Gamma-ray log with Density, Sonic, NPHI and Resistivity log in two wells.

Correlation result showed there are a shale gas zone in each well, which is at 7130-7370 ft (Well A-1) and 3100-3280 ft (Well P-1). Shale gas zone Well A-1 and P-1 has average TOC of 5.4 wt% and 2.8 wt%. These results are supported by calculation of AI inversion, which showed a low impedance values for shale gas zone between 5000-8000 m/s*gr/cc (Line A-1) and 7200-8900 m/s*gr/cc (Line P-1).

Besides, spectral decomposition also showed high CWT anomaly at 18 Hz (Line A-1) and 20 Hz (Line P-1). Integrated analysis of seismic data, AI, and CWT indicates there are potentials area of shale gas on the anticline ridge on Line A-1 and Line P-1."

"Shale hidrokarbon masih menjadi salah satu topik hangat dalam industri perminyakan. Indonesia memiliki potensi shale gas yang cukup besar yaitu sekitar 574 TCF. Pemerintah bersama investor sedang memulai pengusahaan shale hidrokarbon. Parameter-parameter geokimia dan geomekanik merupakan aspek penting dalam eksplorasi potensi shale hidrokarbon dan memberikan informasi penting dalam rangka optimasi produksi. Namun demikian, masih cukup terbatas penelitian-penelitian terkait hubungan parameter-parameter petrofisik untuk shale hidrokarbon. Area penelitian berada pada bagian tepi selatan cekungan Sumatera Utara. Formasi Baong dipercaya sebagai target pengusahaan shale hidrokarbon dengan dominan litologi adalah shale. Formasi Baong berada pada kisaran kedalaman 1.465 ndash;3.224 m dengan mudstone tebal, didominasi oleh calcareous shale berwarna abu-abu coklat hingga hitam yang kaya foraminifera, mengindikasikan pengendapan pada lingkungan laut. Umur Formasi Baong bervariasi dari Miocen Bawah hingga Miocen Tengah dan secara vertikal dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 3 unit, yaitu : Baong Bagian Atas, Baong Bagian Tengah dan Baong Bagian Bawah yang didominasi oleh shale. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potesni shale hidrokarbon dengan menganalisa Total Organic Carbon TOC , Brittleness Index BI , Hydrogen Index HI dan parameter-parameter kematangan. Berbagai metode dilakukan untuk menganalisa beberapa parameter tersebut, diantaranya dengan geokimia, mineralogi, petrofisik, cross plotting, dan interpretasi seismik. Hasil analisa Rock-Eval dan petrografi menunjukkan bahwa TOC bervariasi antara 0,1 ndash;2,3 , vitrinite reflectance Ro berkisar 0,4 ndash;0,9, HI bervariasi antara 31 ndash;171 dan temperatur maksimum Tmax berkisar antara 432 ndash;461oC. TOC menunjukkan kategori cukup hingga baik. Crossplot antara HI dan Tmax pada diagram van Krevelen menunjukkan dominasi kerogen tipe II dan III. Kerogen dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai early mature hingga mature. BI pada shale termasuk pada kategori less brittle hingga brittle. Area prospektif untuk pengembangan shale hidrokarbon yaitu pada sekuen MFS-2, MFS-3, SB-2 dan SB-3 dengan potensi berupa shale oil.

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Shale hydrocarbon remains one of the hot topics in the petroleum industry. Indonesia has a great potential shale gas resource 574 TCF , and both government and oil companies have promoted the development of shale gas. Geochemical and geomechanical parameters are important aspects for exploring new shale gas play, and it provides significant information to optimize production plan and stimulation design. However, there is limited research on correlations inter petrophysical parameters for shale hydrocarbon reservoirs. The study area is located on the southeast border of the North Sumatra Basin. Lower Baong Formation shales are believed to be favorable shale gas targets with a dominant shale lithology. The Baong Formation occurs at depths from 1.465 ndash 3.224 m in the study area with the thick mudstone, dominated by gray, brown to black calcareous shale rich in foraminifera, indicating a marine environment. The Baong Formation age varies from the Lower Miocene to Middle Miocene can split into three vertical units the Upper Baong, Middle Baong, and the dominantly shale Lower Baong. This research is aimed to characterize and identify shale hydrocarbon by examining the Total Organic Carbon TOC , Brittleness Index BI , Hydrogen Index HI and maturity parameters. Various methods were used to analyze these parameters, including geochemistry, mineralogy, petrophysics, cross plotting, and seismic interpretation. Our analysis on Rock Eval and petrographic data shows that TOC varies between 0.1 ndash 2.3 , vitrinite reflectance of 0.4 ndash 0.9 , HI varies from 31 ndash 171, and maximum temperature Tmax from 432 ndash 461oC. TOC resulted in a poor to good category. A cross plot of the HI and Tmax in the van Krevelen diagram revealed the dominant kerogen types as II and III. The kerogen can be considered as early mature to mature. The BI of the shale formation of the research area is categorized in less brittle to brittle. The prospective areas for the development of shale hydrocarbon are the sequences of MFS 2, MFS 3, SB 2 and SB 3 with the potential of shale oil."

"Pada tahun 2030 Indonesia memiliki target untuk minyak dan gas bumi sebesar 1 juta barrel per hari (bph). Untuk mencapai target tersebut dilakukan strategi eksplorasi hidrokarbon pada lapangan yang telah terproduksi sebelumnya. Lapangan Y yang terletak di Cekungan Sumatera Selatan, merupakan lapangan yang menghasilkan minyak dan gas bumi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi reservoir pada zona target Res#9 dan Res#7 yang terletak di formasi Air Benakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan integrasi metode seismik yaitu Inversi akustik impedansi dan atribut RMS amplitudo. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan interpretasi menunjukan bahwa zona yang diindikasikan merupakan reservoir berasosiasi dengan amplitudo yang tinggi dan memiliki nilai akustik impedansi 6000 - 8000 [kPa.s/m]. Berdasarkan hasil analisa sensitivitas pada data log nilai P - Impedance tidak dapat memisahkan antara batuan pasir dan serpih. Hal ini disebabkan litologi penyusun pada daerah penelitian adalah batuan pasir dengan keberadaan batuan serpih yang cukup dominan.

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In 2030, Indonesia aims to produce 1 million barrels of oil and gas per day (bpd). To achieve this goal, an exploration strategy in a previously produced field is implemented. Field Y is an oil and gas producing field in the South Sumatra Basin. Reservoirs were performed in the Res#9 and Res#7 target zones of the Air Benakat formation in this study. This research is conducted by integrating seismic methods, namely acoustic inversion of impedance and RMS amplitude attributes. Results Based on the data and interpretation, the indicated zone is a high amplitude associated reservoir with an acoustic impedance of 6000 - 8000 [kPa.s/m]. The sensitivity analysis of the log data shows that the P - Impedance value cannot distinguish between sandstone and shale. This is due to the field resesearch lithology, which is sandstone with a fairly dominant presence of shale."

"Upaya peningkatan produksi migas dari sumur-sumur yang telah ada merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah keterbatasan sumber daya migas akibat adanya penggunaan minyak bumi yang terus meningkat.Batuan karbonat Lapangan Alula secara keseluruhan tersusun terbagi menjadi empat siklus pengendapan (Zona-W, Zona-x, Zona-y Zona-Z). Identifikasi rock type merupakan komponen untuk membuat karakteristik reservoir. Dari hasil analisa rocktype menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang jelas antara lithofasies, ukuran butir dengan porositas-permeabilitas.Berdasarkan data empiris yang dihasilkan dari percontoh batuan sumur-sumur di lapangan Alula tersebut, hasilnya pengamatan memperlihatkan konsistensinya terhadap ketiga buah Rock Type/RT yang telah didefinisikan dari model Winland R-35. Kualitas reservoir karbonat Lapangan Alula dari aspek rock fabric/tekstur tidak mencerminkan korelasi yang baik jika dibandingkan dengan klasifikasi batuan karbonat dari Lucia, hal ini disebabkan oleh perkembangan kualitas reservoir banyak dikontrol oleh aspek diagenesa bukan dikontrol oleh ukuranbutir/tekstur/rockfabric.Perhitungan Rok Type secara petrofisika dilakukan menggunakan persamaan Winland R-35. Penggunaan rock typing pada lapangan Alula ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis/karakterisasi batuan reservoir yang hubungan antara porositas dan permeabilitas dapat digunakan untuk kelompok batuan reservoir yang memiliki sifat sama. Metode rock type dengan model Winland memberikan korelasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Lucia.

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Efforts to increase oil and gas production from wells that have been there is an alternative to overcome the problem of limited oil and gas resources as a result of the continued use of oil & gas. Overall lithology of carbonate Alula Field divided into four depositional cycles there are (Zone-W, Zone-X, Zone-y and Zone-Z).

Identification of rock type is a component to make the characteristics of the reservoir. The results of rocktype analysis showed no clear relationship between lithofacies, grain size with porosity-permeability. Based on empirical data generated from rock sample wells in the field Alula, a result observation shows the consistency of the three pieces of rock type/RT which has been defined from the model Winland R-35. Alula Field carbonate reservoir quality of aspects of rock fabric/texture does not reflect a good correlation when compared to classification of carbonate rocks of Lucia, this is caused by the development of reservoir quality is controlled by many aspects diagenesa not controlled by grain size/textures/rockfabric.

Calculations Rock Type of petrophysical are performed using R-35 Winland equation. The use of rock typing in Alula field aims to determine the type/characterization of reservoir rocks that the relationship between porosity and permeability can be used for reservoir rock group that has the same properties. Methode of model Winland Rock Typing provides more better correlation than Lucia model."