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"This analytical epidemiological survey was aimed to investigate the correlation between oral hygiene and the onset of an infectious, necrotic, ulcerative disease called acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG). The study involved 319 elementary school children consisting of 163 (52%) male and 156 (48) female pupils from Kecamatan Pacet, Cianjur, West Jawa. Samples were chosen by stratified simple random sampling. The obtained data were analyzed with Bivariant Test (Chi2Ttest), and the results showed a quite high prevalence of ANUG, about 15.3% in total and consisting of 9% male and 6.3% female subjects. The correlation between oral hygiene and the onset of ANUG was found to be significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that oral hygiene has an important contribution to the onset of ANUG."