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"International law in its basic concept is intended to serve aslegal framework jar society of States. International lawprescribe what is right and what if wrong; it also prescribeshow State behaves toward one another and it providesanctions. However, the above description is international isas understood in class room. In reality, international law isfrequently used as a political instrument by States. It can be aninstrument to exert pressure, instrument for intervening onother States domestic affairs without considered as violationand it can also be used to justify States actions. The presentarticle will describe how States how used international imv onindonesia as political instrument and how indonesia has usedinternational law to further its national policy"

"Law can be used as political instrument, such as intervention instrument for developed countries against Indonesia. In order to face intervention using law, there is no choice other than to face it by using law as well. Skill in formulating legal sentence and in negoatition should be faced with he same skill. Good tactic also should be faced with the good tactic. This is challenge for Indonesia to face sovereign intervention on legislation process in Indonesia."

"The province of East Kalimantan has the largest tropicalforests in indonesia. Throughout the era of the NewOrder government under President Soeharto the naturalresources especially tropical forests were .systematicallyexploited without any serious effort on the part of thegovernment and private companies to take care of thesocial and environmental aspect of such exploitation. Asa result, severe environmental degradation tool: placeand the local people in the country side lost theirsources of livelihood in the midst of the presence ofmultinational corporations and private forestconcessionaires ironically there were enclaves ofpoverty. in this era of regional autonomy there is muchdoubt that the situation could get better as localgovernment authorities tend to repeat past mistakes andthey are unable to control the extensive practice ofillegal logging. This writing will propose some pottysuggestions that might be helpful for promoting theprinciples of sustainable development and putting an endto the phenomenon of "the tragedy of the commons"."

"The aim of the paper is to discuss the trend of globalization from political, ideological, security and defense, economics, socio cultural and international law point of views, and their influences in forming the New World Order. The Trend shows the dominance' of the United States as the emerging of the United States as the 'sole superpower' and the spread of free market and liberalism. In terms of international law, there is a need to form interstates regulations regarding the flow of people, capitaL information and other goods accross national boundaries."

"Puri merupakan sebuah identitas kelompok elite yang berasal dari keluarga kerajaan dalam masyarakat Bali. Puri terbentuk sejak masa penaklukan Kerajaan Bedahulu oleh Majapahit pada abad ke-14. Peran sosial yang dilakukan oleh puri masih tetap bertahan hingga masa kini, meskipun puri tidak lagi memiliki kekuasaan formal dalam pemerintahan. Secara umum, puri memiliki tiga peran sosial yang menjadi bagian utama, yaitu (1) peran kultural dalam preservasi seni, khususnya di tengah derasnya perkembangan pariwisata di Pulau Bali, (2) peran ekonomi terkait kesejahteraan masyarakat yang berada di bawah naungannya, dan (3) peran politik dalam mengarahkan figur tertentu dan/atau ikut serta dalam pemerintahan lokal melalui pemilihan umum. Meskipun demikian, perubahan pespektif dari masyarakat terhadap puri pada masa kini dan perbedaan kapabilitas puri yang besar menjadikan peran puri tidak lagi sama antara satu dengan lainnya. Untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengenai peran puri dalam masyarakat Bali pada masa pasca-Orde Baru, penelitian ini dititikberatkan pada dua studi kasus di dua wilayah berbeda, yaitu Kabupaten Klungkung dan Kabupaten Gianyar. Kabupaten Klungkung merupakan lokasi Puri Agung Klungkung yang merupakan puri tertua di Pulau Bali. Kabupaten Gianyar merupakan lokasi tiga puri yang menjadi obyek penelitian, yaitu Puri Agung Gianyar (Puri Gianyar) di Kecamatan Gianyar, serta Puri Saren Ubud dan Puri Agung Peliatan (Puri Ubud) di Kecamatan Ubud. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menganalisis peran politik puri di Kabupaten Klungkung dan Kabupaten Gianyar serta faktor yang mempengaruhi peran politik tersebut. Teori oligarki, pseudohistori, dan penjelasan mengenai relasi antarkasta dalam masyarakat Bali menjadi penting dalam menganalisis temuan-temuan yang ada dalam penelitian ini. Melalui metode kualitatif, sumber primer penelitian yang didasarkan pada wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah tokoh puri dan nonpuri diletakkan sebagai kunci utama dalam penelitian ini, selain sumber-sumber sekunder yang juga menunjang kebutuhan informasi lanjutan dalam memahami peran puri secara lebih mendalam. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Puri Klungkung memiliki kapabilitas internal dan eksternal yang lebih lemah dalam memainkan tidak hanya peran politik, namun juga peran ekonomi dan kultural jika dibandingkan dengan peran sosial Puri Gianyar dan Puri Ubud. Kalangan elite Puri Gianyar dan Puri Ubud di Kabupaten Gianyar mampu menjalin relasi yang lebih intensif dengan masyarakat, sehingga partai politik tidak pernah merekomendasikan tokoh di luar puri untuk maju dalam pemilihan umum, setidaknya sampai tahun 2012. Penelitian ini juga tidak menemukan kepentingan bisnis yang bersifat oligarkis dalam jabatan politik tokoh puri di Kabupaten Gianyar, meskipun wilayah ini merupakan wilayah pariwisata terbesar ketiga di Bali, selain Kabupaten Badung dan Kota Denpasar. Kecenderungan bias status dari kalangan puri dan nonpuri juga menjadi temuan penting dalam penelitian ini yang menunjukkan perbedaan perspektif terjadi secara nyata dalam memandang puri dari kalangan nonpuri dan sebaliknya. Kasus pseudohistori yang ditujukan untuk memperbaiki citra puri dalam kasus Puri Agung Klungkung juga menambahkan temuan penting dalam penelitian terkait peran politik puri dan strategi untuk mendapatkan jabatan politik praktis. Skripsi ini diharapkan mampu mengisi celah penelitian terkait politik lokal di Bali, khususnya dalam memahami peran politik puri di masa pasca-Orde Baru secara lebih kontemporer hingga mencakup tahun 2012. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian yang ada, secara keseluruhan puri masih menjadi entitas sosial penting yang memiliki kapabilitas khusus dalam memperoleh dukungan dan legitimasi dari masyarakat di kedua wilayah tersebut, meskipun berbeda secara karakter.

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Puri is an elite group identity which originated from Balinese royal family. Puri was formed since the Majapahit conquest of Bedahulu Kingdom in the 14th century. The Puri‟s social role still hitherto persists, albeit puri is no longer holds formal authority in local goverment. Generally, puri has three social roles which are substantial, there are (1) cultural role in arts preservation, mainly through vigorous development of tourism in Bali Island, (2) economic role which is related to community welfare under its influence, and (3) political role in directing certain figures and/or participating in local government through elections. Nevertheless, changing perspectives on puri in Balinese community in recent days and huge capability divergences among puri themselves render puri‟s roles being different from each other.

To deepen comprehension on puri‟s roles in Balinese society in post-New Order era, this research is scrutinized in two case studies in two different locations, namely Klungkung Regency and Gianyar Regency. Klungkung Regency is home to the Puri Agung Klungkung which is the oldest puri on the island of Bali. Gianyar Regency is home to three puris which are being research objects, namely Puri Agung Gianyar (Puri Gianyar) in Gianyar subdistrict, along with Puri Saren Ubud and Puri Agung Peliatan (Puri Ubud) in Ubud subdistrict. This research is designed to analyze political role of puri in Klungkung Regency and Gianyar Regency along with some factors affecting the so-called political role. Oligarchic theory, pseudohistorical, and elucidation of caste social relations in Balinese society become necessary to analyze the findings on this research. Through qualitative method, primary sources of this research which are based on in-depth interview with several puri and nonpuri figures provide the setting on this research, aside from secondary sources which bolster additional informations to comprehensively deepen understanding of puri.

The results of this research show that Puri Klungkung has weaker internal and external capacities in playing not solely political role, but also economic and cultural roles if collated with social roles of Puri Gianyar and Puri Ubud. Elite cohort of Puri Gianyar and Puri Ubud in Gianyar Regency is still able to maintain intensive relations with its people, hence political parties never recommend figures outside puri to join local elections, leastwise up to 2012. This research also finds no business interests in Gianyar Regency through political offices held by puri elites which seems like oligarchic, whereas this regency is the third most favorite tourist destinantion in Bali, after Badung Regency dan Denpasar City. The propensity of status bias from both puri and nonpuri elites also becomes an important finding on this research which shows different perspectives that occur apparently regarding puri through nonpuri and vice versa. Pseudohistorical cases which addressed for beautification attempts of puri‟s image in case of Puri Agung Klungkung also add important findings on political role and strategies of puri to achieve political offices.

At last, this thesis is expected to fill the gap on study of local politics in Bali, particularly in comprehension of puri‟s political role in post-New Order era contemporarily up to 2012. Based on existing research findings, overally puri is still an important social entity which has special capabilities to obtain support and legimation from its people in both locations, despite different characteristically."

"Ada dua peristiwa menarik yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum (Pemilu) tahun 2009 yang akan datang. Pertama diajukannya judicial review terhadap Undang-Undang No. 10 tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota DPR,DPRD I, DPRD II dan DPD oleh bbeberapa anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) di Mahkamah konstitusi....."

"Apu yang dapat kita saksikan sekarang OrdeBaru relah memanfaatkan produk-produk hukum yang dihasilkan dari keadaan darurat.Mereka telah menempuh jalur hukum berda-sarkan prinsip-prinsip yang masih disesuaikandengan keadaan darurat atau zaman kolonial.Dengan begitulah Orde Baru mempertahankandelik-delik politik di Indonesia. Selama ini taktak ada upaya mereka untuk menyempurnakanatau mengubahnya. KUHP sepenuhnya masihsebagai warisan kolonial. Artikel ini membahasdan menyoroti berbagai segi dari kejahatan po-lilik di Indonesia, baik segi yuridis maupun se-gi-segi non yuridis."