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"Though the South Indian slate of Andhra Pradesh isexperiencing transition to replacement level, notable fertilitydifferentials persist between the caste groups. Fertility has beenmuch higher among scheduled caste and scheduled tribes comparedto other caste groups. This paper examines the fertility differentialsamong caste groups in the context of characteristics and interactionhypotheses, using the second Indian National Family Health Surveydata. The results of multiple classification analysis on cumulativefertility and proportional hazard analysis on birth intervals show thatdifferentials between caste groups persist even after controlling forthe other socioeconomic and demographic variables. Further, theanalysis of interaction effects show that the caste effect is notconstant across the levels of other socioeconomic factors. In ruralareas and at the lower levels of education and standard of living,fertility is relatively high and scheduled castes and tribes havehigher fertility than ?other? caste. But this situation is reversedcompletely in urban areas and at the higher levels of socioeconomicstatus, where the level of fertility is not only low hut also scheduledcastes and tribes have lower fertility than ?other? castes. Thisindicates with the improvement of socioeconomic status, not onlywill fertility decline, but also the difference in fertility between castegroups will disappear."

"Meningkatnya angka prevalensi kontrascpsi telah memberikan kontribusi yang bosar bagi penurunan fertilitas yang mantap di Indonesia dan telah berhasil menekan Iaju pertumbuhan penduduk. Narnun tidak semua wanita marnpu mempertahankan ukuran keluarga yang mereka inginkan dengan konsisten. Hal ini mengakibatkan tingginya angka fertilitas tidak di Indonesia. Jika kelahiran anak yang tidak diinginkan dapat dicegah maka seharusnya angka fertilitas di Indonesia akan dapat ditunmkan hingga mencapai 2,2 anak per wanita pada tahun 2007 . Dengan menggunakan data Survei Dcmograii dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2007 (SDKI2007), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pendidikan memiliki peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi keputusan wanita untuk mengalami fenilitas tidak diinginkan. Semalcin tinggi pendidikan wanita semakin kecil peluangnya untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak. Pengaruh pendidikan wanita bekerja melalui penunman preferensi fertilitas, dimana mereka yang menginginkan anak lebih sedildt (0-2 anak) mempunyai peluang yang Iebih kccil untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan Sementara status bekerja wanita dan tingkat kekayaan rumah tangga tidak dapat menjelaskan pengaruh pendidikan terhadap keputusan wanita untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak Dimana wanita yang bekelja cenderung tmtuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan dan semakin tinggi tingkat kekayaan rumah tangga maka semakin cenderung untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan. Kemampuan wanita untuk mencegah fertilitas tidak diinginkan yang dilihat dari keoepatan wanita untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan tidak sepenuhnya dapat dijelaskan olch pendidikan wanita karena mereka yang bcrpendidikan SMP keatas berisiko lebih cepat untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan. Namun kecepatan wanita untuk mcngalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan lebih dapat dijelaskan oieh penurunan preferensi fertilitas dan status bekezja mereka dimana mereka yang menginginkan anak lebih sedikit berisiko lebih laznbat untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan demikian pula mereka yang bekerja bedsiko lebih Iambat untuk mengalami fertilitas tidak diinginkan. Selain itu semakin tinggi tingkat kekayaan rumah tangga semakin bcrisiko lebih lambat untuk mengalami ferlilitas yang tidak diinginkan.

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The increasing of contraceptive prevalence rate had a high contribution for sustain fertility decline in Indonesia Unfortimately, women’s control over reproduction is far from perfect, and, as a consequence, the number of unwanted reproductive events is substantial in Indonesia. If unwanted birth could be eliminated than total fertility rate in Indonesia would be 2,2 children per women rather than 2,6 children per women in 2007.

Using the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survei 2007 (IDHS 2007), this research find that women’s education is an important factor in iniluence women’s decision to have unwanted fertility. Women with lower levels of education are more likely to have unwanted fertility than women with higher education. The elfect of women’s education works through the decline of fertility preferences, which women who want large number of children are more likely to have unwanted fertility. While women’s working status and levels of household's wealth can't explain how women’s education work to women’s decision of having unwanted fertility. Which women with working status and women with higher levels of household’s wealth are more likely to have unwanted fertility.

Women's ability to avoid unwanted fertility, which in this research is from the women's speed to have unwanted fertility is clearly can’t explain by women education Women with secondary level of education are more risk to have unwanted fertility quickly than women with lower education. Women's ability are more clear to explain with the decline of fertility preferences and women's working status. Women who want large number of children are more risk to have unwanted fertility quickly and women with "not working status" are more risk to have unwanted fertility quicldy. While women with lower levels of household's wealth are more risk to have unwanted fertility quickly than women with higher levels of household's wealth."