Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Sejalan dengan upaya dekarbonisasi global menuju net zero emission, pemerintah mencanangkan arah pengembangan kelistrikan menuju energi hijau melalui program pengalihan bahan bakar diesel pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel (PLTD) menjadi bahan bakar ramah lingkungan atau yang dikenal dengan nama program dedieselisasi. Di antara bahan bakar yang dicanangkan adalah gas bumi. Pulau Nias menjadi salah satu perhatian pemerintah dalam program pemerataan akses listrik dan percepatan dedieselisasi PLTD melalui Keputusan Menteri ESDM No. 13K/13/MEM/2020 untuk melaksanakan penyediaan infrastruktur gas bumi ke Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mesin Gas (PLTMG) Nias. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan perbandingan skema logistik distribusi gas bumi dalam wujud Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) dan Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) melalui jalur laut dari wilayah Hub Arun LNG untuk mendapatkan biaya pengangkutan yang paling rendah. Skema logistik LNG meliputi LNG Carrier-Onshore Terminal, Mini Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU) dan LNG ISO Tank, sedangkan skema logistik CNG mencakup CNG Tube-Skid dan CNG Marine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biaya pengangkutan paling rendah diperoleh melalui moda LNG dengan skema LNG Carrier-Onshore Terminal, yaitu sebesar $5,18/MMBtu. Dari analisis sensitivitas diperoleh harga Indonesian Crude Price (ICP) dan volume pengangkutan merupakan faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap daya saing gas bumi dibandingkan bahan bakar diesel.

---

The Indonesian government has set policies of green energy in power generation to support global decarbonization issue towards net zero emissions. One of the policies is fuel-switching program of diesel fuel into natural gas (de-dieselization). Nias Island becomes one of the government's concerns for equitable access to electricity and accelerating the de-dieselization program through government’s decree to provide natural gas infrastructure for the Nias Gas Engine Power Plant (PLTMG). This research performed analysis of natural gas distribution logistics scheme by sea lane in the form of LNG and CNG from the Arun LNG Hub to look for the lowest transportation cost. The LNG logistics scheme includes LNG Carrier-onshore terminal, Mini FSRU and LNG ISO Tank, while the CNG logistics scheme includes CNG Tube-Skid and Marine CNG. The result of calculation shows that the lowest transportation cost is $5.18/MMBtu by using LNG Carrier-onshore terminal logistic scheme. The result of sensitivity analysis indicates that crude oil price and gas volume transported are important factors which determine natural gas competitiveness compared to diesel fuel."

"Empat sumur gas lapangan A memproduksi gas dan kondensat, setiap sumur memiliki kemampuan produksi yang berbeda. Optimasi kondensat dilakukan terhadap produksi kepala sumur di WHP dan proses stabilisasi pada unit kondensat stabilizer di FPSO. Perlu dilakukan uji penyaluran gas dan analisis nodal sumur untuk menentukan hubungan laju alir produksi kondensat yang optimum. Kondisi unit pemrosesan kondensat di FPSO juga mengalami perubahan umpan dan penurunan kinerja alat, hal ini perlu dilakukan simulasi optimasi dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak HYSYS versi legal yang diperoleh secara formal. Upaya optimasi produksi harus memperhatikan aspek kesehatan, keselamatan, keamanan dan lingkungan (K3L) kerja terkait bahaya gas beracun H2S dan gas mudah terbakar. Hal ini perlu dilakukan oleh tim yang professional dan tersertifikasi serta ditunjang oleh prosedur operasional yang baku. Uji laboratorium terhadap fluida sumur dan kondensat dilakukan oleh laboratorium yang terakreditasi oleh KAN (Komite Akreditasi Nasional) untuk memenuhi aspek teknis dan etika profesi. Berdasarkan hasil optimasi di area sumur saat ini produksi kondensat di 4469 bpd  dengan produksi sour gas 90 mmscfd. Sumur A1 direkomendasikan untuk di non aktifkan karena tumpukan kondensat (condensate banking). Sumur A2 dibatasi laju aliran gas dengan bukaan choke valve 24% dengan gas flowrate 15 mmscfd dan kondensat 672 bpd. Sumur A3 dengan bukaan choke valve di 47% gas flowrate 40 mmscfd, 2145 bpd kondensat dan sumur A4 dengan bukaan choke valve 50 % gas flowrate 35 mmscfd dan 1652 bpd kondensat.  Terkait optimasi pada unit kondensat stabilisasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu kerja reboiler optimal berada pada suhu 169°C. Pada laju umpan untreated kondensat 4469 bpd, hasil simulasi menghasilkan kondensat sebesar 4226 bpd pada suhu reboiler 169°C dan RVP sebesar 8,2 Psia. Kondisi aktual pabrik saat dilakukan proses dengan suhu reboiler 173°C, laju volume kondensat 4213 bpd, RVP 7,8 Psia. Perbedaan volume kondensat antara simulasi optimasi dan uji coba pabrik adalah 13 bpd, suhu menurun hingga 4°C, RVP sangat mendekati persyaratan pembeli yaitu < 9 Psia pada 7,8.

---

Gas field A have four wells that produced gas and condensate, each well has a different production capacity.Condensate optimization is carried out on the wellhead area in the WHP and the stabilization process in the Condensate Stabilizer Unit (CSU) in the FPSO. Gas delivery tests and well Nodal Analysis are required to determine the gas and condensate production flow rate relationship. The condition of the condensate processing unit in the FPSO also experienced changes in feed and decreased equipment performance, this needs to be optimized simulation using HYSYS legal software which is obtained formally . Production optimization activities must be followed to Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE) aspects related to the hazards of H2S toxic gas and flammable gas. This shall be performed by professional and certified team and supported by standard operational procedures. Laboratory tests of well fluids and condensates are carried out by laboratories accredited by KAN (National Accreditation Committee) to meet the technical and ethical aspects of the profession. Based on the optimization results in the current well area, condensate production is at 4469 bpd with sour gas production of 90 mmscfd. Well A1 is recommended to be deactivated due to condensate banking. Well A2 is limited to a gas flow rate of 24% with a gas flow rate of 15 mmscfd and 672 bpd of condensate. Well A3 with a choke valve opening of 47% with a gas flow rate of 40 mmscfd, 2145 bpd of condensate and well A4 with a choke valve opening of 50% with a gas flow rate of 35 mmscfd and 1652 bpd of condensate. Regarding the optimization of the condensate stabilization unit, it can be concluded that the optimal reboiler working temperature is at 169°C. At an untreated condensate feed rate of 4469 bpd, the simulation results produce condensate of 4226 bpd at a reboiler temperature of 169°C and an RVP of 8.2 Psia. The actual condition of the plant when the process is carried out with a reboiler temperature of 173°C, a condensate volume rate of 4213 bpd, and an RVP of 7.8 Psia. The difference in condensate volume between the optimization simulation and the plant trial is 13 bpd, the temperature decreases by 4°C, and the RVP is meet to the buyer's requirements of <9 Psia at 7.8. "

"Updated to cover new advances, this book introduces the natural gas industry to readers new to the field or those providing a narrow service who would benefit from an understanding of the overall process. The initial chapters give a brief overview of basic concepts applicable throughout the chemical processing industry. The second part addresses natural gas processing, following the gas stream from purchase at the wellhead to its entrance at the market place. Wherever possible, advantages, limitations, and ranges of applicability of various processes are discussed so that their integration into the overall gas plant can be fully appreciated."

"Kegiatan operasi serah terima LNG skema Cost Insurance and Freight dengan sistem alat ukur tangki terapung dinilai belum akurat, selamat, dan handal. Maka dilakukan studi kelaikan teknis sistem coriolis mass flow meter yang memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan sistem alat ukur tipe lainnya. Penggunaan sistem coriolis mass flow meter dengan akurasi ±0,015% dan ketidakpastian pengukuran ±0,050% dapat mengurangi losses energi yang diserahkan akibat akurasi alat ukur sebesar ±77 MMBtu atau ±0,003% dan losses akibat ketidakpastian pengukuran sebesar ±8.267 MMBtu atau ±0,28% untuk 1 (satu) kali pengapalan, serta meningkatkan risk ranking dari acceptable with control menjadi acceptable as is. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan losses dan Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis, sistem coriolis mass flow meter lebih akurat, selamat, dan handal dibandingkan sistem alat ukur tangki terapung.

---

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) custody transfer in Cost Insurance and Freight by using custody transfer measurement system is identified not accurate, safe, and reliable. Hence the engineering feasibility study of coriolis mass flow meter that has several advantages than others has been hold. The using of coriolis mass flow meter with accuracy about ±0,015% and uncertainty about ±0,050% can minimize losses of energy transferred that caused by accuracy of measurement about ±77 MMBtu or ±0,003% and losses that caused by uncertainty about ±8.267 MMBtu or ±0,28% for each shipping, then optimize risk ranking from acceptable with control into acceptable as is. Based on losses calculation and Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis, coriolis mass flow meter is more accurate, safe, and reliable compare with custody transfer measurement system."

"Program pembangunan jaringan pipa distribusi gas bumi untuk rumah tangga yang saat ini sedang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mensubsitusi penggunaan bahan bakar minyak ke gas bumi memiliki nilai yang sangat strategis. Karena dengan mengalihkan pengunaan bahan bakar minyak ke gas bumi akan memberikan dampak yang positif bagi masyarakat maupun pemerintah. Keuntungan yang akan diperoleh masyarakat adalah mendapatkan energi yang lebih bersih, ramah lingkungan, murah dan aman. Sedangkan dari sisi pemerintah dapat mengurangi beban subsidi yang saat ini mencapai Rp.48,2 Triliun. Namun, usaha ini belum maksimal karena masih kurangnya infrastruktur atau fasilitas penyaluran gas bumi ke konsumen. Oleh karena itu, dalam studi ini akan dilakukan simulasi proses jaringan pipa distribusi gas bumi untuk rumah tangga sebagai salah satu langkah awal pembangunan infrastruktur sistem distribusi gas bumi untuk rumah tangga. Studi kasus yang akan dilakukan adalah di wilayah Kota Pekanbaru, Bandar Lampung, Muara Enim dan Cilegon. Langkah-langkah yang akan dilakukan meliputi pengumpulan data dan analisis data, penetapan sumber pasokan gas bumi, penetapan kecamatan prioritas, simulasi dan analisa hasil simulasi, serta rekomendasi dan kesimpulan. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak sistem perpipaan. Hasil studi ini menghasilkan desain basis proses untuk jaringan pipa distribusi gas bumi dan dimensi pipa yang dibutuhkan untuk jaringan pipa distribusi gas bumi ini.

---

Program development natural gas distribution pipelines to households currently being done by the government for substitution oil fuel to natural gas has a very strategic value. Since the substitution of oil fuel usage to natural gas will have a positive impact for the society and government. Gains for society is getting more clean energy, environmental friendly, cheap and safe. While the government can reduce the burden of subsidies currently reached Rp.48.2 Trillion. However, these efforts are not maximized due to a lack of infrastructure or natural gas distribution facilities to consumers.

Therefore, in this study will be conducted process simulation of natural gas distribution pipelines to households as one of the first steps of infrastructure development of natural gas distribution system for households. Case studies will be done is in the city of Pekanbaru, Bandar Lampung, Muara Enim and Cilegon. The steps to be taken include data collection and analysis, determining the source of gas supply, setting priorities district, simulation and analysis, and recommendations and conclusions.

Simulations are conducted using the software pipeline system. The results of this study produced the basis design for the process of distribution pipelines and pipe dimensions required for natural gas distribution pipelines."