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"Rice farmers in Sidamukti, West Java plant several varieties of rice, sometimes planting twoor three varieties together in one plot of land. The decision to plant a specific variety is strongly influenced by farmers' agricultural knowledge, such as knowledge of varieties of rice, periods of maturation, tastes, characteristic of specific varieties, as well as knowledge of environmental conditions, including soil conditions, the need of fertilizer and seasonal changes. The author suggest that this knowledge, as a basis for decision making is at a pre-attentive stage that has become patterned, and its nearly or perhaps entirely out of conscious consideration. In fact, external situational factors operating at the start of planting play a dominant role in the decision to plant a specific variety of rice. A multitude of factors - such as pressure from village authorities to plant certain varieties in keeping with development programs; to supply of grain, fertilizers and water for irrigation; the desire to experiment, and the demands of landowners - often become significant determinants. The author arrives at the conclusion that studies of decision making processes that view knowledge systems as recipes or patterns for behavior must be supplemented by close observation and understanding the context and situation in which behavior is generated."

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"ABSTRACTBerbagai kasus kekerasan dalam institusi pendidikan di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun menunjukan peningkatan yang sangat signifikan. Institusipendidikan yang seharusnya bisa memberikan pengayoman dan perhatian serta kenyamanan bagi peserta didik ternyata belum sepenuhnya bisa dirasakan oleh sebagian peserta didik. Maraknya kasusperundungan (bullying) menjadi perhatian semua pihak baik pemerintah, masyarakat, lembaga pendidikan dan orang tua.Program Kurikulum Pendidikan Kesadaran Bela Negara dalam tulisan ini dimaksudkan sebagai upaya menanggulangi kasus perundungan yang terjadi di lembaga pendidikan di Indonesia. Program ini di inisiasi oleh Kemhan yang bekerjasama secara menyeluruh dan terpadu dengan berbagai pihak. Program ini dirancang dan didesain untuk menyampaikan pesan kepada semua seluruh elemen masyarakat bahwa maraknya kasus perundungan perlu penanganan yang sesegera mungkin, karena sudah sangat meresahkan semua pihak. Implementasi Pendidkan Kesadaran Bela Negara diharapkan mampu menjadi solusi dalam menanggulangi masalah-masalah yang terjadi di dunia pendidikan, termasuk tindakan perundungan yang kerap terjadi."

" According to the perspective of marketing, Islamic education institution is categorized as a non profit organization. It is an activity to serve students and stakeholders. Since principally the function of the institution to serve, therefore, the marketing strategy is done by: identification of the market, segmenting and positioning of the market, differentiating product, and marketing communication. Through implementing those strategies, an educational institution can compete with others. In other words, by implementing certain strategies, an educational institution can win the competition, especially in improving the number of students from year to year."