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"The self medication is an effort conducted by the community to cure their selves using medicine, traditional medicine or others without health proffesional advice. The aims of this study are to know healthy - illness concept, to know local language, symptoms, prevention and curation of headache, fever, cough and common cold and the self-medication practice on the village community.This study using qualitative design and data was collected by depth interviewing from 12 key informants at Ciwalen village, Warungkondang sub-district, Cianjur district, West Java in 1998. Key information are the chief of RT, the chief of RW, the teachers of elementary school, the health cadres and the housewives. Data were analyzed using triangulation methode and confirmating the interview result to the key informans. The conclussion of this study are: The healthy-illness concept does not only physical aspect, but also social culture aspect. The light illness - heavy illness concept depends on the physical condition of patient, the daily activity and the medication.The community use generally local language nyeri sirah for headache, muriang fot he fever, gohgoy for cpught and salesma for the common cold. The cause of illness is commonly their physical environment, include bacteria for the cought. The prevention of illness is generally conducted by avoiding its cause. The self medication practice generally use the medicine that were bought from the retail at their village, some of them use the traditional medicine.Reason of self-medication practice are light illnesss, inexpensive, time eficiency and as a first aid before going to the health proffesional or health center. The self-medication practice is improperly done, because the community mostly bought a small amount of medicine, so that the brochure of the medicine can not be read."

"The self-medication is an effort conducted by the community to cure theirselves using medicine, traditional medicine or others without health proffesional advice. The aims of this study are to know healthy ? illness concept, to know local language,symptoms, cause, prevention and curation of headache, fever, cough and commoncold, and the self- medication practice on the village community.This study using qualitative design and data was collected by depth interviewing from 12 key informans at Ciwalen village, Warungkondang sub-district, Cianjur district, West Java, in 1998. Key informans are the chief of RT, the chief of RW, the teachers of elementary school, the health cadres, and the housewives. Data were analyzedusing triangulation methode and confirmating the interview result to the key informans. The conclussion of this study are : The healthy-illness concept does not only physical aspect, but also social cultureaspect. The light illness - heavy illness concept depends on the physical condition of patient, the daily activity and the medication.The community use generally local language nyeri sirah for the headache, muriang for the fever, gohgoy for the cought and salesma for the common cold. The cause of illness is commonly their physical environment, include bacteria for the cought. The prevention of illness is generally conducted by avoiding its cause. The self medication practice generally use the medicine that were bought from the retail at their village, some of them use the traditional medicine. Reason of self-medication practice are light illness, inexpensive, time eficiency, and as a first aid before going to the health proffesional or health center. The selfmedication practice is improperly done, because the community mostly bought a small amount of medicine, so that the brochure of the medicine can not be read."

"Pengobatan alternatif denganjumlah dan nama yang beragam merupakan realita yang ada di masyarakatsejak dahulu. Keberadan pengobatan alternatif di masyarakat memang pada masa pembangunan yang mementingkan layanan sarana seperti Puskesmas dan Posyandu sepertitidakterdengar. Pendirian sarana kesehatanoleh pemerintah yang selama bertahun-tahun dilakukan untuk menjangkau masyarakat agar dapat menjangkau akses layanan kesehatan ternyata tidak menyebabkan keberadaan pengobatan alternatif hilang. Krisis moneter yang berlangsung pada tahun 1997 merupakan contoh bagaimana keberadan pengobatan alternatif justru berkembang dan populer. Di tengah perkemangandan popularitas pengobatan-pengobatan alternatif yang adaternyata ada sebuah pengobatan yang dalam perkembangannya didasari oleh semangatuntuk menjalankan kembali ajaran-ajaran Islam. Semangat untuk mempromosikan ajaran Islam dalam bidang pengobatankepada masyarakatinilahyangdapat menjadi motivasiuntukterus bertahan dan berkembang. Pengobatan itu adalah bekam.Dalam penelitian ini, Bekam dan Ruqyah Center (BRC) Jakarta merupakan contoh sebuah lembaga pengobatan yang mendasarkan pengobatannya dengan klaim sebagai lembaga yang melaksanakanpengobatan sesuai sunnah ajaran Islam. Niat ini nampaknya cukupberalasan, sebab BRC bukan hanya sekedar hadir di masyarakat tetapijuga sebagai wujud dan upaya mereka untuk menjadi lawanpengobatan yang menurut mereka tidak Islami dan menyimpang dari ajaran Islam. Peneliti mendapatkan bahwa dalam perkembangannya mereka melakukan suatu upaya inovasi yang dalamcontoh dalam tiga informan bukan hanya mampu mendapat pasien pelanggan dari kalangan Muslim saja, namun juga kalangan non-muslim sebagai pasien setia mereka.Alternative medicine with varying number and its name is a reality inthe society. The availability of alternative treatment in the community was at the time of development that emphasizes services of healthfacilities by the government over the years done to reach the public in order to reach access to health services does not make the existence of alternative medicine is lost. The monetary crisis which took place in 1997 is an example of how the existence ofalternative medicinebecame popular. In the popularity of some alternative treatments for some people there is one of them which has a spirit to promote Islamic teachings in the field of the treatment. That spirit take a momentwhen reformation era which jus has started and always show their existence in society. The treatment is bekam (cupping).

Research study by mein Bekam and Ruqyah Center (BRC) in Jakarta in this case is an example of an institution that bases its treatment with bekam. As an institutionwhichclaimsimplementappropriatetreatment Sunnah Islamic teachings seems quite reasonable, becausethe BRC is not just present in society but also as beings and their attempts to become the opposite treatment that they think is un-Islamic and deviated from Islamic teachings. Researchers found that in their efforts to promote bekam assharia are not only able to receive patients from Muslim customers, but also among non-Muslims as their patients."

"Dalam banyak penerapannya, penggunaan sistem peresepan elektronik (computerized physician order entry, CPOE) dalam penulisan resep terbukti mampu menurunkan angka kesalahan peresepan obat (adverse drug event, ADE). Kesalahan pengobatan seperti kekeliruan penulisan nama obat, penentuan dosis, dan penggunaan jenis obat yang tepat untuk pasien dengan kondisi kesehatan tertentu di pelayanan kesehatan dapat ditekan. Namun, CPOE masih memiliki kelemahan seperti tambahan waktu untuk mengentri data pasien oleh para dokter ke dalam sistem. Untuk mengevaluasi dampak persepsi pengguna tentang penerapan CPOE terhadap keselamatan pengobatan pasien, suatu penelitian kualitatif telah dilakukan di Gadjah Mada Medical Health Center yang telah mengadopsi sistem ini selama sepuluh tahun. Data dan informasi dikumpukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap sembilan dokter (tujuh dokter umum dan dua dokter spesialis) sebagai informen pengguna CPOE menggunakan pedoman wawancara, alat perekam suara, buku catat, dan daftar centang observasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sepuluh tahun CPOE telah mampu meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pelayanan kesehatan, tetapi potensi ADE masih terjadi akibat gangguan komunikasi pasien-dokter karena perlunya waktu tambahan untuk entri data. Disimpulkan bahwa sistem CPOE belum mampu mendukung pengambilan keputusan untuk mencegah ADE dalam pengobatan pasien.

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In most of its applications, Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) has been improved patient safety by reducing medication errors and subsequent adverse drug events (ADEs). Medication error such as elixir in writing, determination of dose, and correct drug type used for patient with certain health condition in health services can be reduced. But, the CPOE still has some weknesses such as additional time to entry the patient information by physician to the sistem. To evaluate the impact of end-user perception using CPOE sistem on patient safety medication, a qualitative research has been conducted at Gadjah Mada Medical Health Center which has adopted this sistem for ten years. Data and informations were collected by in-depth interviewing nine physicians (seven general docters and two specialists) as end-user informen using interview guide, tape recorder, notebook, and checklist observation tools. The results show that ten year CPOE implemention has improved the effectiveness and efficiency of medical health care, but potential adverse drug event (ADE) such as drug precription errors still occur as a result of patient-physician communication distraction due to additional time for data entry. It is concluded that CPOE sistem has not been able to support decision to prevent the ADEs in patient medication."