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"Fokus penelitian ini adalah aktivitas penggunaan media sebagai alat propaganda kelompok teror Al Qaeda. Al Qaeda pada awalnya menggunakan media televisi Al Jazeera sebagai senjata penyebaran pesannya untuk meningkatkan dukungan terhadap aktivitas perjuangan jihad melawan Barat. Penelitian ini menjelaskan kegiatan propaganda apa saja yang dilakukan Al Qaeda yang telah dilakukan bersama Al Jazeera sampai dimana Al Qaeda membutuhkan pembaharuan dalam strategi propagandanya terkait penggunaan media dikarenakan faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal kelompok. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fungsi media yang diharapkan Al Qaeda untuk menjadi sarana penyampaian pesan kelompok memang mengalami perkembangan karena mengecilkan ruang gerak kelompok ini sehingga pada tahun 2004 terjadi perubahan penggunaan media.

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The thesis discusses the activity of Al Qaeda in using media as its terror propaganda tool. Firstly, Al Qaeda used the television channel like Al Jazeera as a message spreading instrument in order to increase the support of its fighting against the West. This research describes the propaganda activities from what Al Qaeda has done through Al Jazeera to the innovation needs to improve its propaganda strategies related to the use of media because of some internal and external factors. The result of this research shows the expectation of Al Qaeda in using media. Al Qaeda needs media as its means of delivering the group message. During its development, the use of media has restricted the group's movement and finally in 2004 Al Qaeda changed its propaganda media. "

"Tesis ini membahas dengan studi kasus (case study) atas penyebaran pengaruh al-Qaeda kepada gerakan teroris di Indonesia dengan penelitian kualitatit Al-Qaeda adalah gerakan perlawanan terhadap Amerika dan Yahudi yang dibentuk oleh Osama bin Laden. Pokok masalah yang dibahas dalam tesis ini adalab: Pertama, apa karakteristik gerakan al-Qaeda? Kedua, mengapa gerakan al-Qaeda menyebarkan pengaruhnya ke Indonesia? dan Ketiga, Bagaimana prospek pengaruh al-Qaeda di Indonesia. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Deprivasi Relatif (Relative Deprivation) dengan pola Deprivasi Dekremental (Decremental Deprivation). Teori ini mengutip dari Ted Robert Gurr (1971) yang memaknai sebagai kesenjangan negatif antara ekspektasi (legitimate) dan aktualitas atau Nilai Harapan dan Nilai Kemampuan. Harapan akan terciptanya keadilan tidak tampak secara nyata di dunia. Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan Indonesia mengalami penurunan Kapabilitas Nilai, sementara itu Nilai Harapan untuk terciptanya keadilan bersifat konstan. Kesenjangan itu, melahirkan konflik antara keduanya.

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This thesis describes a case study (case study) on the spread of the influence of al-Qaeda to terrorist movements in Indonesia with qualitative research. Al~Qaeda is a resistance movement against the Americans and Jews formed by Osama bin Laden. Main issues discussed in this thesis are: First, what characteristics of the movement of al-Qaeda? Second. why the movement of al-Qaeda to spread its influence to Indonesia? and Third, How does the prospect of al-Qaeda influence in Indonesia. The theory used is the Relative Deprivation theory (Relative Deprivation) with the pattern of deprivation Dekremental (Decremental Deprivation). This theory quotes from Ted Robert Gurr (1971) is interpreted as a negative gap between the expectation of legitimate and the actuality or expectation value and the value of ability. Hopes for the creation of justice did not seem significant in the world. The United States Government and Indonesia Capability value decreased, while the value of hope for the creation of justice is constant. Gap, gave birth to a conflict between the two."

"This article tries to explain two things. Firstly, the relations between the terrorist movements operating in United States and those working in the region of Southeast Asia. In the search, if is found that the second links itself to the first through the training done in Afghanistan, in the time of Cold War, when the Mujahiddins armed themselves to fight against Sovyet invasion. The spirit of defending Islam was thus imparted from the first to the second. The global war on terrorism fro United States was, consequently, also covering Southeast Asia. Secondly, this paper also tries to] describe the responses from the states in this region in handling the antiterrorism campaign fro United States. The different responses emerge when the Muslim-dominated countries in this region, -, like Indonesia, which also need to consider the domestic political dynamics in accepting United] States' proposals, are compared to those which have a long historical relations in security] cooperation with United States, like Phillipines and Thailand."

"Disertasi ini membahas Representasi Al Qaeda, Strategi naratif Lawrence Wright dalam Narasi Apologi The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 911. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menunjukkan strategi naratif yang membangun representasi Al Qaeda dan memperlihatkan aspek retorika (pathos, ethos, logos) yang mengonstruksi apologi melalui pendekatan representasi Stuart Hall dan retorika Kenneth Burke. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Al Qaeda direpresentasikan sebagai sebuah identitas yang ambigu melalui representasi tokoh-tokoh serta tindakan-tindakan mereka: di satu pihak TLT membela dan memperlihatkan upaya pemahaman dengan menyampaikan sebab-sebab tindakan radikal, di pihak lain mengukuhkan citra Islam yang negatif seperti dimitoskan oleh Barat. Representasi identitas Al Qaeda juga dikonstruksi oleh sikap-sikap AS melalui kebijakan terhadap Timur Tengah dan dunia Muslim. Aspek retorika menimbulkan empati dan menyampaikan alasan-alasan yang melatarbelakangi tindakan Al Qaeda sehingga teks ini terlihat membela Al Qaeda. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa TLT merupakan narasi apologi yang juga ditunjang oleh teknik jurnalisme sastrawi, dan menampilkan "kenyataan" dengan memberikan "suara" pada tokoh-tokoh marjinal sehingga memberikan kesan nyata yang berdampak pada semakin dekatnya jarak antara teks dengan pembaca. Apologi dalam TLT ditunjukkan pula oleh representasi tokoh-tokoh sebagai korban dalam alur pengkhianatan, dehumanisasi, dan penghinaan terhadap tokoh oleh penguasa Mesir dan AS. Namun demikian, dalam TLT ditemukan pula bias ideologi pengarang sebagai orang Amerika yang terlihat dari penggunaan jargonjargon Barat dalam mendefinisikan Islam dan Al Qaeda dari perspektif Barat.

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This dissertation discusses the Representation of Al Qaeda and Narrative Strategies in Lawrence Wright's Narrative Apologetic, The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. The purpose of this study is to show narrative strategies in the representation of Al Qaeda and rhetorical aspects (pathos, ethos, logos) in constructing aspects of apology by using representation theory of Stuart Hall and Kenneth Burke's rhetoric. The results show that Al Qaeda represented as a complex identity in the representation of the characters and their actions: on the one hand TLT defends Al Qaeda by understanding the causes of radical actions, on the other hand it confirms the negative image of Islam in the Western myth. The identity of Al Qaeda is also constructed by the United States policies towards the Middle East and the Muslim world. Aspects of rhetoric raise empathy and convey the reasons behind the actions of Al Qaeda so that the text tends to defend Al Qaeda. The narrative apologetic in TLT is supported by literary journalism techniques, portraying the "reality" by giving "voice" to the marginalized figures that give a real impression in proximity between the text and the reader. The aspects of apology in TLT are also indicated by the representation of the characters as victims in the plot of betrayal, dehumanization, and humiliation by the Egyptian and the United States authorities. Nevertheless, The author's ideological bias as an American is revealed in the use of western jargon in defining Islam and Al Qaeda from a Western perspective."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memahami seberapa efektifkah strategi Far Enemy yang diterapkan Al Qaeda dan Jaringannya melawan Amerika Serikat, NATO dan Sekutunya dalam Perang Asimetrik di Afghanistan dan Irak antara 2001-2011. Juga ingin menjelaskan fungsi strategi Perang Gerilyawan Kota dan taktik Swarming dalam penerapan strategi Far Enemy tersebut. Akhirnya, akan dibuktikan apakah dalam terorisme abad modern, kuatnya jaringan kelompok sempalan dan sel teroris, yang didukung penguasaan teknologi informasi, adalah syarat mutlak dalam menerapkan strategi Far Enemy. Tesis ini memakai metode kwalitatif dengan pembahasan persoalan secara deskriptif analisis. Dilakukan dengan meneliti studi kepustakaan, menganalisa bacaan dalam pengumpulan data dan membandingkan pendapat pro dan kontra dengan hipotesa yang dipilih. Keberhasilan Al Qaeda menerapkan dengan jitu teori perang Sun Tzu, yakni memperlemah kekuatan ekonomi lawan dengan memperpanjang perang, bersumber pada penguasaan terhadap budaya politik Afghanistan, dan sokongan kuat kelompok pemberontak Taliban dan suku Pashtun berdasarkan Pashtunwali Code (Hukum Pashtunwali).

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The focus of this study is to understand the effectiveness of the Far Enemy strategy to Al Qaeda and its network in the asimetric war against United States, NATO and allies in Afghanistan and Irak, 2001-2011. It will also explain the choice of Urban Guerrilla Warfare and its Swarming tactic by Al Qaeda. In the end, we can come to the assumption of the importance of information technology and political culture dominance by a strong network to apply the Far Enemy strategy in modern terrorism.

This research used qualitative methods with analytical descriptive analysis. Referring to the Art of War theory by Sun Tzu, Al Qaeda has shown its capability of prolonging the war in Afghanistan and Irak, to weaken its opponents economy and human resources. Such dominance over the conflict owes much to the Pashtunwali Code, which is honored by the Taliban and Pashtun tribe."

"Tesis ini membahas penerapan prinsip smart power di dalam strategi militer AS terhadap al-Qaeda, kelompok afiliasi, dan pendukungnya di Afghanistan dan Pakistan, periode 2009-2012. Analisis dalam tesis ini menggunakan dasar pemikiran konsep strategi dan prinsip smart power. Kajian literatur dalam penelitian ini menemukan sejumlah faktor-faktor di dalam perumusan kebijakan keamanan nasional yang mempengaruhi perubahan strategi militer AS terhadap al-Qaeda.

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This thesis explains on the application of smart power principles on the US Military Strategy against al-Qaeda, its affiliates, and adherents, in Afghanistan and Pakistan, period 2009-212. The analysis applied, is based on the strategy and smart power concept. The literature review exposes several factors in the security decision making process which results into the development of the US? Military Strategy towards al-Qaeda."

"Dr. Azahari adalah anggota Al-Jamaah Al-Islamiyah (Al-JI) sejak tahun 1993. Ia berperan sebagai perakit bom dan menjadi salah satu aktor intelektual peledakkan bom yang dilakukan Al-JI di Indonesia. Bom karya Dr. Azahari memiliki ciri khusus yang dikenal sebagai bom signature. Hal ini membuat pakar bom mudah mengidentifikasi dan mengenali bom buatannya. Dr. Azahari sempat mengajarkan beberapa anggota Al-JI, bahkan telah membukukan serta menyebarkan tentang cara membuat bom. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori McClelland dan Teori Pilihan Rasional. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengantisipasi ancaman-ancaman yang muncul berdasarkan kasus Dr. Azahari bersama Al-JI. Metode penelitian yaitu metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yakni studi literatur, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Untuk memeriksa keabsahan data, peneliti menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dr. Azahari menjadi pelaku teror karena menghadapi masalah dan pengaruh lingkungannya. Aksi teror yang melibatkan Dr. Azahari selalu menggunakan pilihan rasional dan dapat dikenali oleh aparat melalui modus operandi, salah satunya bom signature. Ciri khusus bom signature dianalisis melalui komponen dan rancangan bom. Selain itu, bom signature dibuat dari bahan-bahan baku yang mudah didapat dan bertujuan untuk mendapat pengakuan (Need of Achievement). Kasus Dr. Azahari membuktikan bahwa individu yang berpendidikan tinggi dapat terekrut kelompok teroris dan menghasilkan aksi teror yang berdampak signifikan. Hal-hal yang perlu diantisipasi karena menjadi bukti ancaman, yakni: radikalisasi atau perekrutan kelompok teroris dapat terjadi di lembaga Pendidikan dan lembaga keagamaan; perubahan sikap individu yang menarik diri dari keterlibatan sosial dan suka menyendiri; penyalagunaan fasilitas kampus untuk kegiatan terorisme; adanya bom sekunder pada aksi teror; penggunaan media online untuk kegiatan terorisme; kemudahan mendapatkan bahan-bahan yang dapat dijadikan bom.

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Dr. Azahari was a member of the Al-Jamaah Al-Islamiyah (Al-JI) since 1993 and was one of the intellectual actors of the bombings conducted by Al-JI in Indonesia. His role in the organization was as a bombmaker. Dr. Azaharis bombs had unique characteristics, which is known as a signature bomb. This allowed bomb experts to easily identify his work. Dr. Azahari once taught several Al-JI members, and even made a book on bombmaking and distributed it. The Motivation Theory by McClelland and the Rational Choice Theory will be used to explain and analyze the findings of this research. The findings were collected using a qualitative method through literature studies, interviews, and document studies, which were validated using the triangulation technique. This research discovered that Dr. Azahari became terrorist because he had to face several issues and was influenced by his environment. The terrorism acts that involved Dr. Azahari always used rational choices and were able to be recognized by the officers through his modus operandi, among others is the signature bomb. The unique characteristics of the signature bomb were analyzed through its components and design. Furthermore, the signature bomb was made from materials that were easy to obtain and was used to gain recognition (Need of Achievement). Dr. Azaharis case proves that high-educated individuals can still be recruited by terrorist groups and conduct significant terrorism act Other aspects that need to be anticipated because it could become a threat are: radicalization or recruitment of terrorist groups can occur in an educational or religious institution; the behavior change of an individual who withdraws him or herself from social environment and prefers to be alone; misuse of the universitys facilities for terrorism activities; the existence of a secondary bomb during a terrorism act; the use of online media for terrorism acts; the ease of obtaining materials for making bombs."