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"Salah satu aspek untuk mendukung upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan adalah pengetahuan mengenai aspek biologi. Ketersediaan data aspek biologi memiliki arti penting sebagai upaya kajian pengelolaan sumber daya ikan tuna sirip kuning di Samudera Hindia. Aspek biologi reproduksi ikan tuna tuna sirip kuning merupakan permasalahan yang penting diteliti, dengan melalui pola pertumbuhan, faktor kondisi dan masa pemijahan. Sampel ikan tuna sirip kuning diperoleh dari Pelabuhan Benoa-Bali. Data panjang-berat, fekunditas dan nilai kematangan gonad diolah dengan menggunakan analisis fungsi regresi. Hasil pengamatan sampel (870 ekor) pada bulan April dan Mei 2011, panjang cagak rata-rata >130 cm dengan faktor kondisi rata-rata 1,00. Indeks kematangan gonad tertinggi 1,3 %. Ikan tuna sirip kuning di Samudera Hindia dinyatakan pernah mengalami pemijahan, namun belum siap untuk kembali melakukan pemijahan. Dari fungsi regresi menggambarkan pengaruh yang nyata dan keeratan yang tinggi (95 %) pertambahan panjang terhadap pertambahan berat ikan tuna sirip kuning di Samudera Hindia. Selanjutnya, pertambahan berat ikan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap fekunditas, sedangkan berat gonad memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap nilai kematangan gonad dengan keeratan yang tinggi (88 %).

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One aspect to support the management of fish resources is knowledge about the biological aspects. Data availability of iological aspects has significance as an effort to management study the fish resources of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean. Reproductive biology aspects of yellowfin tuna is an important problem that was studied, with the pattern of growth, condition factor and spawning time. Yellowfin tuna fish samples obtained from the Benoa Fishing Port, Bali. Length-weight data, fecundity and gonad maturity value processed using regression analysis function. The results of sample observations (870 head) in April and May 2011, the average fork length >130 cm with an average condition factor of 1.00. The highest gonad maturity index was 1.3%. Yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean have experienced otherwise spawning, but not yet ready to return to spawning. From the regression function describes a real influence and high closeness (95%) of fish length against weight of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the added fish weight does not give significant effect on fecundity, whereas gonad weight while providing a noticeable effect of the gonad maturity with a high closeness (88%)."

"Kabupaten Pulau Morotai berada pada tiga Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Nasional Republik Indonesia yaitu WPPNRI 715, WPPNRI 716 dan WPPNRI 717. Potensi Ikan Madidihang di perairan Pulau Morotai cukup besar namun belum dikelola secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk menganalisis status pemanfaatan, status pengelolaan dan menyusun strategi pengelolaan Ikan Madidihang secara berkelanjutan. Hasil analisis metode surplus produksi Model Fox dalam 10 (sepuluh) tahun (2009-2018), nilai maximum sustainable yield (MSY) sebesar 8.657,679 kg per tahun dengan effort maksimal 42.429 trip per tahun. Tingkat pemanfaatan dalam kategori rendah sebesar 12,23% per tahun. Hasil analisis dengan RAPFISH (The Rapidly Apprasial for Fisheries) menunjukan bahwa tingkat keberlanjutan multidimensi pengelolaan Madidihang berada pada kategori cukup berkelanjutan dengan nilai indeks sebesar 60,82. Dimensi etika yang paling berpengaruh pada status pengelolaan. Hasil analisis AHP (Analytical Hirearchy Process), strategi pengelolaan berkelanjutan berdasarkan tingkat prioritas adalah peningkatan kualitas sarana penangkapan.

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The location of Morotai Island Regency is in the three National Fisheries Management Areas of the Republic of Indonesia, namely WPPNRI 715, WPPNRI 716, and WPPNRI 717. The potential of Yellowfin Tuna in the waters of Morotai Island is quite large but has not been managed yet optimally. The research purpose is to analyze of utilization status, management status, and trying to develop strategies for managing Yellofin Tuna sustainability. The results of the analysis by using the Fox Model production surplus method in ten years (2009-2018) show that the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) value of 8,657,679 kg per year with a maximum effort of 42,429 trips per year and the utilization  rate in the low category is 12.23% per year. Furthermore, the results of the analysis with RAPFISH (The Rapidly Appraisal for Fisheries) describe the multidimensional level of Yellowfin Tuna management is in a fairly sustainable category with an index value of 60.82. The ethical dimension that has the most influence on management status. AHP (Analytical Hirearchy Process) analysis result are concern in sustainability management based on grade of priority, and the result is quality of catching facilities improvement."

"Ikan tongkol lurik Euthynnus affinis, (Scombridae) merupakan ikan besar yang banyak tertangkap di perairan Laut Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi sebaran ukuran ikan tongkol, panjang pertama kali tertangkap, hubungan panjang-berat, pola pertumbuhan, kebiasaan makanan, nisbah kelamin, Tingkat Kematangan Gonad (TKG), Indeks Kematangan Gonad, fekunditas dan diameter telur ikan tongkol yang didaratkan di PPI Labuan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Mei, Juni, dan September 2012.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran frekuensi panjang cagak ikan tongkol yang ditangkap berkisar 38-69 cm ( x = 50 cm). Ukuran pertama kali tertangkap 47,8 cm dengan panjang cagak ikan yang paling banyak tertangkap berkisar 49-51 cm. Hubungan panjang-berat ikan tongkol bersifat allometrik negatif. Ikan tongkol memakan ikan pelagis kecil, cumi dan teri. Nisbah kelamin antara ikan jantan : betina (1:1,4). Tingkat Kematangan Gonad ikan termasuk TKG III dan IV hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan dalam masa pemijahan. Indeks Kematangan Gonad rata-rata adalah 4,55%. Faktor kondisi berkisar antara 1,38-2,22. Fekunditas telur berkisar antara 852.000 - 2.056.609 butir dengan rata-rata 1.352.382 butir. Sedangkan diameter telur berkisar 1,28 - 1,8 mm.

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Eastern little tuna Euthynnus affinis (Scombridae) is a pelagic fish which caught excessively in the Java Sea waters. The objective of this research is to determine the composition of these tuna size distribution, lenght at first capture, length-weight relationship, growth pattern, food content, sex ratio, gonad maturity level, gonado stomatic index, fecundity and eggs with diameter of their kind of fish caught and landed in PPP Labuan. Sampling was conducted in May, June and September 2012.The results showed that the frequency distribution of fork lenght caught ranged 38-69 cm (x =50 cm). Size of lenght at first capture is 47.8 cm and most of them ranging from 49-51 cm. Length-weight relationship is allometric negative. The food of this fish species are small pelagic fish, squid and anchovies. Sex ratio the male: female (1:1.4). Gonad maturity level of fish at TKG III and IV indicating that the fishes are in the spawning seasons. Gonad Maturity Index is 4.55%. The condition factor ranged from 1.38 to 2.22. Fecundity ranged from 852,000 - 2,056,609 eggs (average 1,352,382 eggs). While the eggs diameter ranged from 1.28 to 1.8 mm."

"Tuna mata besar merupakan komoditas ekspor. Di PPN Palabuhanratu tuna merupakan hasil tangkapan dominan. Jenis tuna yang terbanyak didaratkan adalah tuna mata besar. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai status perikanan tuna mata besar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode sampling bertujuan. Jumlah sampel tuna mata besar sebanyak 397 ekor diambil secara acak pada armada longline yang siap melakukan bongkar. Analisis data menggunakan surplus produksi dan Model Von Bertallanfy Growth Function. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas tuna mata besar yang didaratkan di PPN Palabuhanratu mengalami kecenderungan yang meningkat. Pola pertumbuhan tuna mata besar bersifat allometrik negatif dengan bentuk tubuh kurang pipih. Tuna mata besar yang tertangkap sudah berumur sekitar 2 tahun dan sudah mengalami fase pemijahan. Tingkat pemanfaatan tuna mata besar sudah padat tangkap (82,43 %), sedangkan tingkat pengusahaan sudah lebih tangkap (104,21 %).

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Bigeye Tuna is an export commodity. Tuna is the predominant catches in PPN Palabuhanratu. Species of tuna that ever landed was a bigeye tuna. Therefore, need to do studies about the status of the bigeye tuna. Data collection is conducted by purposive sampling. The number of bigeye tuna samples are 397 taken at random on the longline fleet ready unloaded. Data analysis using the surplus production and Von Bertallanfy Growth Model funcion.

The results showed that the productivity of the bigeye tuna landed in PPN Palabuhanratu experiencing an upward trend. Bigeye tuna pattern of growth is negative allometrik with less flattened body shape. Bigeye tuna caught about 2 years old and has been through a phase of spawning. Utilization rate of bigeye tuna is already intense capture (82.43%), while the rate of operation already overfishing (104.21%)."

"Ikan tongkol abu (Thunnus tonggol) merupakan salah satu spesies ikan pelagis penting yang banyak ditemukan di perairan Indo-Pasifik, hidup di daerah neritik, sehingga dikhawatirkan rentan terhadap overfishing. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan eksplorasi faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan aspek reproduksi, morfometri dan makanan sebagai langkah awal untuk mendapatkan data yang nantinya dapat dijadikan dasar dalam pengelolaan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ikan tongkol abu (Thunnus tonggol) yang ditangkap di Laut Jawa (morfometrik : panjang, berat, ukuran pertama kali tertangkap), reproduksi (perkembangan gonad dan fekunditas) serta jenis makanan. Contoh ikan diperoleh dari ikan yang didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Karangsong Indramayu pada bulan April-Mei 2012 sebanyak 164 ekor, ditangkap menggunakan gillnet dengan ukuran mata jaring 4 inchi dan kapal dengan ukuran 30-70 GT yang beroperasi di sekitar Laut Jawa. Ikan diukur panjang dan beratnya, dibedah untuk menentukan morfometri (panjang dan berat), reproduksi (Perkembangan gonad dan fekunditas) dan makanannya. Hasil perhitungan panjang berat ikan tongkol abu (Thunnus tonggol) bersifat alometrik negatif. Nisbah kelamin menunjukkan bahwa antara ikan tongkol abu betina dengan ikan tongkol abu jantan sama banyaknya dengan perbandingan 1:1,34. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad, pada bulan April 2012 ikan sedang mengalami TKG I, II, III dan IV sedangkan pada bulan Mei 2012 ikan yang tertangkap sebagian besar sedang mengalami TKG IV dan ada beberapa yang telah mengalami pemijahan (spent). Fekunditas telur ikan tongkol abu berkisar antara 252.000- 4.138.285 butir. Panjang pertama kali tertangkap 47,6 cm sedangkan ikan yang pertama kali bertelur pada panjang 42,5 cm. Isi lambung ikan tongkol abu yang diteliti adalah ikan teri, karena tergolong predator.

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Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is one of the important pelagic fish species that are found in the Indo-Pacific waters, living in the neritic habitats, so feared vulnerable to overfishing. It is necessary to explore importants biological factors supporting the sustainable fisheries management of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) population from Java Sea. The objective of this research is to study the reproductive biology, morfomethry and food of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) from Java Sea. A total of 164 samples were taken from fish captured in Java Sea and landed by fish landing centre Karangsong, Indramayu, West Java at April until May 2012, fishing gear gillnet with 4 inch hole. Fish length and weight were measured, dissected to determine morphometry (length and weight), reproduction (gonad development and fecundity) and food. The results of the calculation of the length weight of lontail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is negative Allometric. Sex ratio showed between males longtail tuna with females longtail tuna as the ratio of 1:1,34. Longtail tuna in Java Sea had a lenght at first captured (Lc) 47,6 cm but mature stage for 42,5 cm. Food of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) is anchovy becaused this species is predator."

"Tingginya permintaan pasar terhadap ikan cakalang mengakibatkan aktivitas penangkapannya dilakukan secara terus-menerus sepanjang tahun sehingga dapat mengancam kelestariannya. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui distribusi frekuensi panjang ikan cakalang secara temporal dan menganalisis tingkat selektivitas alat tangkap purse seine pelagis besar di fishing ground Samudera Hindia bagian timur. Data yang digunakan adalah data panjang cagak ikan cakalang selama Januari s/d Desember 2016 yang didaratkan di PPS Nizam Zachman Jakarta. Analisis data frekuensi panjang dilakukan dengan membandingkan sebaran individu ikan dalam bentuk histogram, dan analisis selektivitas dengan metode skoring berdasarkan komposisi hasil tangkapan, persentase hasil tangkapan layak tangkap dan membandingkan nilai Lc dan Lm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada bulan juli sampai oktober distribusi frekuensi panjang cagak cakalang terbanyak pada rentang kelas 40-45 cm dengan panjang rata-rata 43 cm atau diatas nilai Lm (42,9 cmFL). Sedangkan pada bulan november sampai juni distribusi frekuensi panjang cagak cakalang berada pada nilai dibawah nilai Lm. Panjang ikan cakalang pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) diperoleh nilai 40,83 cmFL dibawah nilai pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) sebesar 42,9 cmFL. Hasil tangkapan utama purse seine pelagis besar selama penelitian yaitu ikan cakalang 42,6% dan hasil tangkapan sampingan sebesar 57,4%. Jumlah cakalang layak tangkap sebesar 26%, sehingga berdasarkan analisis selektivitas, selektivitas alat tangkap purse seine pelagis besar di perairan Samudera Hindia bagian timur memiliki selektivitas rendah.

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The high market demand for skipjack tuna has resulted in its catching activities continuously throughout the year so can be threaten its sustainability. The objectives of this research are to know the temporal length frequency distribution of skipjack tuna and to analyze the level of selectivity of large pelagic purse seine in the Eastern Indian Ocean fishing ground. The data used were length data of skipjack tuna wich unloaded during January to December 2016 at Nizam Zachman Jakarta Fishing Port. Length frequency data analysis was done descriptively by comparing the distribution of individual fish in the form of histogram, whereas the selectivity analysis done by scoring method based on the catch composition, the capture catch percentage and compare the Lc and Lm values.

The results of this research showed that in July to October, highest distribution of the length frequency of skipjack tuna was in the 40-45 class range, with average length value was higher than Lm value of 43 cmFL and 42.9 cmFL, respectively. While from November until June, the length frequency distribution value of skipjack tuna was lower the Lm value. The skipjack tuna minimum length of caught (Lc) was lower than its minimum length of gonad mature (Lm) of 40.83 cmFL and 42.9 cmFL, respectively. The major catches of large pelagic purse seine during this research was skipjack tuna as much as 42.6%, and by-catch by 57.4%. The amount of catchable fish is 26%, so based on selectivity analysis, the selectivity of the large pelagic purse seine fishing gear in the waters of the East Indian Ocean has low selectivity."

"Sebagai negara yang memiliki potensi di sektor kelautan yang sangat besar, ternyata kontribusi investasi di sektor perikanan masih di bawah 1% dari investasi nasional. Oleh sebab itu upaya-upaya yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kondisi di sektor perikanan menjadi salah satu prioritas di dalam strategi pembangunan oleh pemerintah saat ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu wilayah Indonesia yang memiliki potensi laut cukup besar yaitu Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Secara lebih spesifik penelitian ini memfokuskan pada sektor ikan tuna.Untuk itu beberapa pertanyaan penelitian yang perlu dijawab seperti apakah sub sektor perikanan komoditi Tuna di Kabupaten Gunungkidul merupakan sektor yang memiliki daya saing? Bagaimana kondisi daya saing komoditas tuna di Kabupaten Gunungkidul? Faktor-faktor apa saja yang menjadi penghambat pengembangan sub sektor perikanan komoditi tuna di Kabupaten GunungKidul? Dan bagaimana hubungan antara komponen penentu daya saing komoditas tuna di Kabupaten Gunungkidul? Menjadi pertanyaan kunci yang dieksplorasi dalam penelitian ini. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif dengan format deskriptif.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwasanya; komoditas ikan tuna di Kabupaten Gunungkidul memiliki keunggulan kompetitif; Kondisi daya saing komoditas ikan tuna di Kabupaten Gunungkidul pada factor kondisi: sumber daya manusia dan infrastruktur masih perlu mendapatkan perhatian lebih besar, faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat adalah kemampuan sumberdaya manusia masih rendah, produksi ikan tuna belum mampu memenuhi permintaan, infrastruktur dan fasilitas perlu banyak perbaikan untuk menghasilkan kualitas ikan tuna yang tinggi, Pengolahan ikan terkendala pengadaan bahan baku dan akses pasar dan belum didukung ketersediaan industri pendukung; Selain itu keterkaitan antar komponen utama saling mendukung kecuali kondisi permintaan dengan sumberdaya, dengan industri terkait dan pendukung, dan dengan struktur pasar, persaingan, dan strategi perusahaan.

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Indonesia has a big potential for the marine sector, but unfortunately it doesn`t follow with the significant contribution from its. Based on the current data base, only 1 % the contribution from national investment, therefore Indonesian government put more effort to fix and develop the marine sector. This research has conducted in Gunungkidul as one of potential area in marine sector in Indonesia, and the scope of research is Tuna fish. To elaborate all informations in terms of Tuna, several key questions has developed as a guidance to do research for instance whether Tuna sector in Gunungkidul has a competitive advantage? How is the form of the competitive advantage of Tuna? What are factors that can be obstacles for Tuna sector development in Gunungkidul? And how is the relation among each component based on Porter theory? The methodology that has been used for this research was decretive qualitative method. Based on the result findings, the Tuna sector in Gunungkidul district has a competitive advantage; nevertheless there are some issues that need to be improve for the better development in Tuna sector for instance the quality of human resources, infrastructures, post-harvest technology and market. However, the relation among each components are supporting each other except component of demand condition with firm strategy rivalry.;Indonesia has a big potential for the marine sector, but unfortunately it doesn`t follow with the significant contribution from its.Based on the current data base, only 1 % the contribution from national investment, therefore Indonesian government put more effort to fix and develop the marine sector. This research has conducted in Gunungkidul as one of potential area in marine sector in Indonesia, and the scope of research is Tuna fish. To elaborate all informations in terms of Tuna, several key questions has developed as a guidance to do research for instance whether Tuna sector in Gunungkidul has a competitive advantage? How is the form of the competitive advantage of Tuna? What are factors that can be obstacles for Tuna sector development in Gunungkidul? And how is the relation among each component based on Porter theory? The methodology that has been used for this research was decretive qualitative method. Based on the result findings, the Tuna sector in Gunungkidul district has a competitive advantage; nevertheless there are some issues that need to be improve for the better development in Tuna sector for instance the quality of human resources, infrastructures, post-harvest technology and market. However, the relation among each components are supporting each other except component of demand condition with firm strategy rivalry."

"ABSTRAKIkan tongkol lisong (Auxis rochei, Risso 1810) dari penelitian ini adalahsalah satu ikan pelagis suku Scombridae. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap ikan iniyang tertangkap di wilayah perairan neritik Teluk Palabuhanratu. Kisaran panjangtotal ikan tongkol lisong antara 12,3 cm sampai dengan 28,5 cm dan cenderungmenyebar normal dengan modus panjang pada ukuran antara 13,5; 19,5; 21,5; dan23,5 cm. Hubungan panjang-berat ikan tongkol lisong bersifat isometric dengankoefisien determinasi sebesar 0,880. Tongkol lisong memiliki panjang infiniti29,93 cm, koefisien pertumbuhan 0,69 per tahun, dan umur teoritis -0,23381. Nilailaju mortalitas total 3,08 per tahun, mortalitas alami 1,12 per tahun, mortalitaspenangkapan 1,68 per tahun dan laju eksploitasi 0,64 per tahun.

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ABSTRACTBullet tuna (Auxis rochei, Risso 1810) is one of the pelagic fish ofScombridae. The study is on this scienc of fish tribe in the neritic territorial watersof the Gulf of Palabuhanratu. The range of total length of bullet tuna are between12.3 cm to 28.5 cm and tend to spread to normal with long mode in size between13.5; 19.5; 21.5; and 23.5 cm. Length-weight relationship this bullet tuna anddetermination coefficient is 0.880. This bullet tuna has infinity length of 29,93cm, coefficient of 0.69 per year growth, and theoretical age -0.23381. The valueof the total mortality rate is 3.08 per year, the natural mortality is 1.12 per year,the fishing mortality of 1.68 per year and the rate of exploitation of 0.64 per year."

"[ABSTRAKDalam penelitian ini dilakukan kompilasi studi literatur kondisi oseanografi berupa suhu dan kedalaman yang sesuai dengan lokasi potensial fishing ground ikan tuna di Samudera Hindia Bagian Timur. Kompilasi studi literatur menghasilkan basis pengetahuan (knowledge based), disusun melalui analisis studi literatur dengan metode plot dan poligon untuk 4 spesies tuna (tuna mata besar, tuna madidihang, tuna albakora, dan tuna sirip biru selatan). Rancangan poligon menunjukkan bahwa tuna albakora potensial tertangkap pada kedalaman 8 - 250 m dengan suhu 16,00 - 26,36 0C, tuna madidihang 42,70 - 340,30 m dengan suhu 14,02 - 27,97 0C, tuna mata besar 48,63 - 466,51 m dengan suhu 8,79 - 29,13 0C, tuna sirip biru pada kedalaman 52 - 492 m dengan suhu 8,14 - 19,86 0C. Poligon divalidasi dengan mempergunakan data tangkapan tuna harian selama 3 hari pada lokasi berbeda berdasarkan koordinat lintang dan bujur. Data insitu suhu dan kedalaman diperoleh melalui Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO) dan Global Ocean Data Asimilation Experinment (GODAE) selama 1 bulan (Januari 2015). Proses interpolasi pada poligon dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kritera suhu dan kedalaman yang dipergunakan pada rancangan peta tematik 3D. Pada bagian akhir penelitian terdapat rekomendasi rancangan alur logika perancangan sistem informasi lokasi potensial fishing ground tuna untuk implementasi model 3D.

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ABSTRACTIn this research, compilation of literature studies consisting of oceanographic conditions (temperature and depth) which appropriate with potential location of tuna fishing ground in Eastern Indian Ocean had been done. These compilation then were analyzed using plot and polygon methods for 4 tuna species (bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, albacore tuna and southern bluefin tuna). Based on polygon method, it showed that albacore tuna were potentially caught at depth of 8 - 250 m and at temperature of 16,00 - 26,36 0C, yellowfin tuna at 42,70 - 340,30 m and 14,02 - 27,97 0C, bigeye tuna at 48,63 - 466,51 m and 8,79 - 29,13 0C, southern Bluefin tuna at 52 - 492 m and 8,14 - 19,86 0C. These polygon were validated using tuna fishing capture information for 3 days at different location based on their coordinates (latitude and longitude). In situ data on temperature and depth were obtained from the Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO) and the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) for one month (January 2015). Interpolation process had been done to obtain temperature and depth criteria that were used in 3D thematic mapping design. At the end of the research, there is a recommendation in designing of logical flow of information system on location that were potential for tuna fishing ground using 3D model implementation., In this research, compilation of literature studies consisting of oceanographic conditions (temperature and depth) which appropriate with potential location of tuna fishing ground in Eastern Indian Ocean had been done. These compilation then were analyzed using plot and polygon methods for 4 tuna species (bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, albacore tuna and southern bluefin tuna). Based on polygon method, it showed that albacore tuna were potentially caught at depth of 8 - 250 m and at temperature of 16,00 - 26,36 0C, yellowfin tuna at 42,70 - 340,30 m and 14,02 - 27,97 0C, bigeye tuna at 48,63 - 466,51 m and 8,79 - 29,13 0C, southern Bluefin tuna at 52 - 492 m and 8,14 - 19,86 0C. These polygon were validated using tuna fishing capture information for 3 days at different location based on their coordinates (latitude and longitude). In situ data on temperature and depth were obtained from the Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO) and the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) for one month (January 2015). Interpolation process had been done to obtain temperature and depth criteria that were used in 3D thematic mapping design. At the end of the research, there is a recommendation in designing of logical flow of information system on location that were potential for tuna fishing ground using 3D model implementation.]"

"Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan kolagen dan hidroksiapatit untuk rekayasa jaringan tulang dari limbah pengolahan ikan. Kolagen diekstraksi dari kulit salmon norway (Salmon salar) meggunakan metode Acid Soluble Collagen (ASC) sementara hidroksiapatit disintesis dari tulang ikan tuna dengan menggunakan metode kalsinasi pada suhu 600°C dan 800°C. Material dievaluasi untuk sifat fisika-kimia, kolagen dievaluasi dengan fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dan scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Kolagen hasil ekstraksi memiliki morfologi dalam bentuk lembaran dengan yield 0,8%. Persentase karbon yang didapatkan dari kolagen yang diekstraksi adalah 47% dan termasuk dalam kelas standar, sementara persentase karbon/nitrogen yaitu 2,63% yang sedikit lebih rendah dari standar. Hidroksiapatit yang telah disintesis dievaluasi dengan fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), dan X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hidroksiapatit yang diperoleh setelah proses kalsinasi menunjukkan struktur yang serupa yaitu kristal bubuk. HAp yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 600°C dan 800°C tidak memiliki pita sesempit HAp standar, namun lebih sempit daripada HAp yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 600°C. Rasio atom Ca/P HAp 600°C dan 800°C yaitu 2,15 dan 2,01 secara berurutan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolagen dari kulit salmon dan hidroksiapatit dari tulang tuna memiliki kualitas baik dan aplikasi luas dalam rekayasa jaringan tulang.

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In this research, collagen and hydroxyapatite were developed for bone tissue engineering from fish processing waste. Collagen was extracted from the skin of Norwegian salmon (Salmon salar) using the Acid Soluble Collagen (ASC) method, while hydroxyapatite was synthesized from tuna bones using the calcination method at 600°C and 800°C. Materials were evaluated for physico-chemical properties, collagen was evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The synthesized hydroxyapatite was evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Extracted collagen have a sheet looking morphology with yield of 0.8%. The percentage of carbon obtained from extracted collagen is 47%, while the percentage of carbon/nitrogen is 2.63% which is slightly lower than the standard. The hydroxyapatite obtained after the calcination process shows a similar structure which is powder crystals. HAp calcined at 600°C and 800°C did not have a band as narrow as standard HAp, although HAp calcined at 800°C had narrower bands than HAp calcined at 600°C. The atomic ratios of Ca/P HAp at 600°C and 800°C are 2.15 and 2.01 respectively. The research findings indicate that collagen from salmon skin and hydroxyapatite from tuna bones are expected to have broad applications in bone tissue engineering."