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"Earthquake engineering is the ultimate challenge for structural engineers. Even if natural phenomena involve great uncertainties, structural engineers need to design buildings, bridges, and dams capable of resisting the destructive forces produced by them. These disasters have created a new awareness about the disaster preparedness and mitigation. Before a building, utility system, or transportation structure is built, engineers spend a great deal of time analyzing those structures to make sure they will perform reliably under seismic and other loads. The purpose of this book is to provide structural engineers with tools and information to improve current building and bridge design and construction practices and enhance their sustainability during and after seismic events. In this book, Khan explains the latest theory, design applications and code provisions. Earthquake-resistant structures features seismic design and retrofitting techniques for low and high raise buildings, single and multi-span bridges, dams and nuclear facilities. The author also compares and contrasts various seismic resistant techniques in USA, Russia, Japan, Turkey, India, China, New Zealand, and Pakistan."

"ABSTRAKPenggunaan survei seismik 3 dimensi telah menjadi metode unggulan dalam eksplorasi hidrokarbon. Geometri yang umum digunakan sebagai desain survei seismik 3D adalah penggunaan geometri Orthogonal di mana receiver line dan source line membentuk sudut 90o. Dalam penelitian ini geometri Orthogonal dikomparasikan menggunakan 3 geometri lain, yaitu Brick, Slanted dan Zig-Zag. Sedangkan model geologi yang digunakan adalah model sintetik dengan 3 lapisan horizon dan 1 patahan sebesar 500. Komparasi dihitung dalam 4 parameter yang berbeda, yaitu layout pengukuran, Bin Fold, ray tracing parameter dan pembuatan seismic section secara sintetik. Layout pengukuran menjelaskan secara umum parameter permukaan yang ada. Bin Fold menjelaskan parameter fold yang dihasilkan dari geometri. Semakin banyak Fold membuat CMP yang dapat di stack menjadi lebih banyak dan memberikan data yang lebih baik. Ray tracing atribut menjelaskan atribut dari jejak gelombang seismik yang terpantulkan pada bidang reflektor. Synthetic seismic section memberikan data seismik yang dapat diamati. Penelitian ini sebagian besar berurusan mengenai variasi aspek dari geometri survei desain dan dampaknya pada parameter permukaan dan juga Illumination Study dari ray tracing attribute serta sintetik seismic section.

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ABSTRAKThe use of Seismic 3D method has been the most useful way in hydrocarbon exploration. In the acquisition, the most common geometry is the Orthogonal geometry where the receiver line and source line form a 90o angle. In this research, Orthogonal geometry is being compared to other 3 geometries, which are Brick, Slanted and Zig Zag. The geological model which is used in this research is using a synthetic geological model. The model is contained of 3 major layers and a normal fault structure with a 50o angle. The comparation is valued with 4 parameters, which are the acquisition layout, Bin Fold, ray tracing attribute and synthetic seismic section. The layout is defining about the surface parameter which deals about source and Receiver parameter. Bin Fold is about the Fold which is generated by the variety of the geometry. The higher Fold gives more stacked CMP and it will give more a good data. Ray tracing explain about the raytrace of the seismic wave which reflected from the reflector. Synthetic Seismic Section generate the seismic data which can be observed. This study deals with the various aspects of the geometry survey design and its impact to the surface parameter and the illumination study in ray tracing attribute to generate synthetic seismic section."

"Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan evaluasi desain seismik berbasis performa pada sebuah struktur laboratorium dengan alternatif sistem lantai konvensional dan alternatif sistem lantai posttensioned flat slab (PTFS). Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi hasil desain linier kedua alternatif struktur dengan pendekatan metode pushover analysis dan non-linear time history analysis. Model non-linier dibangun dengan mendefinisikan sendi plastis yang sesuai dengan klausul yang berlaku. Khusus pada model PTFS, dilakukan simplifikasi model analisis menggunakan equivalent beam width. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil desain kedua alternatif struktur sudah memenuhi level performa life safety (LS). Lebih lanjut diketahui performa elemen equivalent beam width pada sistem PTFS masih berada pada level immediate occupancy (IO), menunjukkan sistem struktur posttensioned flat slab masih dapat diterima di wilayah dengan aktivitas seismik yang tinggi bila didesain dan dievaluasi dengan baik.

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In this research, a performance-based seismic design evaluation is used to a laboratory building structure with conventional floor system alternative and posttensioned flat slab (PTFS) floor system alternative. The research is  conducted by evaluating the resulting linear design of the two alternatives using pushover analysis and non-linear time history analysis. Non-linear models are constructed by defining plastic hinges adhering to building codes.  Specific to the PTFS model, simplified analysis model using equivalent beam width is used. The result of this study shows that both structural system alternatives have fulfilled the life safety (LS) performance level. It is further known that the equivalent width model in the PTFS system still complies the immediate occupancy (IO) level, showing that posttensioned flat slab structural system may be acceptable in a high seismic activity with proper design and evaluation procedures. "