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"CuO/TS-1 catalysts have been prepared and tested in the benzene hydroxylation. TS-1 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, while CuO/TS-1 was prepared by impregnation method using Cu(NO)2. 3H2O as precursor. Catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The catalytic activity was tested in the hydroxylation reaction of benzene. The products were analyzed using gas chromatography. Catalyst characterization by XRD and IR techniques have showed that the catalyst structure was a MFI type of zeolite. XRD pattern have showed the orthorombic structure and indicated the presence of CuO aggregation. The results of the pyridine adsorption have found that the acidity of TS-1 and CuO/TS-1 were a Lewis acid and it?s increased with an increasing amount of CuO loading. The results of nitrogen adsorption analysis have showed decreasing of surface areas of catalyst with increasing amount of CuO loading. The optimum conditions of benzene hydroxylation was observed by 1%CuO/TS-1 catalyst at 70 °C, reaction time 2 h and acetic acid as the solvent yielded 27.6% of phenol with phenol selectivity was 75.5%"

"ABSTRAKPeningkatan kebutuhan bahan bakar dan menipisnya persediaan bahan bakar fosil menyebabkanperlunya dikembangkan bahan bakar minyak yang dapat diperbaharui dengan bahan bakuminyak nabati. Minyak nyamplung merupakan salah satu minyak nabati yang potensial untukdikembangkan sebagai bahan bakar minyak karena ketersediannya yang cukup banyak, danminyak nyamplung bukan merupakan minyak pangan sehingga tidak akan menganggu stabilitaspangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh perbandingan komposisi katalisB2O3/? Al2O3 pada proses catalytic cracking minyak nyamplung sehingga memperoleh yieldbiofuel yang optimum. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu sintesis katalis,karakterisasi katalis dan proses perengkahan katalitik. Hasil katalis yang telah disintesadikarakterisasi dengan BET Brunauer Emmett-Teller , AAS, Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Produkhasil proses catalytic cracking dianalisa menggunakan GC-MS Gas Cromatography- MassSpectrometry . Pembuatan katalis dengan cara impregnasi dan telah berhasil ditunjukan denganhasil uji BET. Karakterisasi katalis B2O3/? Al2O3 mempunyai luas permukaan diatas 100 gr/m2.Komposisi katalis B2O3/? Al2O3 berpengaruh terhadap yield biofuel yang dihasilkan. Secarakeseluruhan perbandingan komposisi katalis B2O3 terhadap katalis ? Al2O3 paling optimum sebesar 15 B2O3 menghasilkann gasoline 28,25 , kerosene 6,29 dan diesel 6,99 .

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ABSTRACTThe increasing in fuel needs along with decreasing of its availability cause the needs ofdevelopment in renewable oil fuel by using vegetable oil. Nyamplung oil has a great potentialto be developing as oil fuel because of its abundant availability and will not influence the foodstability because it is not included as cooking oil. This research is going to study about the ratioof B2O3 Al2O3 catalyst composition related to minyak nyamplung catalytic process to result theoptimum yield of biofuel. This research is conducted in 3 steps including catalyst synthesis,catalyst characterisation, and catalytic cracking process. The product of syntesis catalsyt ischaraterised by BET, AAS, and UV Vis Spectrofotometer. Mean while the product of catalyticprocess cracking is analysed by using GC MS. The production of catalyst by using impregnationmethod has been successful shown by the result of BET. B2O3 Al2O3 catalyst characterisationhas surface area above of 100 gr m2. The B2O3 Al2O3 catalyst conposition is influencing thebiofuel yield product. In conclusion, the most optimum ratio of B2O3 Al2O3 catalyst to B2O3 Al2O3 catalyst is 15 B2O3 and is resulting of 28.25 gasoline, 6.29 kerosene and 6.99 diesel."

"ABSTRAKSebagian biomassa pertanian menghasilkan yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Salah satu biomassa yang melimpah di Indonesia adalah jerami padi, saat ini jerami dibiarkan membusuk, ditumpuk dan dibakar. Jerami padi mengandung lignoselulosa tinggi sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk memproduksi sikloheksena. Cyclohexene adalah bahan baku yang sering digunakan dalam pembuatan nilon. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghasilkan sikloheksen dari jerami padi sebagai bahan baku dengan variasi komposisi katalis dan suhu. Komposisi katalis dan suhu mempengaruhi nilai konversi dan produksi sikloheksena, penting untuk menggunakan kombinasi yang tepat dan suhu untuk menghasilkan sikloheksen dengan konsentrasi maksimum. Metode yang digunakan adalah pirolisis dan catalytic cracking. produk cair dari pirolisis dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor katalitik dikonversi menjadi sikloheksen daripada dianalisis dengan isinya senyawa dengan Gas Chromatography (GC-MS).

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ABSTRAKMost agriculture produce biomass that can be used as an alternative energy source. One of the biomass that is abundant in Indonesia is rice straw, nowadays the straw left to rot, piled and burned. Rice straw contains high lignocellulose so that it can be use as a raw material for producing cyclohexene. Cyclohexene is a raw material often used in the manufacture of nylon. This study is done to produce cyclohexene from rice straw as raw material with variation of catalyst composition and the temperature. The composition of the catalyst and temperature affects the value of the conversion and production of cyclohexene, it is important to use the right combination and temperature in order to produce cyclohexene with maximum concentration. The method use is pyrolysis and catalytic cracking. Liquid products from pyrolysis are incorporated into the catalytic reactor converted into cyclohexene than it is analyzed by its content of compounds with Gas Chromatography (GC-MS)."

"Carbon foam merupakan material yang menjanjikan sebagai substrat katalis. Namun, ketiadaan mikropori pada carbon foam menyebabkan rendahnya luas permukaan untuk deposit katalis. Luas permukaan dapat ditingkatkan dengan menumbuhkan nanokarbon di dalamnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah dekomposisi katalitik metana dengan nikel sebagai katalis, dengan variasi waktu reaksi 2,5 jam; 5 jam; dan 7,5 jam. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan adalah BET, SEM, dan uji adsorpsi gas hidrogen. Substrat nanokarbon-carbon foam dengan waktu reaksi lima jam menghasilkan luas permukaan dan kemampuan adsorpsi hidrogen paling tinggi, yaitu 98,19 m2/gram dan 4,2% wt hidrogen pada tekanan 250 psia. Waktu reaksi tersebut telah dapat menumbuhkan karbon nanofiber dalam carbon foam.

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Carbon foam is a promising material as a catalyst substrate. However, the absence of mikropores on carbon foam resulting in low surface area to deposit the catalyst. The surface area can be be increased by growing nanocarbon in it. The method used is the catalytic decomposition of methane, with variations in reaction time of 2.5 hours, 5 hours, and 7.5 hours, and the catalyst used is nickel.

Characterization that done is BET, SEM, and hydrogen gas adsorption test. Nanocarbon-carbon foam substrate with a reaction time of five hours produces the highest surface area and hydrogen adsorption capacity, that is 98.19 m2/gram; 4.2% wt hydrogen at a pressure of 250 psia. The reaction time has been able to grow carbon nanofiber in the carbon foam."