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"One of the characteristics of legal anthropology, according to the author, is the refusal to law in its formal and absolute form. The Vollenhoven's thesis on the importance of studying law as it is rooted in the Indonesian society and culture can he regarded as the emergence of legal anthropology in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the studies on law from anthropological viewpoint have just been intensified since 1970s. ln describing the history of law and the position of legal anthropology in the legal history, the author reveals the main contribution of ideas from some law scientists. One among the ideas is the importance of analyzing the contents of law in recentcontext without preclading its historical dimension. The analysis on the history of law should constitute explanation on how events emerge and develop so as to provide better understanding on various rules, concept, and institutions of law at recent times. The legal anthropology provides us with such understanding on how certain laws emerge, develop, and change, since it analyzes law in its very "natural" context oras the manifestation of sociocultural aspects of a society."

"One of the characteristic of legal anthropology, according to the author, is the refusal law in its formal and absolute form. The Vollenhoven's thesis on the importance of studying law as it is rooted in the Indonesian society and culture can be regarded as the emergence of legal anthropology in Indonesia. Nevertheless, studies on law from anthropological viewpoint have just been intensified since 1970s. In describing the history of law and the position of legal anthropology in the legal history, the author reveals the main contribution of ideas from some law scientist. One among the ideas is the importance of analyzing the contents of law in recent context without precluding its historical dimension. The analysis on the history of law should constitute explanation on how events emerge and develop so as to provide better understanding on various rules, concept, and institutions of law at recent times. The legal anthropology provides us with such understanding on how certain laws emerge, develop, and change, since it analyzes law in its very "natural" context or as the manifestation of socio-cultural aspects of a society."

"The decision of Supreme Court of Justice as the formal legal system should have been strongly applied to solve legal matters such as the problem of inheritance. Among the social life of Karo, a sub-ethnic group of the Batak of North Sumatera, the national legal system which should be applied to all citizens in Indonesia, has not yet been able to be fully accepted due to the discrepancies of the nature of legal system with the nature of cultural system of the people and their customary law."

"In describing the development of legal anthropology as a new subdiscipline in anthropology, the author firstly clarifies the differences between legal anthropology and the common law science. Although the description of law had been found in ethnographic literatures since two centuries ago, a particular analysis on law emerged in 1920s as the result of debates between Malinowski and R. Brown on the mechanism of social control in stateless societies. Problems of whether law exists in the state or stateless societies stimulated the anthropologists to define the boundaries and scopes of "law", such as L. Pospisil's definition. The development of studies, analysis, and interpretation on law systems in various societies lead to the emergence of legal anthropology as a subdiscipline in anthropology. "