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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai Koperasi Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat (TKBM) dimana koperasi tersebut mulai muncul sejak akhir 1980-an sebagai pengganti Yayasan Usaha Karya (YUKA), yang ada satu setiap satu pelabuhan. Sejak saat itu, hingga saat ini, terdapat banyak terjadi pergantian regulasi yang terkait dengannya. Koperasi TKBM berdiri pada waktu Undang-Undang No. 12 tahun 1967 tentang Pokok-Pokok Perkoperasian masih berlaku. Kemudian mulai berkembang saat Undang-Undang No. 25 tahun 1992 tentang Pokok-Pokok Perkoperasian berlaku. Kemudian pada tahun 2002, regulasi yang menjadi dasar hukumnya diubah dan membawa beberapa perubahan kedudukan dan posisi hukum. Namun dari semua peraturan yang ada, tetap membawa implikasi penafsiran bahwa hanya ada satu koperasi TKBM dalam satu pelabuhan. Belakangan mengemuka adanya dugaan praktik monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat yang dilakukan oleh Koperasi TKBM berdasarkan ketentuan Undang-Undang No. 5 tahun 1999 tentang Anti monopoli dan persaingan usaha Tidak Sehat. Hal itu kemudian berkaitan juga dengan pengecualian yang ada dalam undang-undang tersebut.

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This thesis discusses The Labour Cooperative of Loading and Unloading where the cooperative began to emerge since the late 1980s as a replacement for Yayasan Usaha Karya (YUKA), that there is one every single port. Since then, until today, there are a lot of change of regulations associated with it. Loading and Unloading Labour Cooperatives stood at Law No. 12 year 1967 concerning the Principles of Cooperatives is still valid. Then began to grow when the Act No.. 25 year 1992 on the Fundamentals of Cooperatives apply. Then in 2002, which became the basis of legal regulations amended and brought several changes of position and legal position. But of all existing regulations, still carries implications for the interpretation that there is only one Labour Cooperative of Loading and Unloading in one port. Later arose the alleged monopolistic practices and unfair business competition conducted by the Cooperative TKBM pursuant to the provisions of Act No.. 5 of 1999 on Anti-monopoly and unhealthy business competition. It was then linked well with the existing exceptions in the law. "

"Monopoli tidak otomatis dilarang dalam perspektif persaingan usaha. Hal ini disebabkan pembuktian praktek monopoli menganut prinsip rule of reason. Benarkah praktek monopoli tersebut menimbulkan pencegahan, pembatasan, dan pengurangan persaingan, serta eksploitasi konsumen? Apakah praktek monopoli menyebabkan menyebabkan inefisiensi ekonomi, terciptanya harga yang tidak wajar, eksploitasi konsumen dari sisi non-harga, ekses profit hanya dapat dinikmati monopolis, terciptanya hambatan masuk, dan lain-lain. Selain itu, perlu dianalisa penyebab perilaku monopoli dari pemegang posisi monopoli di pasar. Apakah monopoli tersebut merupakan hasil dari kondisi pasar yang menyebabkan hanya ada satu pelaku usaha di pasar (monopoli alamiah); karena adanya peran pemerintah melalui peraturan perundang-undangan dalam rangka melindungi kepentingan umum; atau merupakan hasil dari hambatan masuk yang disengaja dari sebuah regulasi pemerintah yang berdampak mengganggu persaingan. Tesis ini membahas potensi praktek monopoli dalam penyediaan TKBM di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok berdasarkan hak monopoli yang dimiliki Koperasi Tenaga Kerja Bongkar Muat (TKBM) di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok melalui SKB tahun 2011 tentang Pembinaan dan Penataan Koperasi TKBM. Selain itu, juga membahas potensi dampak peraturan tersebut terhadap persaingan usaha di industri jasa penyediaan TKBM di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok. Penelitian tesis ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan hasilnya menyimpulkan bahwa SKB tahun 2011 tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan praktek monopoli oleh pemegang hak monopoli. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari terciptanya eksploitasi konsumen dari sisi non-harga yaitu rendahnya produktivitas TKBM, dan sisi harga (tidak langsung) melalui terciptanya pengeluaran biaya tinggi tanpa diiringi dengan kinerja yang sepadan. SKB juga memiliki potensi dampak negatif terhadap persaingan usaha. Dampak tersebut berupa diskriminasi terhadap calon kompetitor melalui pembatasan/pengurangan pelaku usaha di pasar (hambatan masuk bagi pesaing potensial untuk menggarap pasar penyediaan jasa TKB), menghilangkan kesempatan bagi konsumen untuk mendapatkan alternatif produk dengan kualitas dan harga yang bersaing, serta tidak adanya insentif bagi incumbent untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk yang dimiliki.

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Monopoly is not something that is automatically prohibited under competition perspective. This is due to evidence of monopolistic practices under the principle of the rule of reason. Is it true that the monopolistic practice lead to prevention, restriction, and lessening of competition as well as the consumer exploitation? Are monopolistic practices causing economic inefficiency, creating unreasonable prices, consumer exploitation from non - price side, excess profit of monopolist, barrier to entry, and others? It is also necessary to analyze the causes of monopoly behavior of the holder of a monopoly position. Is the monopoly the result of market conditions so there is only one business actor in the market (natural monopoly); or because of the government role through legislation in order to protect the public interest; or monopolist in the market is the result of a deliberate barriers to entry that come from government regulation to lessening competition. This thesis discusses the potential of monopolistic practices because of monopoly held by Cooperative of Stevedore (TKBM) at Tanjung Priok Port by Joint Decree (SKB) of 2011 concerning Management and Structuring of Stevedore Cooperative. It was also discuses about the potential impact of the regulation on competition in the stevedore providing industry in Port Tanjung Priok. This thesis uses descriptive - analytical method with the results concluded that the SKB of 2011 potentially create monopolistic practices by the holder of the monopoly that are the creation of non - price consumer exploitation in the form of low productivity of stevedore, the creation of higher expenses without being accompanied by commensurate performance. SKB also has the potential negative impacts on competition that are discrimination against potential competitors through limiting/lessening business actors in the market (barrier to entry for potential competitors to work on the market of stevedore providing services), the opportunity loss for consumers to get an alternative product under competitive quality and price, and the absence of incentives for the incumbent to improve the quality of their products."

"Physical work environment is one of factor that influence performance worker, but this is rarely main attention industry, especially for worker as operator when he done. This happened in PT (Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia III that manage container transportation with Gantry Crane, from shipping in Tanjung Mas Semarang. The problem in this case was operator time work not maximal, so target didn't reach. It was happen because physical work environment not ergonomic, such high temperature in room, level sound from machine very high, brightness is very high. Based on condition above, this research has goal to design physical work environment in operator room Gantry Crane. The design concern several aspects, such level sound from machine, temperature, and brightness in operator room. Method of this research is factorial experiment design with 3 factors (axbxc), use I 0 times replications. Data analysis used analysis variance (ANAVA) with F statistical at level I % and 5%. From the result analysis, it can be conclusions that improve level sound from machine, temperature, and brightness in operator room give influence to average operator time work in Gantry Crane. Operator works with optimal time work in temperature 24 - 26 UC, intensity fighting I 300-I 500liumen, use ear plug, and improve facility air conditioner (AC)."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai keberadaan asosiasi perusahaan dalam pasar oligopoli dilihat dari dampaknya terhadap persaingan usaha yang sehat. Dampak terhadap persaingan usaha yang sehat ini baik dampak asosiasi perusahaan secara umum dan akan dikhususkan pada dampak keberadaan asosiasi perusahaan dalam hukum Persaingan Usaha di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bersifat yuridis normatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian akan memaparkan mengenai dampak positif dan negatif asosiasi perusahaan dalam pasar oligopoli terhadap persaingan usaha yang sehat secara umum dan juga dampaknya bagi keberlangsungan persaingan usaha yang sehat di Indonesia dengan adanya Undang- Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.

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This thesis discusses about the existence of the trade association in an oligopoly market views of the impact on fair competition. The Impact on fair competition in general impact of trade association and will be specified to the impact of the existence of trade association in competition law in Indonesia. This research is a normative juridical studies with descriptive designs.

Research results will be presented the positive and negative effects of the trade association in an oligopoly market related on fair competition in general and also the implications for the sustainability of fair competition in Indonesia with the existence of The Law Number 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition."

"Latar Belakang : Dermatitis kontak merupakan salah satu penyakit kulit akibat kerja yang disebabkanoleh reaksi simpang pada kulit epidermis dan dermis akibat pajanan bahan yang berhubungan dengan bahan kimia, faktor fisik (panes), dan faktor mekanik (gesekan, tekanan, trauma) dan faktor riwayat atopi juga merupakan penyebab tidak langsung. Salah satu bahan kimia yang berisiko terhadap dermatitis kontak adalah debu semen. Pekerja yang berisiko terhadap pajanan debu semen adalah tenaga keja bongkar muat sak semen di pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta. Metode : Penelitian dilakukan di Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta pada September 2009. Desain penelitian ini cross sectional dengan analitik internal komparatif dan pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan cara simple random sampling. Populasi penelitian seluruh buruh tenaga kerja bongkar muat pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta yang berjumlah 402 orang, dan jumlah sampel 140 responden. Cara pengumpulan data dengan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan observasi pelaksanaan pekerjaan. Analisis data dengan program SPSS versi 15, dengan interpretasi analisis univariat , analisis bivariat (Odds Ratio dan 95% Confidence Interval) dan analisis multivariat (metode Enter pada Binary Logistic Regression). Hasil : Tenaga kezja bongkar muat Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta sebanyak 24,3% mengalami dermatitis kontak. Hasil analisis multivariat terdapat hubtmgan bermakna antara tingkat pajanan debu semen tahunan (p=0,041 ; OR=2,35; 95%Cl=0,99»S,56) dengan dermatitis kontak. Umur pekeija, status gizi, pendidikan, iiwayat atopi dan higiene diri buruk tidak mempunyai hubungan statistic bcmiakna dengan dermatitis kontak. Suhu lingkungan dan kelembaban dengan alat ukur Hear Stress Monitor (WBGTO tertingi 29,1°C dan RH tertinggi 62%) diduga mernpunyai kontribusi nntuk terjadinya dermatitis kontak. Kesimpulan dan saran : Prevalensi dermatitis kontak pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa Jakarta sebanyak 24,3%. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya dennatitis kontak adalah tingkat pajanan debu semen tahunan (p=0,04l;0Ra¢§ =2,35).Tingginya suhu lingktmgan dan kelembaban diduga merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya. dermatitis kontak. Pekerja perlu diajarkan pengetahuan akan bahaya debu semen, pentingnya alat pelindung diri dan menjaga kebersihan diri untuk mencegah teij adinya dermatitis kontak pada pekeija angkut semen.

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Background: Contact dermatitis is the one of a skin disease due to work caused by adverse reaction in the epidermis and dennis of skin exposure related materials, chemical, physical factors (heat), and mechanical factors (friction, pressure, trauma) and history of atopy factor is also an indirect cause. One of the chemicals that are at risk for contact dermatitis is cement dust, Workers at risk of exposure to cement dust is labor cement loading and unloading bags of Sunda Kelapa Port in Jakarta.

Methods: This research was conducted at the port of Sunda Kelapa Jakarta in September 2009. The design was cross-sectional study with an intemal analytical comparative sample selection is done by simple random sampling. This study population is all the labor workers unloading port of Sunda Kelapa Jakarta totaling 402 people, based on the calculation of the number of samples of 140 respondents. Dara collection is done by filling status of research, which consisted of anarrmcsis, physical examination and observation of the implementation work. Data analysis using SPSS program version 15, with the interpretation of the univariate analysis (table distributions), bivariate analysis (calculating Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval) and multivariate analysis (enter method the binary logistic regression).

Results: Prevalence of contact dermatitis among labor loading and unloading at the port of Sunda Kelapa Jakarta is 24.3% . There is signiicant statistic relationship between the cement dust exposure rating (p = 0.041; OR = 2,35; 95% CI == 0,19-5,56) to contact dermatitis, The age, work duration, nutritional status, education, poor self-hygiene and history of atopy had no significant statistic relationship to contact dermatitis. Temperature and humidity environment with the Heat Stress Monitor (29.l° C highest WBGTo and the highest 62% RH) have contributed to the occurrence of contact dermatitis

Conclusions and sugestions: The prevalence of contact dermatitis in workers loading and imloading port of Sunda Kelapa Jakarta is 24.3%. The most related factors to the occmrence of contact dermatitis is cement dust exposure rating chronic (p = 0.04l; OR adj =2,3 5).The highly environmental temperature and humidity could be intiuence to contact dermatitis. Workers need to be taught to maintain personal hygiene and knowledge of the hazards of cement dust on the health of workers, including skin health."