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"here is one issue in Jose Rizal’s life that historians have debated on several occasions but remains unsettled. That issue is whether Rizal, on the eve of his death, re-embraced the Catholic faith and disassociated himself from Masonry. The matter is controversial because parties on both sides are affiliated with an organization that promotes moral values and the pursuit of truth. The pro-retraction camp is represented by the Jesuits, the archbishop of Manila, and a few other members of the Catholic hierarchy. Since they are all ordained priests, they are assumed to be truthful in their pronouncements. Their opponents are the members of Masonry, an organization that promotes brotherhood, integrity, decency, and professionalism.This paper resurrects the retraction controversy in the light of the emergence of another primary source that speaks about what happened to Rizal on the eve of his death. This document was never considered in the history of the retraction controversy because it was made available to researchers only in the past decade. The author of the report is a credible eyewitness because he was physically present in the vicinity of where Rizal was detained. His narrative is lucid and contains details that cast doubt on the credibility and reliability of earlier primary sources on which previous narratives were based. This document needs serious consideration and should be included in the discourse on Rizal’s retraction."

"Status Papua sudah final sebagai bagian dari NKRI, namun kelompok pro-kemerdekaan Papua terus berupaya memisahkan diri dari Indonesia. Gerakan kelompok ini juga terus bertransformasi, dari perjuangan senjata (hard approach) oleh OPM dan faksi-faksi militernya, hingga cara-cara diplomasi (soft approach) dan internasionalisasi isu Papua oleh Benny Wenda dkk. Kelompok ini juga terus menggencarkan propagandanya di media sosial. Menggunakan metodologi kualitatif deskriptif dan dengan dibantu aplikasi analisis media sosial INDIGO, penelitian ini mencoba menjelaskan strategi propaganda kelompok pro-kemerdekaan Papua dalam internasionalisasi isu “Papua Merdeka” di media sosial khususnya Twitter. Menggunakan teori strategi sebagai teori utama dan didukung dengan teori propaganda politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi kelompok pro-kemerdekaan Papua memiliki tujuan (ends) menarik simpati internasional agar melakukan intervensi sehingga dapat dilakukan referendum, dengan cara (ways) teknik white, grey, dan black propaganda, memanfaatkan beberapa isu mulai dari pelanggaran HAM, eksploitasi alam & kerusakan lingkungan, rasisme & marjinalisasi orang asli Papua untuk menuntut hak menentukan nasib sendiri, melalui sarana (means) media sosial dengan memanfaatkan peran aktivis, jurnalis, akun Free West Papua, dan bot.

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Papua's status is final as part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, but Papuan pro-independence groups continue to try to separate themselves from Indonesia. The movement of this group has also continued to transform, from the armed struggle (hard approach) by OPM, to the ways of diplomacy (soft approach) and the internationalization of the Papua issue by Benny Wenda et al. This group also continues to intensify its propaganda on social media. Using a descriptive qualitative methodology, this study attempts to explain the strategies of Papuan pro-independence groups in campaigning for the issue of "Freedom Papua" on social media, especially Twitter. Using strategy theory as the main theory and supported by political propaganda theory. The results of the research show that the strategy of the Papuan pro-independence group has the aim (ends) of attracting international sympathy to intervene so that a referendum can be carried out, by ways of white, gray and black propaganda techniques, utilizing several issues ranging from human rights violations, natural exploitation & environmental damage, racism & marginalization of indigenous Papuans to demand the right to self-determination, through social media means by utilizing the roles of activists, journalists, Free West Papua accounts, and bots."