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"Sebagai perusahaan minyak dan gas bumi, CNOOC SES Ltd. memiliki beberapa wilayah kerja, salah satunya adalah Pulau Pabelokan. Pada pulau tersebut berlangsung aktivitas yang menghasilkan air limbah, yaitu aktivitas di dapur, tempat laundry, kamar mandi, dan toilet. Sebelum dialirkan ke badan air terdekat, air limbah tersebut diolah di sewage treatment plant yang terdiri dari beberapa unit, yaitu ash tank, grease trap, aeration tank, abiotech tank, dan activated carbon tank. Unit abiotech tank merupakan unit pengolahan air limbah secara biologis dengan prinsip attached growth reactor. Keberadaan biofilm pada tangki ini memungkinkan terjadinya kombinasi reaksi nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi yang berdampak pada penurunan konsentrasi amonia. Namun, berdasarkan data harian kualitas air limbah STP Pabelokan, setiap hari terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi amonia sebesar rata-rata 20-30% setelah air limbah melalui proses pengolahan di unit abiotech tank. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dapat memicu terjadinya kenaikan konsentrasi amonia tersebut dan memberikan solusi pencegahan. Kegiatan operasional pihak pengelola STP Pabelokan yang diduga dapat menjadi faktor penyebab kenaikan konsentrasi amonia adalah penambahan 0,2 kg nutrisi dan 0,5 kg mikroorganisme ke unit aeration tank. Hasil analisis dampak pemberian nutrisi melalui perhitungan stoikiometri dengan reaksi nitrifikasi membuktikan adanya peningkatan konsentrasi amonia dalam air limbah yang diolah sebesar rata-rata 15-19%. Sedangkan penambahan mikroorganisme berdampak pada peningkatan angka kematian mikroorganisme di unit abiotech tank. Mikroorganisme yang mati berdampak pada peningkatan konsentrasi amonia karena mikroorganisme tersebut terhidrolisis menjadi senyawa-senyawa sederhana, salah satunya amonia. Solusi yang dapat diberikan berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan adalah mengalihkan pemberian nutrisi dan mikroorganisme yang pada awalnya melalui unit aeration tank menjadi langsung ke unit abiotech tank.

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As an oil and gas company, CNOOC SES Ltd. has some working areas, one of them is Pabelokan Island. Activities that produce wastewater originate from the kitchen, laundry, bathroom, and toilet. Before dumped into the sea, the wastewater is treated at the sewage treatement plant that consists of several units: ash tank, grease trap, aeration tank, abiotech tank, and activated carbon tank. Abiotech tank is a biological wastewater treatment that adopts attached growth reactor principle. The presence of biofilm in the tank allows the combination of nitrification and denitrification which can reduce the ammonia concentration. However, based on the daily report of wastewater quality, it is known that the increase of ammonia concentration consistently occurs after being processed in abiotech tank, with the increase of around 20-30%. The purposes of this study are to determine the factors that cause the increase of ammonia concentration in treated domestic wastewater at STP Pabelokan and to suggest solutions. It is estimated that the causes of the ammonia increase are the addition of 0,2 kg nutrition and 0,5 kg microorganism to aeration tank. The result of adding nutrition to nitrification reaction (done with stoichiometry calculation) gave evidence that by adding nutrition causes an increase in the concentration of ammonia around 15-19%. Whereas the addititon of microorganism increases the dead rate of microorganism in abiotech unit. The dead microorganisms can trigger an increase of ammonia concentration because their body will be hydrolyzed into several compounds, one of them is ammonia. The solution can be given based on those analysis is to shift the distribution of nutrient and microorganism that initially given to aeration tank, directly to abiotech tank."

"Aktivitas pelayaran di Indonesia terus meningkat sehingga diperlukan tindakan pencegahan pencemaran laut melalui pengolahan air limbah secara on-site di setiap kapal penumpang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik air limbah domestik kapal penumpang dan waktu detensi optimum penyisihan konsentrasi COD dan TN yang akan dijadikan kriteria desain unit MBBR. MBBR merupakan unit pengolahan kombinasi pertumbuhan biomassa terlekat dan tersuspensi yang efisien untuk diterapkan di kapal penumpang karena membutuhkan ruang yang minim. Kinerja MBBR diketahui melalui eksperimental menggunakan sistem bacth pada reaktor anoksik dan aerob dengan waktu detensi 2, 4, 6, dan 8 jam. Hasil penelitian memperoleh konsentrasi COD dan TN air limbah domestik kapal penumpang sebesar 550-760 mg/l dan 51-88 mg/l yang melebihi baku mutu MEPC 227.64 tahun 2012 masing-masing sebesar 125 mg/l dan 20 mg/l sehingga perlu diolah. Waktu metabolisme optimum sehingga menghasilkan efluen yang memenuhi baku mutu adalah 8 jam masing-masing reaktor dengan total efisiensi penyisihan COD sebesar 81,2% dan TN sebesar 87,3%. Perancangan STP MBBR memiliki volume sebesar 80,25 m3/unit yang menghemat ruang sebesar 107,0 m3; berat sebesar 118,3 ton/unit yang meningkatkan daya tampung KM Sinabung sebesar 92,4 DWT; dan energi sebesar 7,7 kW/unit yang menghemat penyediaan energi sebesar 21,2 kW.

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Sailing's activities in Indonesia are increasing, hence on-site wastewater treatment at each passenger ship(s) is needed to avoid sea pollution. This study aims to determine the characteristics of domestic wastewater from the passenger ship(s) and optimum detention time of COD removal and TN concentrations that will be used as a design criterion of MBBR unit. MBBR is a combination of attached and suspended growth biomass treatment which is efficient for application in passenger ships, because it required minimal space. MBBR's performance was acknowledged through experimental process using batch system on anoxic and aerobic reactors with 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours detention time.

Results of this study showed COD and TN concentrations of domestic wastewater from passenger ship(s) of 550-760 mg/l and 51-88 mg/l respectively. These values exceeded the quality standard stated on 227.64 MEPC in 2012 which the standard COD and TN concentrations are 125 and 20 mg/l, so the wastewater needs to be treated. The optimum metabolisme time needed to produce effluent that meets the quality standard is 8 hours for each reactor with total COD removal efficiency of 81.2% and TN of 87.3%. The STP MBBR's design had volume of 80.25 m3/units which saved the space of 107.0 m3; weight of 118.3 tons/unit which increased the KM Sinabung's Death Weight Tonnage (DWT) of 92.4 DWT; and energy of 7.7 kW/unit which saved the energy supply of 21.2 kW."

"ABSTRAKPlaza Great River Indonesia (Plaza GRI) adalah gedung perkantorandengan tipe gedung perkantoran komersial mid-rise yang terletak di kawasan bisnis Kuningan, Jakarta Selatan. Pembatasan konsumsi sumber air yang berasal dari pasokan air tanah dan harga air PDAM yang relatif mahal menjadi penyebabnya melakukan efisiensi air dengan menerapkan teknologi daur ulang limbah cair diproses di lokasi objek penelitian. Hasil analisis kualitas limbah seluler STP yang ada dengan sistem pengolahan Lumpur Aktif tipe Aerasi yang Diperpanjang pada 18 April 2012 di laboratorium diperoleh nilai BOD5 sebesar 39,12 mg/L; COD 75,63 mg/L; TSS 22 mg/L; NH3-N 32,92 mg/L; MBAS 0,11 mg/L; Minyak dan Lemak 1.22 mg/L; dan Fecal Coliform dengan nilai lebih dari 1.600 MPN/100 mL. Skor kualitas efluen telah memenuhi baku mutu pengolahan limbah cair berdasarkan Pergub DKI Jakarta No. 122 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, kecuali parameter uji NH3-N. Pemanfaatan air olahan dari proses daur ulang dimaksudkan sebagai pengganti kebutuhan air bersih untuk kegiatan non-potable-urban reuse, meliputi: pembilasan toilet lainnya 66 m3/hari, menara pendingin 48 m3/hari, dan irigasi lanskap 6 m3/hari. Teknologi sistem pemrosesan siklus yang direkomendasikan pengerjaan ulang yang sesuai untuk diterapkan berdasarkan analisis kinerja sistem pengolahan (persentase penyisihan) dan aspek ekonomi (biaya infrastruktur dan operasional /m3) adalah filter karbon aktif (pra-perawatan), osmosis balik, dan Desinfeksi radiasi UV (pasca perawatan), dengan persentase penghapusan total parameter BOD5 94%; COD 95%; TSS 99%; NH3-N 95%;Kekeruhan 96%; dan Fecal Coliform 95% yang mengacu pada pencapaian target kualitas air kelas II berdasarkan PP No. 82 Tahun 2001.ABSTRACTPlaza Great River Indonesia (Plaza GRI) is an office buildingwith a mid-rise commercial office building type located in the Kuningan business district, South Jakarta. Restrictions on consumption of water sources originating from groundwater supplies and the relatively expensive price of PDAM water are the reasons for carrying out water efficiency by applying the technology of recycling liquid waste processed at the location of the object of research. The results of the analysis of the quality of the existing STP cellular waste with an Extended Aeration-type Active Sludge treatment system on April 18, 2012 in the laboratory obtained a BOD5 value of 39.12 mg/L; COD 75.63 mg/L; TSS 22 mg/L; NH3-N 32.92 mg/L; MBAS 0.11 mg/L; Oils and Fats 1.22 mg/L; and Fecal Coliform with a value of more than 1,600 MPN/100 mL. The score of effluent quality has met the quality standard for wastewater treatment based on Pergub DKI Jakarta No. 122 of 2005 concerning Domestic Wastewater Management in DKI Jakarta Province, except for the NH3-N test parameter. The utilization of treated water from the recycling process is intended to replace the need for clean water for non-potable-urban reuse activities, including: flushing other toilets 66 m3/day, cooling towers 48 m3/day, and landscape irrigation 6 m3/day. The recommended rework cycle processing system technology that is suitable to be applied based on the analysis of treatment system performance (percentage removal) and economic aspects (infrastructure and operational costs /m3) is activated carbon filter (pre-treatment), reverse osmosis, and UV radiation disinfection ( post-treatment), with the percentage of total deletion of parameters BOD5 94%; COD 95%; TSS 99%; NH3-N 95%; Turbidity 96%; and 95% Fecal Coliform which refers to the achievement of class II water quality targets based on PP no. 82 of 2001."

"Pengolahan air limbah domestik PT GS Battery dengan Bio Kleen Sewage System masih menghasilkan konsentrasi amonia effluen yang melebihi baku mutu. Aerated Submerged Fixed Film Reactor yang diketahui mampu mengolah beban amonia tinggi, diterapkan untuk mengolah air limbah tersebut dan dievaluasi selama 45 hari. Penelitian skala laboratorium dilakukan menggunakan bioreaktor dengan kapasitas 5.6 L yang dioperasikan pada waktu detensi yang berbeda, yaitu 6, 8, dan 10 jam. Lumpur aktif resirkulasi dari instalasi pengoalahan air limbah Jababeka digunakan sebagai lumpur pembibitan. Kualitas influen penelitian memiliki laju beban Chemical Oxygen demand COD dari 1181 sampai 1987 g COD m-3 hari-1 dan laju beban analisis dari 134 sampai 223 g NH3-N m-3 hari-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan performa yang lebih baik pada HRT 10 jam, dimana sistem mencapai 90 ndash; 93 dan 94 ndash; 99 pada efisiensi penyisihan COD dan analisis. Data yang diperoleh menunjukkan nilai R-kuadrat 0.87 dan 0.85. Konsentrasi effluen COD dan amonia memiliki rentang 36 ndash; 60 mg/L dan 0.4 ndash; 5 mg/L dimana keduanya telah memenuhi standar baku mutu di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan dua kondisi aerobik dan anaerobik dapat bekerja dalam satu bioreaktor.

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Domestic wastewater treatment in PT GS Battery using Bio Kleen Sewage System still produced ammonia concentration above effluent discharge standard. Aerated Submerged Fixed Film Reactor which known for its ability to treat high ammonia loading, was used and evaluated during 45 days. Laboratory experiment were conducted using a bioreactor with 5.6 L capacity operated at different hydraulic retention times, which were 6, 8, and 10 hours. Return activated sludge from wastewater treatment plant of Jababeka was taken as seed sludge. The influent of the experiment has Chemical Oxygen Demand COD loading rate from 1181 to 1987 g COD m 3 day 1 and ammonia loading from 134 to 223 g NH3 m 3 day 1. Results indicated better performance at 10 hours rsquo retention time that the system was able to achieve 90 ndash 93 and 94 ndash 99 removal efficiencies of COD and ammonia. Data gained exhibited the R squared value were 0.87 and 0.85. The effluent COD and ammonia concentration ranged between 36 ndash 60 mg L and 0.4 ndash 5 mg L which lower than the Indonesian national discharge standards for both parameters. The present study showed also two conditions of aerobic and anaerobic could be worked in a single bioreactor."