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"Telah dibuat suatu alat Sistem Aliran Cairan Infus Berbasis Microcontroller yang dapat dipantau secara Wireless. Pada alat ini proses yang akan diatur adalah kecepatan aliran, proses kecepatan aliran ini diatur dengan memasukkan nilai dari keypad. Alat ini dikendalikan oleh Mikroprosesor, dimana penulis memakai IC Microcontroller ATmega 128 sebagai pembaca data dan pengendalian mekanik pada sistem aliran cairan infus. Penulis juga menggunakan Wireless untuk memantau proses aliran cairan infus.

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It had been made a tool of system infusion flow based on Microcontroller wireless monitored. In this tool, the process setting using keypad. This tool is controlled by Microcontroller. Writer used Microcontroller Integrated Circuit (IC) ATmega 128 as data processing and control the mechanic in the system control of infusion flow. Writer also used wireless to monitoring the process of infusion flow. "

"Pada 31 December 2019, virus Corona diidentifikasi di kota Wuhan, Cina. Pada 2 Maret 2020, virus Corona telah ditemukan keberadaanya di Indonesia. Gejala umum yang disebabkan oleh corona diantara lain ialah demam, batuk kering, serta kelelahan. Dengan gejala serius dalam bentuk kesulitan bernafas, hilangnya kemampuan untuk berbicara dan bergerak, serta kematian. Corona dapat menyebar dari pengidap ke orang lain yang berdekatan melalui kontak fisik maupun melalui cairan pengidap virus Corona. Tenaga medis merupakan kelompok yang memiliki risiko tinggi untuk mengidap penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus Corona. Di mana untuk tiap 100 orang yang menjangkit corona, 6 sampai 7 diantaranya merupakan tenaga medis. Dengan risiko tinggi yang dihadapi oleh tenaga medis, timbul kebutuhan akan interaksi serta pembacaan tanda vital pasien dari jarak jauh. Salah satu metode untuk berinteraksi dengan pasien dari jarak jauh ialah dengan menggunakan teleoperated robot arm. Teleoperated robot arm dapat membaca berbagai tanda vital pasien yaitu tekanan darah, temperatur tubuh, saturasi oksigen darah, serta detak jantung. Teleoperated robot arm dapat dikendalikan oleh pengguna di ruangan yang terpisah dari pasien menggunakan protokol komunikasi MQTT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang teleoperated robot arm yang dapat dikendalikan dari jarak jauh untuk meminimalisir kontak langsung antara pasien dan tenaga medis untuk mengurangi risiko tenaga medis mengidap virus Corona.

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At the 31st of December 2021, the Corona virus has been identified in Wuhan, China. At 2nd of March 2021, the Corona virus’s existence has been identified in Indonesia. The light symptoms that are caused by the Corona virus are fever, dry cough, and fatigue. The serious symptoms are difficulty breathing, loss of ability to speak and or move, and death. The Corona virus can spread from person to person through physical contact or liquid from the virus’s carrier. Medical Personnels are amongst the highest group to be in risk of contracting the Corona virus. For every 100 people that contracted the Corona virus, 6-7 of them are medical personnel. The high risk that medical personnel face in regards to contracting Corona virus caused the urgency for indirect interaction between patients and medical personnel to rise. One of the methods that could achieve indirect interaction between patients and medical personell is through a teleoperated robot arm. The teleoperated robot arm could read various vital signs from the patient such as the heart beat, the oxygen saturation level, the blood pressure, and the body temperature. The Teleoperated robot arm can be controlled wirelessly by the user that is located in a different room from the patient using the MQTT communication protocol. The goal of this research is to design a teleoperated robot arm that is able to be controlled remotely by a user to minimize the direct contact between a patient and a medical personell to reduce the risk of contracting the Corona virus"

"Channel estimation memiliki definisi untuk memperkirakan koefisien filter melalui sinyal yang diterima dan informasi lain yang dikenal. Ada beberapa metode channel estimation yang dapat diguanakan seperti minimum mean square error, least square, zero-force, maximum likelihood. Dalam penelitian ini, least square dan zero-force akan dibahas lebih lanjut. Kedua jenis ini dikenal umum sebagai jenis yang paling sederhana dan paling mudah untuk diterapkan di dalam komunikasi nirkabel. Meskipun metode lain seperti minimum mean square error atau maximum likelihood telah dikenal secara luas untuk memperkirakan kanal, metode tersebut terbukti sangat kompleks untuk diimplementasikan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami efek dan membandingkan kinerja channel estimation dengan menggunakan kapasitas multi antenna seperti Single-Input Single Output (SISO), Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO), Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) dan Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Least square dan metode estimasi zero-force telah digunakan dengan memakai modulasi Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), hal ini dikarenakan BPSK adalah metode phase shift keying yang paling sederhana untuk di implementasikan di dalam penelitian ini. Pertama-tama, segala parameter perlu dikonfigurasi terlebih dahulu untuk digunakan di dalam simulasi. Kemudian, data dalam sistem pilot dikirim ke penerima menggunakan modulasi BPSK di setiap sistem multi antenna dengan menggunakan saluran nirkabel yang berbeda. Lalu, Alamouti encoder dieksekusi khusus untuk sistem MIMO dan MISO. Setelah itu, least square dan zero-force diterapkan dan tingkat kesalahan bit atau dengan nama lain bit error rate (BER) dapat dicapai dengan menyamakan sinyal yang ditransmisikan. Kemudian, analisa hasil data dengan membandingkan kinerja least square dan zero-force dapat dicapai. Pada akhirnya, hasil yang telah ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa least square melakukan performa lebih baik daripada metode estimasi zero force yang berlaku pada kinerja tingkat kesalahan bit dengan sinyal terhadap noise atau dengan nama lain signal to noise ratio (SNR).

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Channel estimation has a definition to estimate the filter coefficient through received signal and other known information. There are many methods that channel estimation can be used such as minimum mean square error, least square, zero-force, maximum likelihood. In this research, least square and zero force will be discussed further. These two types are commonly known as the simplest and easiest type to implement in the wireless communication. Even though other methods like minimum mean square error or maximum likelihood have been widely known to estimate channel, such methods are proven very complex to implement.

The aimed of this research is to understand the effect and compare the performance of the channel estimation method with the capacity of multiple antennas such as Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO), Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Least square and zero force estimation method were being used with BPSK modulation, this is due to BPSK is the simplest phase shift keying.

First, the parameters need to be configured in simulation software. Then, the data within pilots system transmitted to receiver using BPSK modulation in each of the wireless antenna systems with different wireless channels. Space time block coding of Alamouti encoder were executed for MIMO and MISO system. After that, least square and zero force method were implemented and bit error rate (BER) performance can be achieved by equalizing the transmitted signal. Analysing the result by comparing the performance of least square and zero force were accomplished.

In the recent result, it was shown that the least square performs better than zero force estimation method for the performance of bit error rate with signal to noise ratio."

"The book presents a comprehensive view of channel degradation arising from fading and shadowing. Various statistical models including simple, hybrid, compound, complex and cascaded ones are presented with detailed derivations along with measures to quantify the deterioration such as the amount of fading, error rates and outage probabilities. The models range from the Rayleigh and Rician through Suzuki, generalized K, cascaded and alpha-mu and similar ones. This is followed by the analysis of mitigation of fading and shadowing through diversity (simple, hybrid, micro- and macro- level) and combining algorithms. The density and distribution functions, error rates and outages are derived and results analyzed to quantify the improvements. The effects of co-channel interference before and after the implementation of diversity are also analyzed. To facilitate easy understanding of the models and analysis, the background information in terms of probability and random variables is presented with relevant derivations of densities of linear and nonlinear transformation of random variables, the sums, products, ratios as well as order statistics of random variables of all types. The book also provides material on digital modems of interest in wireless systems. Thus, the book with 1100+ equations and 350+ Matlab generated figures and tables is an ideal source for students, educators, researchers and professionals in wireless communications allowing access to information currently unavailable."

"Contents : - Contents by Author - University Program Sponsors - Current Trends and Business Strategies - The Progression of WIMAX Toward a Peer-to-Peer Paradigm Shift - Affirming the Mobility Quotient: How Wireless Connectivity Is Shaping Worker Productivity - How Small Can It Get? - Improving the Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas - Whence and Whither Mobile Communications and Impacting Technologies - The Evolution of WiMAX Certification - Prime Time for Mobile Television - Technologies and Networks - WLAN Mesh Architectures and IEEE 802.11s - Wireless Billboard Channels:Vehicle and Infrastructural Support for Advertisement, Discovery, and Association of UCWW Services - Leveraging MIMO in Wide-Area Networks - Revolution by Satellite - Overview of a Personal Network Prototype - Smooth Integration of Mobile Video Telephony to Windows Mobile - The Law of Mobility - Detecting Packet Mishandling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks - Performance of Transport Protocols in Wireless Networks - The Emergence of the Wireless VoIP Phone - Effect of Interference and Control Error on Cellular Mobile Communication Networks - Seamless Mobility - Optimizing Video over Wireless Using Performance and Architecture Modeling - Internetworking of Next-Generation IPv6-Based Mobile Wireless Networks and MPLS/GMPLS-Based Multiservice Backbone Networks - Acronym Guide "

"Contents : - Introduction and Background - Cellular Communications: The First Decade - Introduction to Personal Communications Services - Wireless: A New World of Possibilities - A Layman's Guide to Cellular - Section I: Business and Marketing Considerations - Wireless Information Networks - The Origins of Cellular Communications - Major Challenges to Wireless Providers - Implementing Smart Cards in the USA: A Wireless Perspective - Domestic Spectrum Regulation in the United States - Cellular/PCS: Complement or Substitute for Wireline Telephony? - Section II: Wireless Technology and Applications - Network Issues for Personal Communications Services - Network Management Systems - PCS Customer Information System Architectures - Rural Cellular - Coding and Modulation: A Tutorial - Coded Modulation Techniques for Cellular Mobile Systems - Introduction to Propagation for Mobile and Portable Radio - Instantaneous Wideband Channel Sounding for 1.7 GHz PCS - Intelligent Antennas: Spatial Division Multiple Access - Biological Effects of Radio Frequency Fields - High-Efficiency DC-DC Converters for Battery-Operated Systems with Energy Management - Interoperability of Satellite and Terrestrial Networks - A Comparative Analysis of Near Earth Satellite Communications Systems - Propagation Effects in Satellite Systems - Section III: Wireless Outside the United States - Wireless Local Loop for Developing Countries - A Technology Perspective - Wireless Communications in Russia - Mobile Communications Industry in Thailand - Evolution of Wireless Applications in Mexico - History of Wireless in Korea and Present Opportunities for Foreign Companies - Cellular and Personal Communications in Europe - Europe, A Crucial Part of Any Global Wireless Strategy - Wireless Systems in Japan and Associated Issues - Section IV: The Future - An Ice Age is Coming to the Wireless World - Cellular Communications: What's Ahead - Acronym Guide - Index "

"Konsep Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ( OFDM) adalah membagi aliran data input serial ke dalam sejumlah aliran data paralel dan mengirimkan aliran data paralel dengan rate rendah tersebut secara bersamaan. Salah satu keuntungan penggunaan OFDM dibandingkan dengan jenis modulasi lain adalah penggunaan lebar pita yang tersedia dengan lebih efisien.Simulasi dan analisa dilakukan terhadap performansi sistem OFDM pada beberapa mapper modulasi 16-my pada kondisi kanal AWGN dan kanal fading lambat. Jenis konstelasi yang digunakan adalah 16-QAM rektangular, 16-QAM star dan 16-PSK.Hasil pada kondisi kanal AWGN memperlihatkan bahwa sistem OFDM yang menggunakan 16-QAM rektangular memberikan performansi BER terbaik dibandingkan penggunaan 16-QAM star atau 16-PSK.Performansi OFDM pada kanal fading multipath dianalisa menggunakan respons impuls kanal statik. Hasil pada kedua model kanal fading multipath yang digunakan menunjukkan performansi yang relatif buruk. Algoritma forward error correction atau estimasi kanal perlu digunakan untuk mengurangi probabilitas kesalahan bit.Hasil akhir pada penggunaan kedua algoritma tersebut membuktikan bahwa pengaruh fading kanal multipath dapat dihilangkan sehingga meningkatkan performansi BER sistem OFDM.

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The concept of OFDM is to divide the serial input data stream into a number of parallel streams and to transmit these low-rate parallel streams simultaneously. One advantage of using OFDM compared to other types of modulation is better use of the available bandwidth.

The performance of the OFDM system under various 16-ary modulation mappers in AWGN and slowly fading channels are analyzed. It considers three candidate constellations : 16 rectangular-QAM, 16 star-QAM and 16-PSK.

The results for AWGN channel shows that the OFDM system using 16 rectangular-QAM gives the best BER performance compared to the same system using 16 star-QAM or 16-PSK mapper.

The performance of OFDM on multipath fading channels is analyzed using static channel impulse responses. The results of system in the two models of multipath fading channels indicate a relatively poor performance. Forward error-correcting or channel estimation algorithm is necessary to reduce the bit error probability.

The final results obtained after the use of both algorithms : convolutional coding and channel estimation, prove that fading effects can be removed, reducing almost totally the effects of the multipath channel."

"Salah satu tantangan utama dalam dunia telekomunikasi adalah menyediakan jasa Iayanan data berkecepatan tinggi. Kondisi keadaan pada saat ini, dengan teknologi broadband wireless yang ada dapat memberikan suatu cakupan area yang luas serta mampu dalam layanan data berkecepatan tinggi yang mengaplikaslkan multimedia.Salah salu upaya untuk menyediakan jasa layanan data berkecepatan tinggi adalah dengan melakukan teknik diversitas Dimana dalam hal ini adalah teknik diversitas yang dilakukan adalah teknik divertisitas ruang (Space diversity technique).Dalam tesis ini dilakukan simulasl teknik Space Time Block Coding (STBC) dan Space Frequency Block Coding (SFBC). Simulasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan memakai teknik pemancar tunggal clan pemancar ganda serta teknik penerima tunggal dan ganda.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa teknik space time coding dan space frequency block coding dengan memakai teknik pemancar dan penerima ganda memiliki perfomansi yang balk dibandinkan memakai teknik pemancar tunggal penerima ganda atau sebaliknya.

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One of the main challenge in telecommunication is to provide high speed data services. ln this recent condition, the broadband wireless technology could provide high scope coverage area and able to provide high speed data services using multimedia applications.One of the efforts to proved high speed data services is to diversity technique, which means that we use space diversity technique.ln this theses, we would use technique simulation space time block coding (STBC) and space frequency block coding (SFBC). ln this simulation we use single transmitter technique and multiple transmitter technique; we also use single receiver and multiple receiver technique.This test result showed that using double transmitter and receiver technique in space time block coding technique and space frequency block coding will have a better performance compare to using single transmitter technique multiple receiver or on the contrary."

"ABSTRAKWireless Office merupakan integrasi antara jaringan GSM dengan jaringan PBX.Sistem ini memungkinkan jaringan PBX suatu perusahaan menjadi jaringan wireless dengan tetap memakai ekstension PBX maupun nomor Mobile Station GSM sebagai nomor panggilnya. Seluruh infomiasi voice maupun data ditumpangkan pada sebuah jaringan LP, yang juga terintegrasi dengan jaringan LAN/W AN perusahaan, Bagi perusahaan dengan area yang sangat luas, seperti pada perusahaan pertambangan atau pengeboran minyak, sistem ini al-can membuat pemakaian handset GSM para karyawan lebih efekrtifi Mobile Station akan berfimgsi sebagai telepon kantor yang rnelalui jaringan PBX ketil-ra memasuki linglcungan perusahaan, dan al-can kembali ke jaringan provider PLMN masing-masing karyawan ketika lceluar dari linglcungan perusahaan.Dalam skripsi ini, dibuat suatu perencanaan penerapan dari sistem Wireless Office pada perusahaan Pertamina Daerah Operasi Hulu Cepu_ Alasan dipilihnya lokasi ini adalah karena DOH Cepu merupakan daerah pengeboran yang sangat luas dengan area yang terpisah-pisah_ Para karyawannya juga banyak yang sering melakukan tugas ke tempat-tempat pengeboran dan harus tetap dapat berkomunilcasi dengan kantor pusat Cepu_ Untuk im dibuat rencana penerapan yang terdiri dari integrasi jaringan, penentuan peralatan, perhitungan dan penempatan BTS, perhitungan kapasitas transmisi, serta perancangan simulasi sistem database pada gateway.

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