Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"A smart coating is defined as one that changes its properties in response to an environmental stimulus. The Handbook of Smart Coatings for Materials Protection reviews the new generation of smart coatings for corrosion and other types of material protection.Part one explores the fundamentals of smart coatings for materials protection including types, materials, design, and processing. Chapters review corrosion processes and strategies for prevention, smart coatings for corrosion protection, techniques for synthesizing and applying smart coatings; multi-functional, self-healing coatings, and current and future trends of protective coatings for automotive, aerospace, and military applications. Chapters in part two focus on smart coatings with self-healing properties for corrosion protection, including self-healing anticorrosion coatings for structural and petrochemical engineering applications; smart self-healing coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and steel; smart nanocoatings for corrosion detection and control; and recent advances in polyaniline-based organic coatings for corrosion protection. Chapters in part three move on to highlight other types of smart coatings, including smart self-cleaning coatings for corrosion protection; smart polymer nanocomposite water- and oil-repellent coatings for aluminum; UV-curable organic polymer coatings for corrosion protection of steel; smart epoxy coatings for early detection of corrosion in steel and aluminum; and structural ceramics with self-healing properties."

"The characteristics of coatings formed by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) are affected by the composition of metal substrates. In this work, the effect of alloying element Ca (0, 1 and 2 wt%) on the degradation behavior and apatite-forming ability of PEO coated AZ61 magnesium alloys was clarified by means of polarization measurements in 0.9% NaCl solution and an in-vitro test in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), respectively. The AZ61 alloys were subjected to plasma electrolytic oxidation at a constant current of 200 A/m2 at 25°C for 8 min in 0.5 M Na3PO4 solution. The surface investigation suggested no significant effect of Ca content on the morphology of the PEO coating formed on the AZ61 specimens. The coatings exhibited an eruption-like structure decorated with micropores and microcracks. Their average thicknesses were 13.2, 17.4 and 14.3 µm for AZ61, AZ61-1Ca and AZ61-2Ca, respectively. The polarization measurements showed no significant difference in the corrosion potentials (-1.60 VAg/AgCl) and corrosion current densities (1.61×10-5 A cm-2) of all the coated specimens. Similarly, there was no significant effect of Ca on the apatite-forming ability in SBF, as indicated by the lack of apatite deposition on all the coated specimens after 14 days of immersion. Further sealing of the PEO coatings by chemical treatment in NaOH solution is suggested to enhance the corrosion resistance."

"Every body consumes street-foods, even babies as early as 6 months of age. The older the children, the more varied the street foods being consumed. Street foods therefore have contributed to a significant proportion of energy, protein and iron intake of school age children. Looking at high percentages of street foods contribution to their nutrient intake, street foods play an important role in school children's growth and school achievement. On the other hand the safety (microbiological & chemical aspect) of street foods is still questionable. This study aimed to investigate the predicted consumption of illegal food additives from street food among school children from two different types of government primary schools.

This research report is arranged and divided in three sequential parts. Part 1 contains comprehensive review on the background and rationale of the study, problem statements, literature review, conceptual framework, objectives of the study and the hypothesis.

Part 2 consists of manuscript for publication entitled "School children from model school had lower intake of illegal food additive from street foods compare to school children from regular school" that presents the main findings of the study. The manuscript is written in accordance with the "Instruction for Author's" of "Food and Nutrition Bulletin".

Part 3 is the compilation of the detailed questionnaire, methodology, other important results that are not included in the manuscript, ethical consideration and list of references."

"Written in a versatile, contemporary style that will benefit both novice and expert alike, Biological and Biomedical Coatings Handbook, Two-Volume Set covers the state of the art in the development and implementation of advanced thin films and coatings in the biological field. Consisting of two volumes--Processing and Characterization and Applications--this handbook details the latest understanding of advances in the design and performance of biological and biomedical coatings, covering a vast array of material types, including bio-ceramics, polymers, glass, chitosan, and nanomaterials. Contri."

"Kualitas udara di Indonesia semakin buruk setiap tahunnya. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah penggunaan kendaraan bermotor yang masih menggunakan bahan bakar fosil. Jumlah kendaraan bermotor semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya sekitar 5% dari tahun sebelumnya. Penggunaan bahan bakar fosil pun semakin meningkat, dimana hasil pembakaran dari bahan bakar fosil ini mengandung CO, CO2, dan HCyang berbahaya untuk lingkungan dan pernapasan manusia. Untuk Indonesia, kondisinya saat ini sudah cukup berbahaya karena sudah melewati batas jumlah partikulat yang dianjurkan WHO. Akibat berkurangnya jumlah cadangan minyak bumi dan rusaknya udara lingkungan, Pemerintah Indonesia dan negara lain pun berupaya untuk mencari bahan bakar alternatif dari bahan bakar fosil. Bioetanol merupakan salah satu potensi bahan bakar alternatif yang bisa didapatkan dari tanaman melalui proses fermentasi. Mengingat Indonesia cukup mudah untuk menemukan tanaman-tanaman ini, maka sumber bahan baku ini relatif mudah didapat, dan bersifat terbarukan. Bioetanol sudah digunakan dalam bentuk campuran dengan bahan bakar fosil, namun karena perbedaan polar dan non-polar dari campuran ini menyebabkan campuran tidak menyatu sepenuhnya. Maka diperlukan suatu aditif yang dapat berperan sebagai pelarut untuk membuat campuran menjadi homogen. Sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat penggunaan bahan bakar campuran bensin – bioethanol yang ditambahi zat aditif pada mesin spark ignition (SI). Zat aditif yang digunakan yaitu cyclohexanol dengan volume yang divariasikan. Kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap hasil emisi gas buang dan coefficient of variation (COV). Dari hasil pengujian, pencampuran zat aditif cyclohexanol dapat memperbaiki COV dan semakin memperbaiki kualitas emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran.

---

Air quality in Indonesia is getting worse every year. One of the causes is the use of motor vehicles that still use fossil fuels. The number of vehicles increases annually by about 5% from the previous year. The use of fossil fuels is also increasing, where the combustion products of these fossil fuels contain CO, CO2, HC, O2 which are dangerous to the environment and human respiration. In Indonesia, the current condition is quite dangerous because it exceeds the limit for the number of particulates recommended by WHO. Due to the lack of oil reserves and environmental air damage, the Government of Indonesia and other countries are trying to find alternative fuels from fossil fuels. Bioethanol is one of the potential alternative fuels that can be obtained from plants such as cassava, rice, and others through the fermentation process. Considering that Indonesia is a country that is quite easy to find these such plants, the sources of these raw materials are relatively easy to obtain, and renewable. Bioethanol has been used in the form of a mixture with fossil fuels, but because of the polar and non-polar properties in this mixture, the mixture does not blend completely. Therefore, we need an additive that can act as a solvent to make the mixture homogeneous. In this research was conducted to see the use of gasoline-bioethanol mixture fuel added with additives in spark ignition (SI) engines. The additive used is cyclohexanol with varied volumes. Then an analysis of exhaust gas emissions and coefficient of variation (COV) of the combustion is carried out. From the test results, mixing cyclohexanol additives can improve COV and improve the quality of exhaust emissions resulting from combustion of the mixtures."