Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Bangunan studi kasus gudang terdiri dari 3 lantai dengan bentang tipikal 11.4 m (kecuali pada bagian driveway terdapat bentang 17.1 m) dan tinggi antar lantai 11.2 m. Struktur menggunakan beton fc’ 40 MPa dan tulangan baja BjTS 420B. Struktur ini menanggung beban hidup gudang sebesar 25 kN/m2, beban hidup driveway 15 kN/m2, dan atap datar 1 kN/m2. Sementara itu, beban gempa yang diberikan adalah gempa respons spektrum. Bangunan ini berlokasi di Depok dengan kelas situs tanah lunak sehingga termasuk kategori desain seismik D dan memiliki sistem pemikul gaya seismik berupa sistem rangka pemikul momen khusus (SRPMK). Desain struktur bangunan dilakukan dengan dua skema, yaitu struktur Konvensional di mana digunakan pelat dua arah yang menumpu balok sebagai media transfer beban ke kolom dan struktur post-tensioned flat slab (PTFS) di mana digunakan pelat dua arah prategang yang secara langsung menumpu kolom dengan penebalan berupa drop panel. Pada struktur PTFS dilakukan pemisahan sistem penahan gaya gravitasi dan lateral (SGLR). Kolom penahan beban gravitasi saja akan dicek menggunakan prinsip kompatibilitas perpindahan. Struktur PTFS memiliki periode getar, berat seismik, gaya geser dasar, dan maximal story displacement lebih besar dibandingkan struktur konvensional. Volume tulangan (35.355%), beton (1.421%), dan bekisting (26.683%) struktur PTFS lebih kecil dibanding struktur konvensional dengan terdapat penambahan volume untuk strand (100%). Perbedaan biaya terbesar terdapat pada komponen balok, di mana penggunaan post-tensioned flat slab mampu menghemat biaya sebesar 62.712%. Total penghematan yang terjadi adalah sebesar 9.161%.

---

The warehouse case study building consists of 3 floors with a typical span of 11.4 m (except for the driveway section where the span is 17.1 m) and a height between floors of 11.2 m. The structure uses fc' 40 MPa concrete and BjTS 420B steel reinforcement. This structure supports a warehouse live load of 25 kN/m2, a driveway live load of 15 kN/m2, and a flat roof load of 1 kN/m2. The given earthquake load is response spectrum earthquake. This building is located in Depok with a soft soil site class so it is classified as seismic design category D and has a seismic force resisting system in the form of a special moment resisting frame system (SMRFS). The building structure design is carried out using two schemes, namely a Conventional structure where a two-way slab supported by beam as a load transfer medium to the column is used and a post-tensioned flat slab (PTFS) structure where a two-way prestressed slab that directly supported by column with thickening. in the form of a drop panel is used. In the PTFS structure, there is a separated gravity and lateral resisting system (SGLR). Gravity-load-only columns will be checked using the principle of displacement compatibility. PTFS structure has a vibration period, seismic weight, base shear force, and maximum story displacement greater than conventional structure. The volume of reinforcement (35.355%), concrete (1.421%), and formwork (26.683%) for PTFS structure is smaller than conventional structures with strands volume (100%) added in the PTFS structure. The biggest cost difference is in the beam components, where the use of post-tensioned flat slabs can save costs of 62.712%. The total savings that occur are 9.161%."

"This textbook imparts a firm understanding of the behavior of prestressed concrete and how it relates to design based on the 2014 ACI Building Code. It presents the fundamental behavior of prestressed concrete and then adapts this to the design of structures. The book focuses on prestressed concrete members including slabs, beams, and axially loaded members and provides computational examples to support current design practice along with practical information related to details and construction with prestressed concrete. It illustrates concepts and calculations with Mathcad and EXCEL worksheets. "

"This book contains everything engineers and designers need to make sound technical judgments about which stainless steels to use and how to use them. Extensive composition and property information on all five families of stainless steel, including newest alloys is included. Coverage addresses selection for corrosion resistance, processing, and major applications, FREE access to Thermo-Calc software for 3 element phase diagram simulation."

"Contents : Statics -- Loads -- Material properties -- Sectional properties -- Design properties -- Tension properties -- Columns -- Beams -- Connections"

"Konsumsi energi di negara tropis menghabiskan sebesar 45%-70% untuk sistem tata udara, sistem tata cahaya 10%-20%, lift dan escalator 2%-7%, dan alat-alat kantor serta elektronik sebesar 2%-10% (kompas.com, 24 Maret 2011). Besarnya beban energi tata udara berasal dari beban internal yaitu beban yang ditimbulkan oleh lampu, penghuni serta peralatan lain dan juga beban eksternal yaitu panas yang masuk dalam bangunan yang diakibatkan oleh radiasi matahari, konduksi dan ventilasi melalui selubung bangunan(Sandra Loekita,2007). Dengan melakukan pendekatan Value Engineering dan The Lagrangian didapatkan hasil optimasi biaya adalah dengan menggunakan material insulasi polyurethane foam dengan WWR 0.64, double glass dan plafon softboard (Acoustic) dengan efisiensi konsumsi energi sebesar 52%.

---

Energy consumption in tropical countries are 45% -70% driven by the HVAC system, 10% -20% for ighting system, 2% -7% for lift and escalator, and 2% -10% for office equipment and electronics (kompas.com, 24 Maret 2011). The amount of energy load of HVAC coming from the internal load such as lights, occupants and other equipment, as well as the external heat load in the building such as solar radiation, conduction and ventilation through the building envelope(Sandra Loekita,2007). With Value Engineering and the Lagrangian approaches, the cost optimization are obtained. The approaches use polyurethane foam insulation material with 0.64 WWR, double glassing system and ceiling softboard (Acoustic) with energy consumption efficiency by 52%."

"This textbook describes the rules for the design of steel and composite building structures according to Eurocodes, covering the structure as a whole, as well as the design of individual structural components and connections. It addresses the following topics: the basis of design in the Eurocodes framework; the loads applied to building structures; the load combinations for the various limit states of design and the main steel properties and steel fabrication methods; the models and methods of structural analysis in combination with the structural imperfections and the cross-section classification according to compactness; the cross-section resistances when subjected to axial and shear forces, bending or torsional moments and to combinations of the above; component design and more specifically the design of components sensitive to instability phenomena, such as flexural, torsional and lateral-torsional buckling (a section is devoted to composite beams); the design of connections and joints executed by bolting or welding, including beam to column connections in frame structures; and alternative configurations to be considered during the conceptual design phase for various types of single or multi-storey buildings, and the design of crane supporting beams. In addition, the fabrication and erection procedures, as well as the related quality requirements and the quality control methods are extensively discussed (including the procedures for bolting, welding and surface protection). The book is supplemented by more than fifty numerical examples that explain in detail the appropriate procedures to deal with each particular problem in the design of steel structures in accordance with Eurocodes. The book is an ideal learning resource for students of structural engineering, as well as a valuable reference for practicing engineers who perform designs on basis of Eurocodes."