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"Penelitian dalam tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi dua organisasi gerakan dakwah dan politik Islam, yaitu Ikhwanul Musalimin dan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera yang tumbuh dan berkembang di dua kawasan yang berbeda, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan isu relasi Islam dan negara. Selain mendeskripsikan posisi kedua organisasi diatas ditengah-tengah pemikiran politik Islam, penelitian ini jugs mencoba mengungkapkan pengaruh satu organisasi terhadap yang lainnya dalam kaitan pemikiran hubungan politik dan agama.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode diskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara mendalam terhadap orang yang dianggap ahli dalam bidang yang diteliti serta berbagai sumber lainnya. Berrnula dari temuan akar permasalahan berupa perdebatan politik dalam Islam, kemudian mengungkapkan satu persatu dari dua organisasi yang diteliti dan proses pengaruh gerakan dakwah lkhwanul Muslimin terhadap Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, khususnya tentang masalah hubungan Islam dan negara.Temuan penelitian ini antara lain adalah, bahwa pengaruh Ikhwanul Muslimin terhadap Partai Keadilan Sejahtera sangat dominan melalui proses pemikiran yang dibawa oleh para alumni perguruan di Timur Tengah dan penerbitan buku terjemahan karya tokoh-tokoh Ikhwanul Muslimin yang kemudian banyak dijadikan materi kaderisasi Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, bahkan secara ekstrim bisa dikatakan bahwa PK-Sejahtera itu Ikhwanul Muslimin yang diindonesiakan, dalam artian dominasi tersebut sangat kental, namun disesuaikan dengan kondisi masyarakat Indonesia dan atau ditambah dengan mengambil metode gerakan Islam lainnya. Walaupun hubungan keduanya sangat mirip dan dekat, namun secara organisatoris, hal tersebut tidak dicantumkan dalam AD/ART partai ataupun statuta kebijakan politik lainnya.Khusus tentang pemikiran politik Islam yang berkaitan dengan negara, kedua organisasi ini meneruskan tradisi pemikiran Sunni yang menginginkan tegaknya kekhalifahan, namun dalam upaya ke arah itu, PK-Sejahtera mengambil langkah politik yang moderat, untuk saat ini mereka lebih mengkonsentrasikan terhadap upaya islamisasi masayarakat Indonesia dibawah naungan NKRI dengan memperjuangkan nilai-nilai Islam (maqasid al-syari'ah) terhadap kehidupan individu, sosial dan negara; seperti mengentas kemiskinan, menegakkan keadilan dan memberantas KKN.

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This research would like to explore the position of two da'wah movements and Islamic politics; Ikhwanul Muslimin and Justice Party of Welfare (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera) which grows and develops in two different areas, especially, in the correlation with the issue on Islam and state relation. Besides, it would like to describe the position of certain organizations in Islamic political thought, this research would like to express the one's influence to another in the discourse on the relation between religion and politics.

This research used descriptive method with qualitative perspective through library research, depth interview with the experts and other sources. Based on the problem on political polemic in Islam, this research will explore two studied organizations and the influencing process of Ikhwanul Muslimin toward Justice Party of Welfare, especially, on the relation between Islam and state.

The results of this research: the influence of Ikhwanul Muslimin toward Justice Party of Welfare is very dominant through the spread ideas brought by Middle East universities' alumni and published translating book written by Ikhwanul Muslimin leaders that is used as the matters of Justice Party of Welfare cadre education. Moreover, Justice Party of Welfare can be claimed, extremely, as Indonesian Ikhwanul Muslimin, but appropriated with the condition of Indonesia society and added by using other Islamic movement method. Although, there is close correlation between certain organizations, but in the sense of organization, it is not grafted in the bill of organization or other political policies.

Especially, on the discourse of Islamic politics which related with state, both organizations continues Sunni tradition that want to upright khilafah, but to achieve that goal, Justice Party of Welfare uses moderate political steps. Now days, they give more concentration on Islamization of Indonesian society in the shadow of United State of Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) by struggling Islamic values (maqashid al-syari'ah) toward the life of individual, social and state; such as, poverty solving, justice upright and corruption erasing."

"ABSTRAKIndarwati Ariestiany. Keterkaitan Partai Komunis Cina dengan Pemerintah Cina (Dibawah Bimbingan Bapak Endi J. Rukmo MA). Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia.1996. Kehidupan politik di Cina merupakan produk dari masa revolusi Cina yang panjang. Revolusi Oktober 1911 yang kemudian berhasil merombak total sistem pemerintahan Cina dari kekaisaran menjadi republik. Sejak berdirinya Republik Rakyat Cina tanggal 1 Oktober 1949 yang dikuasai oleh Komunis, Cina masih dalam keadaan yang tidak stabil, akibat dari perang saudara antara Komunis dan Nasionalis. Pemulihan perekonomian rakyat merupakan masalah yang harus segera diselesaikan. Upaya-upaya pemulihan perekonomian rakyat ini terus dilakukan, dimulai dari Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun sampai dengan gerakan Lompatan Jaul7 Ke Depan tapi ternyata tidak berhasil, sampai mundurnya Mao dari kepemimpinan Clna. Deng Xiaoping bersama Zhao Ziyang dan Hu yaobang, kernudian mencanangkan Empat modemisasi. untuk mengejar keberhasilan negara- negara maju dibidang pertanian, industri, iptek dan pertahanan nasional. Salah satu upaya yang mendukung keberhasilan program ini adalah birokrasi yang profesional yaitu dengan pemisahan yang jelas antara fungsi partai dan pemerintah yang selama ini rancu.

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"The research of this thesis aims to know the position of Ikhwanul Muslimin's movement which grows and develops in Egypt, track the genealogy and the history of Ikhwanul Muslimin, the concept and the movement as well as the prominent figures who have influence in the social political movement in Egypt. Besides describing the position of Ikhwanul Muslimin, the research also tries to reveal its influence to the social political changes in Kinanah.

In the research, the writer uses qualitative approach with descriptive study method through literature study and interview with experts in this field. One of the findings is that the influence of Ikhwanul Muslimin upon the social political changes in Egypt is very dominant through the interaction process of the prominent figures and the followers of Ikhwanul Muslimin with the Egyptian leaders.

Since its existence (1928), the political map in Egypt has entered new era. The policies of the leading authority in Egypt have experienced changes, rise and fall, because of their interaction with Ikhwanul Muslimin. The writer classifies the interaction between Ikhwanul Muslimin and the government of Egypt into two periods. They are pre-revolution and post-revolution.

First, was pre-revolution period. The encounter between Ikhwanul Muslimin and Egypt government were often colored by conspiracy, oppression, which later welcomed with demonstration and competition in fighting for power. Ahmad Mahir Pasha?s government frightened their rooted power, until they tried to hamper Ikhwan in election competition by counterfeiting the result of the election, hampering the candidates and arresting the Ikhwanul Muslimin's activists. The strict policy towards Ikhwan was also inherited by Ahmad Mahir Pasha's substitute, al-Nuqrasyi Pasha who suspected Ikhwan as the responsible one for the killing of Ahmad lvlahir Pasha. Al-Nugrasyi Paslia'policy had brought about demonstration by Ikhwanul Muslimin,which resulted in the stepping down of al-Nuqrasyi in February 15, 1946.

Looking at the two-generation leadership - Ahmad Mahir Pasha and al-Nuqrasy Pasha - which failed, Ismail Shidqi Pasha who replaced al-Nugrasyi attempted to accommodate the aspiration of Ikhwanul Muslimin. His leadership strategy was to approach Ikhwanul Muslimin and persuade its prominent figures to cooperate. This brought advantages to the government, but disadvantaged Ikhwanul Muslimin which got attack and slander from Wafd and Communist Parties. They also accused that Ikhwanul Muslimin was on the government side while they would always be critical towards the government's policy.

Second, post-revolution period. There were three government in Egypt that included Ikhwanul Muslimin in this post-revolution era; directly as well as indirectly, through confrontative radical interaction and also moderate one.

First, the era of Gamal Abdunnasser. Although Nasser and revolution got the support from Ikhwanul Muslimin at first, Ikhwanul Muslimin opposed it after it was proved that Nasser didn't intend to build Islamic country, and promoted nasionalism and socialism of secular Arab instead. When the relationship with IIkhwanul Muslimin became worse, sporadic war occurred between the government and the Ikhwanul Muslimin, which in many occasions turned out to be violence. Finally in 1966, Nasser decisively eradicated lkhwanul Muslimin until its roots, executed the main ideologist Sayyid Qutb and other figures, arrested and jailed thousands of people, and chased after other members that they hid or ran into exile. Before the end of Nasser period, the country had shackled religious institution and gagged Islamic opposition, including Ikhwanul Muslimin.

Second, Anwar Sadat era, who governed from 1971 to 1981, inherited Egypt from Nasser. He got the authority when Arab was beginning to get up from its fall in 1967 and after Nasser's death. Sadat realized this condition, so that he tried to form his own identity and political legitimating, taking advantage of Islam to eliminate Nasseris and left group. But, Sadat's accommodative policy didn't last long, authoritarian covered Sadat back and the eradication to his opponent was greater, including to those who criticized his home affair and foreign affair policies. This act reached a peak in 1981, when Sadat jailed more than 1500 people from all walks of life; Islamic activists, lawyers, doctors, journalists, lecturers, political opponents and previous governmental ministers. These restrains triggered the more radical Islamic opposition which finally culminated in the killing of Anwar Sadat, in November 3, 1981 by the followers of Jamaah Al-Jihad while he was visiting the military parade commemorating the 1973 war.

Third, Husni Mubarak, who was previously the vice president, filled in the position of president with new spirit and strategy. The style of President Muharak as well as the awakening of Islam experienced changes in the 80s after the death of Sadat. While the Islam awakening's style in 1970s revealed as confrontative and violent movement, in 1980s the Islamic movement entered the main stream and the organization of Islam activists.

Mubarak's policies were more careful, attempting political liberalization and tolerance, while at the same time he took quick and decisive action to those who wanted to use violence to oppose the government authority. He carefully separated religious opponents, political opponents, and direct threats to the country. Mubarak's government was more accommodative to its opponents, giving space for them to voice their aspiration. He thought that Ikhwanul Muslimin and other religious opponents were proves of Islam awakening, and also the search of their relation format with the country."

"Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) merupakan partai politik Islam yang lahir dari sebuah gerakan sosial keagamaan yang sering disebut Tarbiyah. Universitas Indonesia merupakan salah satu kampus yang menjadi titik awal berkembangnya Jamaah Tarbiyah di Indonesia. Hingga saat ini Tarbiyah kampus masih menjadi salah satu basis sosial utama PKS. Skripsi ini membahas bagaimana Jamaah Tarbiyah UI sebagai basis sosial PKS melakukan proses kaderisasi terhadap anggotanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam. Skripsi ini memaparkan Jamaah Tarbiyah UI memiliki struktur organisasi yang berkoordinasi dengan PKS, namun hal ini disamarkan. Jamaah Tarbiyah UI membangun sistem mulai dari rekrutmen, kaderisasi, dan pembinaan yang sistematis. Hal ini tidak lain adalah strategi yang dilakukan PK dalam rangka mempertahankan basis sosialnya dari kalangan kaum muda terdidik.

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PKS is an Islamic political party which was formed by a social of religious movement named Tarbiyah. UI is one of Universities that becomes the starting point of Jamaah Tarbiyah development. Tarbiyah is still one of the main bases of PKS. This thesis use qualitative method with indepth interview. This thesis deals with how Jamaah Tarbiyah UI as the social base of PKS does the process of cadre formation to their members. It also discusses further that Jamaah Tarbiyah UI has an organization structure that is coordinated with PKS which is not officially published. Jamaah Tarbiyah UI also develops the system of the recruitment, cadre formation, and systematical training. All of these are the strategies done by PKS in order to maintain their social base of educated youth."