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"Untuk pertama kalinya Pemilihan Umum (Bab VIIB Pasal 22E) dimasukkan dalam amandemen UUD '45. Selanjutnya Pemilu diatur oleh Undang-Undang nomor 12/2003 yang diantaranya memuat tentang Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Dengan Daftar Calon Terbuka. Sistem Pemilu itu merupakan suatu terobosan politik yang baru di Era Reformasi sehingga menarik untuk diteliti.Dari latar belakang tersebut timbul pertanyaan penelitian yaitu: 1. Apakah Sistem Pemilu Proporsional dengan Daftar Calon Terbuka cukup efektif untuk menjaring calon legislator pilihan rakyat atau malahan menciptakan konflik dan fragmentasi di dalam partai?; 2. Apakah Undang-Undang Pemilu menguntungkan Partai Politik Besar dan merugikan Partai Politik Kecil?; 3. Apakah Undang-Undang Pemilu dapat menciptakan sistem multi-partai sederhana seperti yang diamanatkan oleh Undang Undang Partai Politik nomor 31 tahun 2002 ?Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian penulis memakai pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif-analitis. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap 7 orang informan kunci dan penelusuran transkrip rekaman persidangan selama pembahasan Rancangan Undang-Undang Pemilu sampai disahkan menjadi Undang-Undang No.1212003, didukung data sekunder hasil pemilu 2004, serta studi pustaka.Teori yang untuk menganalisa penelitian ini memakai: Teori Transisi demokrasi O'Donnel, Teori Sistem Pemilu Reynolds, dan Teori Demokrasi Inklusif Young.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemilu gagal menjaring calon legislator pilihan rakyat, bahkan sebagian menimbulkan masalah dikalangan legislator terpilih. Undang-Undang Pemilu No. 1212003 memberikan keuntungan bagi Partai Besar berupa over-representation, dan merugikan Partai Kecil dengan under-representation. Undang-Undang Pemilu belum dapat menciptakan sistem multi-partai sederhana, tetapi dampaknya mengurangi jumlah peserta Pemilu 2004.Implikasi teoritisnya adalah teori transisi demokrasi O'Donnel berlaku dalam penelitian ini khususnya bagi Partai Besar PDIP dan Golkar (partai lama), yang mana. Partai Besar cenderung mempertahankan kekuasaannya terhadap pemilih maupun terhadap Partai Kecil dalam pembuatan Undang-Undang Pemilu No. 12/2003.

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For the first time, election (section VIIB article 22e) is included in the amendment of UUD 1945. Furthermore, election is arranged by the Law number 23 years 2003 which inserts the open list proportional system. This system is a new political breakthrough in the reformation era so that interesting to be explored.

From that background, some research questions rise. They are 1) is the system of open List proportional effective to select legislative candidates who are chosen by the voters or does it emerge political conflict and fragmentation among the parties; 2) does it give any advantages for major parties and oppositely disadvantages minor political parties; 3) is the law can develop simple multiparty system as mentioned in the Law number 31 year 2002 on Political Party.

To answer those question, this research applies qualitative approach and the category of the research is descriptive analytic. Primary data collection is examined by using in-depth interview with seven key informants and tracking transcript of codification sessions of the law. is also supported by secondary data such as the result of election in 2004 and literature study.

Theories applied in the research to analyze the issues are theory of transition to democracy from O'Donnel, theory of election from Reynolds, and theory of inclusive democracy from Young.

The result shows that the system of election applied in the law fail to select legislative candidates chosen by the voters, and even raises problems for elected candidates. The law gives advantages for major parties in term of over-representation and disadvantages minor parties in term of under-representation. The Law of Election has not developed simple multiparty system, even though the implication is degradation the number of political parties which involve in the election.

The theoretical implication of the research is that theory of transition to democracy from O'Donnel is relevant with the result of the research, especially for major parties such as Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle and Golkar, which tend to maintain their power to their voters and minor parties in the codification of the law."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini menelaah penerapan strategi pemasaran politik dan sebab-sebabkekalahan Partai SIRA. Pemilu 2009 merupakan pemilu pertama pasca damai diAceh dengan keikutsertaan 6 (enam) partai lokal sebagai kontestan. Lahirnyapartai lokal tidak terlepas dari hasil perundingan damai antara Pemerintah RI danGAM, 15 Agustus 2005 di Helnsiki, Findlandia.Partai SIRA lahir dari gerakan sosial SIRA (Sentral InformasiReferendum Aceh) yang mentransformasikan diri menjadi partai politik.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.Mengingat Partai Lokal di Indonesia hanya ada di Aceh dan menjadi instrumenpolitik resmi para pihak untuk menyuarakan aspirasi melalui jalur politik.Strategi-strategi pemasaran sudah diterapkan SIRA dalam pemenanganpemilu. Dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi masyarakat yang telah berubah dankemajuan tehnologi informasi dan komunikasi. Tapi hal itu berlangsung alamiahdan masih belum cukup.Sebagai Partai Politik Lokal, SIRA tidak mampu membangunposisioning, ideologi, dan diferensiasi dengan partai lain untuk menunjukkanidentitasnya. SIRA menerapkan model Market Oriented Party (MOP) ala LessMarshment (2001) sebagai karakter partai, dimana untuk menang dalam pemilu,harus merancang produk-produk politik yang sesuai kebutuhan (needs), keinginan(wants), dan tuntutan (demands) pemilih.Sukses stori SIRA sebagai gerakan sosial tidak diikuti saat menjadipartai. Kegagalan Partai SIRA juga dipengaruhi oleh fakta khusus sebagai daerahpost konflik. Perdamaian Aceh dianggap berhasil dan berkontribusi positifterhadap perkembangan demokrasi, tapi Aceh masih menjadi pasar yangterdistorsi (defective democracy). Penerapan strategi pemasaran politik padamasyarakat post conflict yang pilihan kekerasan dan teror masih kebiasaantidaklah efektif. Karena domain kekerasan menjadi lebih dominan danmempengaruhi psikologi dalam menentukan preferensi pilihan politik.

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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the strategic implementation of politicalmarketing and the cause of failure of SIRA (the central information for Acehreferendum) as a local political party in Aceh in the legislative election in 2009.The 2009 election was the first election in the era of peace in Aceh which wasparticipated by 6 local parties. The establishment of those parties was supportedby the peace talks between the government of Indonesia and the free AcehMovement on 15th August 2005 in Helsinki, Finland.The party of SIRA was transformed from the social movement. Thestudy was conducted by using a qualitative method through a study case approach.The study case would be interesting since the emerging of local parties onlyoccurred in Aceh province. Later those parties are functioned as a legal instrumentto vote the people aspiration.The SIRA had implemented several marketing strategies to win theelection by taking into account the society condition and the changes ininformation and technology. However, the process run as natural and was notsufficient to win the election.As a local political party, SIRA cannot perform its own identity,ideology, and therefore it cannot differentiate with other parties. The SIRA hadused the Market Oriented Party (MOP) from Less Marshment (2001) as the partycarácter which was believed to win the election. The party should design politicalproducts based on needs, wants and demands of the people.It can be said that the successfullness of SIRA as social movementwas not followed by the same condition in the era of political party. The defeat ofSIRA was influenced by the facts post conflict. The peace in Aceh is success andcontributes positively to the developmnet of democracy. However, Aceh alsodevelopes as a defective market for democracy. There were violance and pressurethat forced the people to vote a certain party. Thus, the implementation of politicalmarketing was not effective in such condition."

"Artikel ini membahas pengaruh fusi partai politik terhadap perolehan suara PPP pada Pemilu 1977 di Jawa Barat. Ciri khas politik Indonesia sebelum Orde Baru, ditandai dengan supremasi presiden dalam pemerintahan dan peranan politik yang terbatas. Artikel ini ditulis dengan metode sejarah dengan sumber berupa surat kabar sezaman, buku, tesis, dan artikel jurnal. Masalah yang akan dibahas dalam tulisan ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan fusi partai politik OrdeBaru terhadap perolehan suara PPP pada Pemilu 1977 di Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan hasil bahwa fusi partai politik lahir sebagai langkah awal yangdilakukan oleh Soeharto dalam kepemimpinan Orde Baru untuk melaksanakan Pancasila dan UUD 1945 secara murni dan konsekuen agar terciptanya stabilitas politik dan kembali mengaktualkan pemilihan umum sebagai salah satu sarana demokrasi seperti termaktub dalam UUD 1945. Fusi partai politik berpengaruh terhadap perolehan suara Pemilu 1977 di Jawa Barat. Kenaikan suara PPP pada Pemilu 1977 di Jawa Barat terdapat segmentasi pemilih yang jelas akibat dari fusi partai Islam. Bertambahnya pemilih masyarakat Jawa Barat yang mayoritas beragama Islam merasa ada kedekatan dengan isu-isu yang diangkat PPP dan mengharapkan agar PPP sebagai kekuatan alternatif pada Pemilu 1977 menjadi faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kenaikan perolehan suara di Jawa Barat.

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This article discusses the influence of political party fusion on PPP vote acquisition in the 1977 election in West Java. The characteristics of Indonesian politics before the New Order were marked by the supremacy of the president in government and a limited political role.This article was written using the historical method with sources in the form of contemporary newspapers, books, theses, and journal articles. The problem that will be discussed in this paper is how the influence of the New Order political party fusion policy on PPP vote acquisition in the 1977 elections in West Java. Basedon the results of the research, it was found that the fusion of political parties was born as the first step taken by Suharto under the leadership of the New Order to implement Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution purely and consistently in order to create political stability and re- actualize general elections as one of the means of democracy as stipulated in the Constitution. 1945. The fusion of political parties influenced the vote acquisition for the 1977 election in West Java. The increase in PPP votes in the 1977 election in West Java had a clear segmentation of voters as a result of the fusion of Islamic parties. The increasing number of voters in West Java, who are predominantly Muslim, feel close to the issues raised by PPP and hope that PPP as an alternative force in the 1977 election will become other factors influencing the increase in vote acquisition in West Java."