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"The internal erosion is a common mode of failure in earth dams. The phenomenon of filtration process corresponds to a transport over long distances of fine particles under the effect of seepage forces. The filters arranged by both sides of the clay core are supposed to be dimensioned so to stop this transfer. In a granular material, the constriction is very important in the filtration process. It is the narrowest path linking pores. If there is a fluid flow and the constriction size is larger than the diameter of particle, the particle follows its route. On the other hand, if the constriction size is smaller than the diameter of particle, the particle is stopped. Then, the curve of cumulative size constrictions for a granular material is identified as the key characteristic of the filtration process. This characteristic depends on the density and size distribution curve of the filter. The objective of this research is to find and compare the curve with three different approaches by using periodic conditions. These three approaches are MEDTD (Discrete Element Method Triangulation Delaunay), the probabilistic approach and the inverse approach by experiment."

"This paper describes how the reactivity of a cement when mixed with water can be detected qualitatively in the form of temperature rise through the measurement of its heat of hydration. The criterion adopted to assess the reactivity was the greater temperature rise, the more reactive the cement. It is directed towards assessment of three kinds of Indonesian cement, namely Portland, mixed, and pozzolan-lime. Found that POrtland cement is the most reactive, followed by mixed and pozzolan-lime. "

"Penyusunan kontainer (stacking rules) terminal pelabuhan Tanjung Priok yang memiliki 60 % dari total peti kemas Indonesia belum menggunakan metode stacking1 yang tepat sehingga menimbulkan inefisiensi pada aktivitas muat kontainer. Inefisiensi tersebut mempengaruhi produktivitas terminal pelabuhan dimana PT JICT Indonesia mencatat 3168 (dalam ribuan TEUS), sedangkan Westport Malaysia 6910 pada tahun 2012 berdasarkan Hutchison Whampoa Limited. Tingkat efisiensi yang rendah (reshuffling1 yang besar) telah menimbulkan efek negatif pada penyusunan kontainer terminal pelabuhan yang berdampak kepada produktivitas terminal pelabuhan PT JICT. Penelitian ini mencoba menguji penyusunan kontainer terminal pelabuhan dengan pendekatan discrete event simulation (DES) untuk mengatasi permasalahan. Hasil dari riset terkait penyusunan kontainer ini merupakan angka reshuffling dari stacking crane dengan tiga aturan penyusunan kontainer yang berbeda. Angka reshuffling yang rendah tersebut akan meningkatkan efisiensi aktivitas muat kontainer dan berlanjut kepada peningkatan produktivitas terminal pelabuhan sehingga daya saing PT JICT Indonesia meningkat dalam dunia maritim internasional.

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Container stacking rules in PT JICT that has 60 % of all Indonesia’s containers hasn’t used an appropriate stacking method, which impacts inefficiency in container stacking activity.

The inefficiency affects port terminal productivity where PT JICT Indonesia got 3168 (in thousands TEUS), whereas Westport Malaysia got 6910 in 2012 based on Hutchison Whampoa Limited. Low efficiency level (much reshuffling1) has generated negative effect to port terminal productivity in PT JICT.

This research tries to test container stacking rules in stacking activity by using discrete event simulation approach in order to solve the problem.

Those results from the research are numbers of reshuffling from stacking crane with three different stacking rules. The low numbers will increase efficiency in container stacking activity and continue to upgrade port terminal productivity which enhance PT JICT competitiveness in international maritime world."

"Pentingnya kesetaraan gender di tenaga kerja telah mempengaruhi bagaimana perusahaan mempresentasikan dirinya di pandangan publik. Salah satu cara untuk mengevaluasi kesetaraan gender dalam sebuah perusahaan adalah melalui Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) . Untuk karya ilmiah berikut, penulis mengidentifikasi pola bagaimana perusahaan multinasional mengelola kesetaraan gender di negara yang berbeda-beda . Untuk memperkuat karya ilmiah berikut, sebuah studi kasus digunakan berdasarkan perusahaan multinasional berprestasi seperti Unilever. Unilever berhasil mengoperasi lebih dari 190 negara, dan dari negara-negara tersebut, sebagian dari subsidiary tersebut telah mempublikasikan unconsolidated laporan tahunan. Negara tersebut termasuk India, Indonesia, Nigeria dan Pakistan. Melalui laporan tahunan, Unilever berambisi untuk menerapkan Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) yang merupakan model bisnis yang mencakupi masalah kesetaraan gender. Unilever telah mengimplementasikan terapan yang berbeda-beda terkait cara mendekati kesetaraan gender di negara subsidiary tersebut. Berdasarkan laporan tersebut penulis dapat melihat pola yang telah diterapkan oleh Unilever. Dalam durasi 10 tahun, laporan tahunan tersebut mempresentasikan perubahan atau perkembangan terhadap kesetaraan gender dalam perusahaan tersebut. Walaupun data dalam laporan tahunan Unilever meliputi semua isu sebagai perusahaan multinasional, Unilever tidak secara spesifik membahas materi mengenai kesetaraan gender. Maka dari itu, data yang terkumpulkan merupakan sebuah generalisasi akan kesetaraan gender oleh Unilever.

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The increasing social pressure has intensified the importance of gender equality in the workforce which is causing companies to be tread carefully in how they present themselves in the public’s eye. One way to evaluate a company’s gender equality is through Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR). For this research, I aim to identify MNCs patterns in approaching gender equality within an array of different countries, in particular, how approaches might differ when encountering foreign countries. For this research, Unilever is chosen as a real-life case example. Unilever operates over 190 countries, where India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan are among the subsidiaries that publishes unconsolidated report. Through the span of 10 years observation, Unilever’s annual report has claimed to be involved in creating a gender-balanced workforce through its Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) business model. For each subsidiary, Unilever has implemented this business plan as it is globally accepted and made further adjustments that could be accepted locally. Although information from the annual report has been collected, it only provides a generalized idea on gender equality for the company and not specific information that is provided for the public’s knowledge."

"Biodiesel was produced using three different alkali catalysts, namely KOH, NaOH and LiOH. The aim of the study was to determine which of these is the most effective as far as Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) yield is concerned in producing biodiesel from microalgae. Three different transesterification processes were considered; conventional, microwave-assisted and ultrasound-assisted. The study was able to show that NaOH and KOH generated far better FAME values compared to LiOH in all three transesterification processes. The introduction of microwave or ultrasound in the transesterification slightly increased the FAME yield by 5% and cut the reaction time by 50%. The best FAME yield was attained when the optimum process parameters were a methanol to oil ratio of 12:1; a catalyst load of 2% for NaOH and 3% for KOH; a reaction time of 12 minutes; and a microwave output power rate of 600 watts."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kasus kehilangan gigi molar pertama yang disertai dengan mesial tipping dari gigi molar kedua sering ditemui, sehingga penegakan gigi merupakan salah satu mekanika yang sering dilakukan oleh klinisi. Namun, sebagian besar literatur yang tersedia mengenai penegakan gigi merupakan laporan kasus yang memaparkan mengenaihasil perawatan dengan mekanika tertentu, sesuai dengan pengalaman masing-masing klinisi. Efisiensi dalam perawatan ortodonti, khususnya penegakan gigi, dapat dicapai apabila pergerakan gigi dapat diprediksi. Tujuan: Menganalisis gambaran distribusi stress pada ligamen periodontal gigi molar kedua, pada model 3D mandibula, serta menganalisis perpindahan inisial gigi molar kedua (dalam arah bukolingual, vertikal, dan mesiodistal) ketika diaplikasikan gaya penegakan gigi dengan menggunakan initial archwire, helical uprighting spring, T-loop, serta dengan retromolar miniscrew. Metode:Konstruksi model tiga dimensi mandibula dilakukan dalam satu kuadran, dengan konfigurasi kehilangan gigi molar pertama dan gigi molar kedua tipping 30º. Empat buah model kerja dibuat sesuai dengan metode penegakan gigi yang akan diuji yaitu dengan initial archwire, helical uprighting spring, T-loop, serta dengan retromolar miniscrew.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna intensitas stress dan perpindahan inisial pada keempat kelompok mekanika yang diuji. Distribusi stress dan perpindahan inisial gigi molar kedua pada penggunaan initial archwire sangat kecil dibandingkan dengan ketiga mekanika lain yang diuji. Pada penggunaan T-loop, helical uprighting spring, dan retromolar miniscrew, area tension terbentuk paling besar di area servikal akar mesial, sedangkan area compression terbentuk pada area servikal akar distal. Pada analisis perpindahan inisial gigi molar kedua, penggunaan helical uprighting spring menunjukkan ekstrusi yang paling besar, diikuti oleh T-loop, dan retromolar miniscrew. Selain itu,terlihat adanya pergerakan akar pada penggunaan retromolar miniscrew, yang tidak ditemukan pada penggunaan mekanika lainnya. Kesimpulan: Intensitas stress ekuivalen paling besar dihasilkan dari penggunaan helical uprighting spring, T-loop, dan retromolar miniscrew secara berurutan. Analisis perpindahan inisial gigi menunjukkan penggunaan retromolar miniscrew menyebabkan mesial root movement, dibandingkan dengan distal tipping mahkota gigi pada mekanika lain.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: One of the most frequently encountered clinical situation in adult patients would be the tipping of mandibular second molar which normally occurred due to early loss of the first molar. Previous studies reported different uprighting mechanics were mainly case report and only a few that aimed to describe the efficacy of the variousavailable mechanics. A profound understanding of the efficacy and predictability of the various mechanics would improve tooth movement and prevent unwanted side effects that may arise. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the stress distribution as well as initial displacement of mandibular second molar using various uprightingmechanics. Methods: A three-dimensional model was constructed and analysed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with tipped mandibular second molar set at 30º. Four mandibular models were assembled according to different uprighting mechanics, as follows: initial continuous archwire, helical uprighting spring, T-loop and retromolarminiscrew. Results: Stress distribution and initial displacement resulted from the use of initial archwire were insignificant compared to other mechanics tested. The highest tensile stress were observed on the cervical area of mesial root and the highest compressive stress were observed on the cervical area of distal root on the application ofT-loop, helical uprighting spring, and retromolar miniscrew mechanics. Analysis of initial tooth displacement showed that helical uprighting spring caused the largest degree of extrusion, followed by T-loop, and retromolar miniscrew. Root movement was observed on the usage of retromolar miniscrew. Conclusion: Greatest equivalent stress wereobserved on the usage of helical uprighting spring, T-loop, and retromolar miniscrew in consecutive order. Analysis of initial displacement of the second molar showed that the application of retromolar miniscrew caused mesial root movement, while other mechanics showed distal tipping of the crown."

"ABSTRACTMost poverty prevalence in developing countries is found among people living in rural areas, which depend on agricultural activities as their main source of livelihood (Suryana, 1992, Kuhonta, 1986). This study assessed the overall condition of the rural community in Pasaman (Jambak and Sarik village) and Sawahlunto/Sijunjung (SP I and SP IV village) district regarding to the poverty and nutritional situation by using an adapted Rapid Rural assessment method which was called RAPID: Rapid Nutritional Assessment for Community Based Poverty Alleviation Projects in Developing Countries, developed by GTZ. The method consists of interviewing key persons, focus group discussion, observation and height measurement of school children (6-9 years old). Other method to diagnose and analyze the nutritional situation of risk group is a nutritional survey. Interview and anthropometrics measurement of fewer than five children and the mother were done in this method. A poor state of nutrition and health also leads to lower productivity and reduces the availability of food at the household level, which now forms a vicious cycle. The availability of food can describe the food security status of the household. This study also attempted to look into the main problems of food security on rural community by using food security questionnaire developed by SEARCA (South East Asian Regional Center for Agriculture). The result of interviewing the mothers by this method revealed that current food security status in Jambak and Sarik was better than SP I and SP IV while SP IV was worse than SP I. The similar result was found by other two methods. RAPID method described the overall condition of the study area in a short time. This method also collected preliminary information on the nature and importance of poverty and nutritional problem, and supply of the resources of the study area. However this method insufficient to describe the relationship between nutritional problem and its determinant factor. Baseline survey gave the extent of the nutritional problem in the area, nevertheless this method needed some resources; fund, personnel, equipments and time. Food security method assessed the extent of food security problems in the area, however in this study, it was proved that the questionnaire was not fully applicable, therefore further analyses based on SEARCA method could not be completely applied."