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"Limbah pewarna batik berbahaya bila dibuang ke badan sungai tanpa dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu, konsentrasi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada air buangan limbah batik 1332-3192 mg/L. Pengolahan fisika, kimia, dan biologis dapat mengurangi kandungan kimia berbahaya air limbah batik. Untuk mengetahui kriteria desain dari pengolahan biologis maka diperlukan laju kinetika penguraian substrat. Laju kinetika penguraian substrat berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi dari pengolahan biologis dengan media biofilter. Reaktor biofilter dengan skala lab pada penelitian ini memiliki volume 36 liter, dan air limbah yang dipergunakan merupakan air yang telah melalui proses fisika dan kimia. Proses penelitian ini meliputi seeding yaitu proses pembiakan bakteri yang berasal dari air limbah perut sapi, aklimatisasi yang merupakan proses adaptasi bakteri rumen, dan feeding merupakan proses penguraian konsentrasi senyawa kimia pada air limbah batik. Proses penelitian ini berlangsung selama 68 hari. Waktu tinggal pada penelitian adalah 8 jam dengan debit 1,25 mL/s. Diperoleh laju kinetika penguraian yang diperoleh berkisar 0,174-0,244 hari-1, laju pertumbuhan sebesar 0,03584 hari-1, dan biomassa dengan nilai 0,2088 gVSS/gCOD. Penyisihan COD 60 - 90%, Suhu pada proses ini berkisar antara 27oC-30oC sedangkan pH pada penelitian antara 6,5-8,5.

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Batik wastewater can damage the river ecosystem when discharged into water bodies without any prior treatment, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) content of the wastewater batik of 1332-3192 mg/L. Physical, Chemical, and Biological treatment can reduce the hazardous chemical constituents of wastewater batik. To determine the design criteria of the biological treatment, the kinetics rate of substrate decomposition is needed. The rate of decomposition kinetics of the substrate affect the efficiency of the biological treatment especially biofilter process. Lab-scale biofilter reactor in this research had a volume of 36 liters and the wastewater used in this research is water that has been through physics and chemical process. The research process includes seeding process, acclimatization, and feeding process. Seeding is the process of culturing rumen bacteria, Acclimatization is the process of adaptation of rumen bacteria in media biofilter, and feeding is the decomposition of chemical compounds in watewater batik by rumen bacteria. This research process lasted for 68 days. Residence time in the study was 8 hours with a flow rate of 1.25 mL/s. Decay rate from rumen bacteria between 0,174-0,244 Day-1, rumen bacteria growth rate is 0.03584 day-1, and biomass of 0.2088 gVSS / gCOD. COD removal 60-90%, the temperature in this process ranges from 27oC-30oC while the pH between 6.5 to 8.5."

"This paper presents the efficiency improvement in aerobic wastewater treatment technology through the application of a microbubble generator (MBG) for aeration. Aeration using an MBG is accomplished through water circulation and does not need air compressors, making it more energy efficient than conventional aerators. The MBG aerobic system with the variations on liquid flow rate (Q1) and airflow rate (Qg) combination was tested using artificial wastewater with a typical composition of organic waste. Experimental data were evaluated by means of a simplified mathematical model to systematically compare different MBG schemes. The study confirmed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal efficiency was significantly affected by the Qg values. Lower Qg values were preferable because they tended to have higher soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal efficiency. However, the microbubbles were less stable at lower Qg due to the high incidence of bubble collisions. The study concluded that for applications in an actual aerobic waste treatment pond, the positioning of the MBG in the pond had to be carefully designed to minimize the collision tendency."