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"This study proposes a research question on why six of Eastern European countries held the same their foreign policy orientation toward EU. To answer the question,the study relies on comparative perspective in which its level analysis is still nation state level.Despite of same factors on European-based context, there are substantial different factors on individual contex and process of their negotiations. Breakdown of the Soviet Union and the Warwasa Pactare dominant factors of the regional context, and by this way, EU gives the highest point of his foreign policy's priority to this Eastern Europe countries.Basically,changing of their political systems from close to open society determined their positions in process of the negotiation and the current "

"The worldwide energy consumption has been growing steadily. By the year 2050, world-wide energy demand is projected by the World Energy Council to be at least double its present level. In recent years, the global energy supply has grown too, but the demand for energy has been growing faster than supply. Regarding to the importance of energy and the strategic position as a major energy producer, the government of Russia takes a dominant state-controlled to the production and the distribution's network of energy. The energy activities are also used by Russian government as a part of its foreign policy. The dependencies of other CIS countries and EU on Russian energy have some effects to the relations among those countries. And the Russia's energy policy has been linked to Russia's efforts to regain its position as a strong international power."

"Representasi gender dalam Hubungan Internasional menjadi gagasan yang penting untuk hadir, terlebih ketika kajian ini berupaya untuk menjadi ranah keilmuan yang bersifat gender-blind. Feminisme kemudian datang sebagai kajian yang memperlihatkan gagasan serta ruang baru yang sebelumnya tidak tersentuh pada kajian HI, yaitu kaitan antara dinamika HI dan isu perempuan, termasuk di dalamnya isu mengenai hak politik perempuan. Pada tahun 2010, kawasan Asia Tenggara hadir dengan ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children (ACWC) untuk juga dapat meneruskan ide besar dalam jaminan hak perempuan, tidak terkecuali hak politik. Sayangnya, kehadiran badan tersebut tidak serta-merta meluruhkan gagasan patriarki yang hadir bagi ranah politik perempuan di Asia Tenggara. Kajian literatur ini secara lebih jauh bertujuan untuk dapat merangkum kajian dan memberikan pencerahan baru mengenai hak politik perempuan di negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Kajian literatur ini mencakup 43 literatur yang terdiri atas buku, bab dalam buku, serta artikel jurnal. Melalui metode taksonomi, kajian literatur ini mengelompokkan literatur yang ditemukan ke dalam empat tema utama, yaitu (1) adopsi norma hak politik perempuan di negaranegara Asia Tenggara; (2) implementasi jaminan hak politik perempuan di negara-negara Asia Tenggara; (3) hambatan perempuan dalam meraih hak politik di negara-negara Asia Tenggara; serta (4) isu dalam hak politik perempuan di negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Kajian literatur ini juga berupaya untuk memetakan konsensus, perdebatan, serta kesenjangan di dalam tema kajian yang ada. Tulisan menemukan bahwa dinamika antara adopsi norma dan implementasi di dalam kebijakan merupakan suatu ranah yang cukup bergejolak di Asia Tenggara. Selain itu, tulisan juga menemukan bahwa masih diperlukan pemetaan hambatan utama agar pencarian jalan keluar yang solutif juga dapat dipetakan secara seksama. Hal serupa juga hadir pada ranah isu mengenai hak politik perempuan di Asia Tenggara yang dinilai masih belum menemukan jalan keluar.

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Gender representation in International Relations is essential, primarily when this study seeks to become a gender-blind scientific field. Feminism then emerged as a study that showed span-new ideas and spaces previously untouched in IR studies, namely the link between the dynamics of IR and women's issues, including women's political rights. In 2010, the Southeast Asian region developed the ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children (ACWC) to continue guaranteeing women’s rights, including its political sphere. Unfortunately, the presence of this body does not necessarily eradicate the patriarchal ideas that exist in the realm of women's politics in Southeast Asia. This literature review aims to summarize studies and provide new enlightenment regarding women's political rights in Southeast Asian countries. This review includes 43 pieces of books, book chapters, and journal articles. Using the taxonomy method, this literature review groups the literature found into four main themes, namely (1) adoption of women's political rights norms in Southeast Asian countries; (2) implementation of guaranteed women's political rights in Southeast Asian countries; (3) obstacles for women in achieving political rights in Southeast Asian countries; and (4) issues in women's political rights in Southeast Asian countries. This literature review also attempts to map consensus, debate, and gaps in existing study themes. The paper finds that the dynamics between norm adoption and policy implementation are volatile in Southeast Asia. Apart from that, the article also finds that mapping the main obstacles is still needed so that the search for a solution can also be mapped carefully. A similar thing is also present in issues regarding women's political rights in Southeast Asia, which still have not found a solution."