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"Glass production is thought to date to ~2500 BC and had found numerous uses by the height of the Roman Empire. Yet the modern view of glass-based chemical apparatus (beakers, flasks, stills, etc.) was quite limited due to a lack of glass durability under rapid temperature changes and chemical attack. This “brief” gives an overview of the history and chemistry of glass technology from its origins in antiquity to its dramatic expansion in the 13th century, concluding with its impact on society in general, particularly its effect on chemical practices."

"Providing a thorough introduction to current philosophical views on morality, Normative Ethics examines an act's rightness or wrongness in light of such factors as consequences, harm, and consent. Shelly Kagan offers a division between moral factors and theoretical foundations that reflects the actual working practices of contemporary moral philosophers. Intended for upper-level or graduate students of philosophy, this book should also appeal to the general reader looking for a clearly written overview of the basic principles of moral philosophy.Contents1. Preliminaries2. The Good3. Doing Harm4. Other Constraints5. Further Factors6. Teleological Foundations7. Deontological Foundations.Notes"

"Customer-driven supply chains : strategies for lean and agile supply chain design reviews the concept of lean thinking and its relationship to other key initiatives associated with supply chain management. Detailed industrial case studies based on the authors’ experience illustrate the principles behind lean supply chains. Moreover, a series of diagrams are used to illustrate critical concepts and supply chain architectures. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of transferring lean principles from the organisational level to the supply chain level. The theory and principles behind lean supply chains are reviewed. Other concepts related to lean supply chains discussed in the book include, mass customisation, agility, information sharing and the bullwhip effect. A methodology used to measure the performance of supply chains is introduced. This methodology comprises the tools of decision timeline, data-flow diagramming, supply chain value stream mapping and a performance measurement scorecard."

"There is a clear need for a systematic, integrative, and rigorous normative theory of the information society. In this book, Duff offers a prescriptive theory to help to guide the academic and policy communities as they debate the future shape of emerging post-industrial, information-based societies. He argues that information policy needs to become anchored in a left-liberal philosophy which foregrounds a feasible permutation of the core ideals of freedom, equality and brotherhood. The information society, if it is to be worth having at all, cannot be allowed to be largely the outcome of the free play of market forces and technological determinism. The social structure, including the information economy, must be subjected to a regulatory axiological system as explicated by some leading proponents of social democracy."

"Rumah merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar yang dinilai paling penting bagi masyarakat. Seiring dengan bertambahnya penduduk sekarang ini, maka kebutuhan akan rumah juga terus meningkat. Oleh karena itu, untuk dapat menunjang kebutuhan tersebut, dibangun lah perumahan secara massal. Namun, dengan memilih untuk tinggal di perumahan ada beberapa konsekuensi yang harus diterima oleh calon penghuni dan salah satunya adalah desain hunian yang seragam. Hal ini bertentangan dengan sifat personal rumah, sehingga saat penghuni masuk dengan kebutuhan yang spesifik dan personal, bentuk seragam dan universal dari rumah tersebut menjadi sebuah masalah. Maka dari itu muncullah sebuah keinginan untuk mengadakan perubahan dan salah satu solusi yang diambil oleh penghuni adalah adaptasi hunian. Dengan adanya adaptasi hunian akhirnya kebutuhan penghuni, yang pada awalnya tidak dapat terakomodasi dalam hunian, kini dapat terpenuhi. Dengan demikian, perlu ditelusuri lebih lanjut bentuk adaptasi seperti apa saja yang dipengaruhi oleh gaya hidup penghuni.

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Housing is one of the basic needs that are considered the most important for the community. Along with the current population increase, the need for housing also continues to increase. Therefore, to be able to support these needs, real estate was built en masse. However, by choosing to live in real estate there are several consequences that must be accepted by prospective residents and one of them is a uniform residential design. This goes against the personal nature of the house, so when residents enter with specific and personal needs, the uniform and universal shape of the house becomes a problem. Therefore, there arose a desire to make changes and one of the solutions taken by residents was residential adaptation. With residential adaptation, eventually the needs of residents, which at first could not be accommodated in housing, can now be fulfilled. Thus, it is necessary to further explore what forms of adaptation are influenced by the lifestyle of the residents."