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"There are visible signs that the 'get-tough' era of punishment is finally winding down. A 'get-smart' agenda has emerged that aims to reduce costs and crime by reducing the incarceration of non-violent drug offenders, expanding use of community-based corrections, revising sentencing structures, and supporting offender re-entry into the community. This change in policy affords an opportunity to re-examine and challenge certain other conventions in the study and practice of punishment. Each chapter of [this book] examines a convention and posits arguments that challenge that convention and expand the conversation. These arguments are based on the prior literature, existing and original data, and historical documents. These conventions and arguments for rethinking punishment are framed accordingly: justifying penal policy; defining the attributes of punishment; measuring the scope and severity of punishment; and evaluating effectiveness in punishment. Finally, the author provides specific recommendations for research and policy based on these original arguments"

"Di era modernitas akhir, Kriminologi budaya menekankan pentingnya peran media dalam mengkonstruksikan secara budaya mengenai makna dan gambar penghukuman yang membangun budaya punitif. Salah satu media populer yang ikut serta melakukan konstruksi ini adalah animasi YouTube bertema cerita rakyat. Versi animasi ini mengangkat cerita-cerita tradisional dan menampilkannya dalam bentuk animasi serta dengan mudah disebarkan lewat media sosial. Penelitian ini akan menganalisa pesan-pesan seputar penghukuman dengan metode ethnographic content analysis.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa cerita tersebut menyampaikan makna bahwa penghukuman terhadap orang jahat diperlukan sebagai bentuk perlindungan dan pembalasan terhadap kejahatan mereka. Gambar lain seperti ide bahwa kriminalitas merupakan pilihan individu serta kerentanan korban ikut membantu konstruksi bahwa penghukuman merupakan respon yang wajar dan penting terhadap kejahatan. Artinya, cerita ini ikut menjadi referensi bagi masyarakat untuk mempertahankan sikap punitifnya terhadap kejahatan dan penyimpangan.

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As cultural criminology suggested, in this era of late modernity, media plays a huge part in an ongoing cultural construction regarding images and meaning of punishment which supported punitive attitudes. One of more prominent media that takes part in the construction process are the animated cerita rakyat which can be accessed through YouTube. These animation adopt traditional stories, or folklores, in Indonesia and are disseminated through video sharing websites and social medias. Using ethnographic content analysis method, this article attempts to uncover the meaning and images regarding punishment which are shown in the animation of cerita rakyat.Result shows punishment are constructed as protection which are needed against the evil characters and as a way to give out retribution for their actions. Those images supported punishment as a favorable response to crime and further fostered by its depiction of nature of evil as personal choice and its emphasis on portraying the vulnerability of victims. All in all, these stories are part of cultural reference that society can draw forth for their punitive attitude toward crime and deviance."