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"Skripsi ini membahas tentang dampak perubahan sistem pemerintahan dari Uni Soviet ke Federasi Rusia terhadap perkembangan Islam di Rusia. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa perubahan sistem dari sosialisme ke demokrasi membawa perubahan bagi perkembangan Islam di Rusia. Perubahan sistem termasuk perubahan konstitusi yang mengatur tentang keagamaan. Perubahan ini berdampak pada peningkatan populasi umat Islam, infrastruktur keagamaan, penyebaran dan potensi disentegrasi Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode penelitan sejarah. Perubahan sistem ini dibahas dengan teori studi perubahan.

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This thesis discusses the impact of government alteration from Soviet Union to Russian Federation about islam development in Russian Federation. The result of this research prove that the alteration system from socialism to democracy led to the islam development in Russian Federation. The alteration system included the change of constitution that organized about religion. The alteration had an impact of islam population, religious infrastructure, the spread and integration potential disintegration. This thesis use the history method. The alteration system will be explain in alteration study theory."

"Notes"LU, SPPI, Sociālo un politisko pētījumu institūts; Stratēg̓iskās analīzes komisija"--Cover.Includes bibliographical references.Chiefly in English; some contributions in Latvian."

"Vladimir Putin's intervention into the Georgia/​South Ossetia conflict in summer 2008 was quickly recognized by Western critics as an attempt by Russia to increase its presence and power in the "near abroad", or the independent states of the former Soviet Union that Russia still regards as its wards. Though the global economic recession that began in 2008 moved the incident to the back of the world's mind, Russia surged to the forefront again six years later when they invaded the heavily Russian Crimea in Ukraine and annexed it. In contrast to the earlier Georgia episode, this new conflict has generated a crisis of global proportions, forcing European countries to rethink their relationship with Russia and their reliance on it for energy supplies, as Russia was now squeezing natural gas from what is technically Ukraine. In Near Abroad, the eminent political geographer Gerard Toal analyzes Russia's recent offensive actions in the near abroad, focusing in particular on the ways in which both the West and Russia have relied on Cold War-era rhetorical and emotional tropes that distort as much as they clarify. In response to Russian aggression, US critics quickly turned to tried-and-true concepts like "spheres of influence" to condemn the Kremlin. Russia in turn has brought back its long tradition of criticizing western liberalism and degeneracy to grandly rationalize its behavior in what are essentially local border skirmishes. It is this tendency to resort to the frames of earlier eras that has led the conflicts to "jump scales," moving from the regional to the global level in short order. The ambiguities and contradictions that result when nations marshal traditional geopolitical arguments-rooted in geography, territory, and old understandings of distance-further contributes to the escalation of these conflicts. Indeed, Russia's belligerence toward Georgia stemmed from concern about its possible entry into NATO, an organization of states thousands of miles away. American hawks also strained credulity by portraying Georgia as a nearby ally in need of assistance. Similarly, the threat of NATO to the Ukraine looms large in the Kremlin's thinking, and many Ukrainians themselves self-identify with the West despite their location in Eastern Europe"

""Russia's size, the diversity of its peoples and its unique geographical position straddling East and West have created a culture that is both inward and outward looking. Its history reflects the tension between very different approaches to what culture can and should be, and this tension shapes the vibrancy of its arts today. The highly successful first edition of Rzhevsky's Companion has been updated to include post-Soviet trends and new developments in the twenty-first century. It brings together leading authorities writing on Russian cultural identity, its Western and Asian connections, popular culture and the unique Russian contributions to the arts. Each of the eleven chapters has been revised or entirely rewritten to take account of current cultural conditions and the further reading brought up to date. The book reveals, for students, academic researchers and all those interested in Russia, the dilemmas, strengths and complexities of the Russian cultural experience"--"

"Buku yang berjudul The Origin of the communist autocracy: political opposition in the Soviet State first phase, 1917-1922 ini membahas tentang otograsi komunis di Rusia pada masa Uni Soviet. Dalam buku ini juga dibahas komite sosialis, oposisi militer, dan juga partai komunis."