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"Meningkatnya kompleksitas dan interkonektivitas dalam globalisasi membuat pengembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) sangat berkembangpesat. Perkembangan teknologi ini menimbulkan berbagai macam aspek, diantaranya memberikan suatu kemudahan bagi penggunanya. Dan menimbulkanbudaya baru dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Implementasi TIK tidak hanya membuat TIK menjadi bernilai sangat strategis.Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi tersebut, dalam pemanfaatan teknologi untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi perbuatan melawan hukum danperlindungan terhadap keamanan nasional terus ditingkatkan. Pemanfaatan teknologi ini dapat bersifat langsung (interception) dan tidak langsung (the use of data). Yang dimaksud dengan pemanfaatan teknologi yang bersifat langsungyaitudengan melakukan intersepsi atau saat ini lebih dikenal dengan istilah Lawful Intercept (LI). Yang dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses intersepsi yang dibenarkan dalam kaca mata hukum.Lawful Interception (LI) mempresentasikan regulasi berpayung hukum atas otorisasi penyelidikan jalur komunikasi pada operator penyelenggaralayanan telekomunikasi untuk tujuan penegakan hukum, menjaga kepentingan keamanan negara serta untuk menangkal upaya terorisme global. Hal ini berarti, intersepsi pada kanal komunikasi baik berupa penyadapan jalur komunikasilayanan suara, sms, ataupun dalam bentuk komunikasi data seperti browsing, chating, email bisa dilakukan secara legal bila jalur-jalur tersebut terindikasi menjadi sarana untuk melakukan suatu tindakan pelanggaran hukum, mengancam keamanan negara serta menjadi media untuk aksi teroris. LI telah menjadi isu penting bagi negara-negara maju seperti Uni Eropa, USA, Australia, dan sejumlah negara Asia untuk diimplementasikan sesuai kebutuhan dari negara-negara bersangkutan

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The increase in the complexity and interconnectivity in the globalization made the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) developing

very fast. The development of this technology caused various aspect sorts, among them to give an ease for his user. And caused the new culture in the everyday life.

The ICT implementation didn't only make ICT become valuable very strategic.Together with the progress of this technology, in the utilization of technology to prevent and deal with the action against the law and the protection towards the

national security continued to be increased. The utilization of this technology could be direct (interception) and indirectly (the use of the data). That was meant with the utilization of technology that was direct that is with interception or at this time more was known with the Lawful Intercept (LI) term. That could be interpreted as a process interception that was justified in the legal aspect.Lawful Interception (LI) presented the law of regulation on authorization of lines of communication investigation to the organizing operator of the

telecommunications service for the aim of law enforcement, maintained the interests of the security of the country as well as to ward off global terrorism efforts. This was significant, interception on communication canal took the form

of the tapping of lines of communication of the voice service, sms, or in the form of data communication like browsing, chatting, the email could be carried out in a legal manner when the lines is indicated became means of carrying out aviolation action of the law, threatened the security of the country as well as to the media for the terrorist's action. LI became important rumors for advanced country like the European Union, the USA, Australia, and several Asian countries to implement in accordance with the requirement from relevant countries."

"In Crimology, Access control is known as one of the six teen technique introduced by Ronald V. Clarks on his famous writing about Situational Crime Prevention. Access control is a concept of some symbolic or physical barrier used to select and determine the mobility entry or exit of human. This concept is also potential to be develop on to it is own concept of security system. This research is about how to implement access control concept as a security system concept. Research was conducted at PT "X", an 35 years old foreign investment company, which is it site located at Pasar rebo District, East Jakarta. PT. "X" is a pharmaceutical company, producing gynecological product including oral contraception, which one of their most famous product is Pil KB Lingkaran Biru. Like others modem pharmaceutical company, PT "X" implement high standard of management principle and quality control, to each function under this company organization, including security function. Also like other manufacturing company, the community inside this company characterize by functional relationship, which then lead their employee into some unique relationship which colored by sub unit bonding in company structure, such as Department division or Section. This condition also become basic consideration to determine the mobility and access of each person who has interest to enter any space or room inside these company site. There are four element, choose as basic requirement if access control like to implemented in these company. Those element are administrational, technical, organizational and personal aspect. All this aspect has correlation and supporting as a system. Administrational aspect gives legitimation and power, technical aspect is a supporting tools to make the program runs easier and possible. Organizational aspect describe procedure and mechanism to do the system. Personal aspect lead to share responsibility and function for each unit in the security system. There are still no guarantee that system base on access control concept can or effective in reducing crime in a work place. But At least, access control can be used as a concept to build a security system at other industrial site which might have same characteristic and with same method."

"This thesis focuses on national regulations on Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) and their consequences to the national security of Indonesia. It is a qualitative research with descriptive analysis using one variable, SALW affairs in Indonesia.

The illicit spread of SALW in Indonesia especially in the conflict areas, such as Mollucas, Poso, Aceh and Papua causes insecurity. The proliferation of illicit SALW in Indonesia has derives from two resources; first, the internal sources, the ones stolen from TNI/Polri storage, sold by active members of TNI/Polri as well as deserters, and local producer of homemade firearms. Second, the external sources, the ones smuggled from Afghanistan, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Philippines, through black market.

As a matter of fact, state should address this issue as one of their national security agenda. Even all of element have responsibilities to creation of national security, state is the major actor in curbing the SALW illicit trafficking. In addition, SALW can not solved by individual country because it relates to transnational actors. UN has an Action Program to curbing the illicit trade of SALW, however, it will be effective if supported by national legislation. Indonesia has some laws to regulate SALW, but it is too general. The weaknesses, especially in term of operational measures, should be adjusted to the recent situation.

I-low to deal with spread of SALW should be prioritized considering geopolitical aspects because Indonesia has four choke point (Malaka, Sunda, lombok and Wetar straits), and most of illicit transaction occurs in the sea territories. As conclusion, the lack of control on SALW proliferation has been exacerbating internal conflicts in Indonesia and decreasing the national security. To solve the problems, the government should work with all stakeholders (include non governmental organization) and create better domestic regulations."

"Penduduk merupakan pelaku penting dalam upaya Hankam Negara untuk meningkatkan Ketahanan Nasionalnya karena ciri-ciri dan perilakunya dapat mempengaruhi upaya Hankam, dilihat dari :A. Kependudukannya.1. Jumlah dan pertumbuhannya terus meningkat Kenaikannya tidak diikuti dengan pertambahan jumlah kebutuhan penduduk secara seimbang sehingga sering menimbulkan berbagai masalah yang mengganggu Ketahanan Nasional.2. Berdasarkan komposisi umur, jenis kelamin dan usia reproduksi, jumlah perempuan lebih banyak dari jumlah laki-laki. Hal ini menunjukkan tingkat fertilitas masih cukup tinggi.3. Kelompok usia muda lebih banyak dibanding kelompok usia tua, berarti masih,menunjukkan lagu pertumbuhan penduduk Indonesia masih cukup tinggi.4. Persebaran penduduk, kepadatannya dan persebaran angkatan kerjanya tidah merata untuk setiap wilayahnya, sehingga sering menimbulkan kerawanan kerawanan di berbagai bidang.5. 78% angkatan kerjanya berpendidikan SD ke bawah, sehingga sumber daya manusianya kurang bisa diproduktifkan dalam pembangunan. B. Pertahanan Keamanan Negaranya.Penduduk yang ditempatkan ke dalam unsur-unsur Hankam masih belum memenuhi persyaratan seperti pada:1. Masih sulit diperoleh dari penduduk yang mampu menggunakan segala jenis perlengkapan militer untuk AL, AU, Artileri dan Havaleri (ADJ,2. Penduduk yang mampu menggunakan senjata dengan kondisi yang ada dan dapat menghancurkan musuh di garis dapan yang dipersiapkan untuk Infantri (AD) masih langka/sulit diperoleh.3. POLRI, berasal dari penduduk berkualitas yang mampu melayani logistik, personil dan lain-lain.4. Rakyat terlatih, cadangan dan Perlindungan Masyarakat, semua berasal dari penduduk yang berkualitas.5. Hasil seleksi langsung dari penduduk, banyak calon yang gagal pada tes Kesamaptaan dan Kesehatan. C. Ketahanan Nasionalnya.Dari delapan Gatra (Asta Gatra) sebagai unsur-unsur Ketahanan Nasional masih terdapat kendala-kendala yang dapat mengancam kelangsungan Hidup Bangsa dan Negara Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, ciri-ciri dan perilaku penduduk serta sosialisasinya dalam kecintaan terhadap tanah air (Bela Negara) harus ditata kembali agar mampu mendukung upaya Hankam Negara dalam rangka meningkatkan Ketahanan Nasional."

"Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis capaian Kebijakan Satu Peta (KSP) Nasional dalam jangka waktu implementasi pada tahun 2016 sampai 2020 serta melihat dampaknya terhadap penguatan keamanan nasional Indonesia. Pemerintah merumuskan KSP atau One Map Policy dikarenakan pemetaan dan pendataan informasi geospasial (IGT) yang sudah ada masih terjadi tumpang tindih dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dalam perumusan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan khususnya dalam rangka memperkuat keamanan nasional Indonesia. KSP yang diimplementasikan secara elektronik pada tahun 2016 menjadi momentum bagi penguatan keamanan nasional Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang dipadukan dengan penelitian kepustakaan dan wawancara mendalam dengan para pemangku kepentingan yang melaksanakan KSP. Ruang lingkup penyelidikan dibatasi pada peta tematik wilayah pertahanan militer yang dibuat dengan perbandingan skala 1:1.000.000 untuk menganalisis aspek militer dan peta tematik Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) 2015 sampai 2019 dengan perbandingan skala 1: 250.000 untuk menganalisis aspek ekonomi pada penguatan keamanan nasional. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemetaan dan pengumpulan data informasi geospasial telah dilakukan sebelum dan setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia untuk keperluan transportasi, eksplorasi sumber daya alam, kepentingan ekonomi dan militer. Keberhasilan implementasi KSP ialah telah berhasil menyatukan 85 peta tematik dari berbagai kementerian/lembaga menjadi satu standar, satu database, satu referensi ke dalam satu geoportal nasional. Pada peta tematik wilayah pertahanan telah terimplementasi dan memperjelas batas darat dan laut nasional. Untuk hasil peta tematik RPJMN 2015 sampai 2019 telah terimplementasi dan memberikan informasi proyek pembangunan yang dilakukan pemerintah ke dalam satu peta elektronik geoportal nasional. KSP diperbaharui dengan Perpres No. 23 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Perpres No. 9 Tahun 2016 tentang Percepatan Pelaksanaan KSP pada tingkat ketelitian skala 1:50.000.

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This study aims to analyze the implementation of the National One Map Policy (KSP) during 2016-2020 and its impact on strengthening Indonesia's national security. The government formulated the KSP or One Map Policy, because the existing mapping and data collection of geospatial information (IGT) was overlapped and has not been optimum yet on its policy’s formulation and implementation, especially in the context of strengthening Indonesia's national security. KSP which was implemented electronically in 2016 became one of the momentums for strengthening Indonesia's national security. This study used qualitative methods combined with library research and in-depth interviews with stakeholders who formulated and implemented KSP. The scope of the investigation was limited to the thematic map of the military defense area made with a ratio of 1: 1,000,000 to analyze the strengthening of military aspects and the thematic map of the 2015 to 2019 National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) with a scale of 1: 250,000 to analyze economic aspects in strengthening national security. The results of this study found that mapping and data collection of geospatial information had been carried out before and after Indonesia's independence for transportation, natural resource exploration, economic and military purposes. The implementation of KSP achieved the goal by integrating 85 thematic maps from various ministries/agencies with same standard, database, and reference into one national geoportal. On the defense area’s thematic map, it implemented and helped to clarify the national land and sea boundaries and for the thematic map of the 2015 - 2019 RPJMN, it implemented and provided information on development projects carried out by the government into one National Geoportal electronic map. The amendment of KSP was amended with Presidential Regulation Number 23 of 2021 concerning amendments to Presidential Regulation Number 9 of 2016 focusing on the acceleration of KSP implementation at a scale of accuracy of 1:50,000."

"Konsep komunitas keamanan berusaha untuk menentang dominasi pemikiran realis dalam kajian keamanan, dengan pandangan bahwa hubungan damai antarnegara dapat tercipta, dengan adanya lsquo;dependable expectation of peaceful change rsquo; di dalam komunitas keamanan. Meski demikian, bagaimana konsep ini mewujudkan hal tersebut masih diperdebatkan dalam berbagai literatur yang menggunakan berbagai pandangan berbeda dalam penjelasannya, seperti democratic peace theory, international community, liberal peace, atau neo-liberal institusionalism. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh minimnya penjelasan yang disampaikan oleh Karl Deutsch, sebagai pelopor dari konsep ini. Oleh karenanya, tulisan ini akan mencoba untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pembentukan komunitas keamanan serta memaparkan indikator-indikator apa yang dapat menunjukkan telah terbentuknya suatu komunitas keamanan pada suatu kawasan. Pendapat tersebut didatangkan dari pemetaan dan pembahasan berbagai literatur yang menjelaskan faktor-faktor pembentuk komunitas keamanan. Penulis berargumen bahwa komunitas keamanan dibentuk oleh tiga faktor, yakni identitas kolektif dan kompatibilitas nilai; power; dan institusi, yang saling berkaitan. Selain itu, penulis melihat bahwa keberhasilan terbentuknya komunitas keamanan dapat dilihat melalui adanya diskursus mengenai identitas kolektif dan norma komunitas, yang memperlihatkan adanya mutual trust dan dibedakannya insiders dan outsiders; definisi bersama mengenai ancaman, yang menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan militer dan capacity building diarahkan pada ancaman bersama; stabilitas domestik, yang memperlihatkan internalisasi sifat pasifis; keberadaan core states atau terdapatnya supranational institution untuk menentukan tindakan kolektif, memastikan tidak digunakannya kekerasan, dan memastikan keamanan anggota komunitas; multilateralisme, yang menunjukkan koordinasi dan korvergensi kepentingan; cooperative dan comprehensive security, yang memperlihatkan keterkaitan dan kesamaan persepsi akan ancaman; dan mekanisme penggunaan kekuatan militer. Melihat hal tersebut, penulis juga melihat bahwa konsep komunitas keamanan merupakan lsquo;via media rsquo; bagi berbagai teori dan perspektif ilmu komunitas keamanan, yang menginkorporasikan baik aspek rasionalis maupun sosiologis dalam hubungan antarnegara, atau yang dinyatakan sebagai konstruktivisme moderat.

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The concept of security community tries to contest the domination of realism in security studies with its argument that states could maintain a peaceful relationship among them, through the dependable expectation of peaceful change rsquo; in a security community. However, how the concept manifests that condition is still debatable in various literatures that use different perspectives in their explanations, such as democratic peace theory, international community, liberal peace, or neo-liberal institutionalism. The debate is caused by the lack of explanation in Karl Deutsch work, as a pioneer of the concept. Therefore, this literature review seeks to define factors that influence the formation of security community and to suggest some points that indicate the successful and working constitution of security community in a region. The outcomes derive from the mapping and the observation of various literatures that elaborate the factors that constitute the security community. I argue that security community is constituted by three factors, namely collective identity and the compatibily of values; power; and institutions, which are interrelated. Furthermore, the successful formation of security community then can be indicated by the presence of discourses on collective identity and the norms of the community, which show the presence of mutual trust and identification of insiders and outsiders; shared definition of threats, as it ensures any use of force is directed to them; domestic stability, that shows internalized pacifism; the existence of core states or the establishment of supranational institution to determine collective action, to ensure the non-use of violent, and to ensure the security of the members of community; cooperative and comprehensive security, which show interrelated and common perception of security; and the mechanism of use of military force. Departing from those points, I also consider that the concept of security community is a via media of various theory and perspective in International Relations that incorporates both rational and sosiological aspects in interstate relations, or what is considered as moderate constructivism."

"Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pentingnya mitigasi potensi ancaman terhadap implementasi golden visa di Indonesia terhadap keamanan nasional. Kebijakan golden visa sudah banyak dilakukan oleh banyak negara guna menghadapi persaingan global yang disebabkan oleh derasnya arus globalisasi. Namun, dalam perkembangannya banyak negara yang kemudian menghentikan atau memberikan evaluasi pada kebijakan tersebut menyusul kekhawatiran atas potensi ancaman yang menganggu keamanan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan intelijen serta collaborative governance sebagai kerangka analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap key informan serta studi literatur terhadap sumber terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan golden visa dapat memberikan dampak terhadap perekonomian nasional, akan tetapi untuk menghadapi potensi ancaman yang dapat muncul seperti tindak pidana pencucian uang, konflik sosial, pendanaan terorisme, serta pelanggaran keimigrasian maka kolaborasi dalam melakukan analisis intelijen melalui wadah Timpora memiliki suatu peran yang strategis. Memaksimalkan Timpora dalam melakukan analisis intelijen diantara akan dapat memberikan optimalisasi terhadap upaya mitigasi potensi ancaman golden visa di Indonesia serta memberikan implikasi pada ketahanan nasional yang dimiliki.

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This research discusses the importance of mitigating potential threats to the implementation of the golden visa in Indonesia on national security. The golden visa policy has been implemented by many countries to face global competition caused by the rapid flow of globalization. However, in the course of its development, many countries then stopped or evaluated this policy following concerns over potential threats that could disrupt national security. This research uses an intelligence and collaborative governance approach as an analytical framework. This research uses qualitative methods and research data collection is carried out by conducting interviews with key informants and studying literature on open sources. The research results show that the golden visa can have an impact on the national economy, however, to deal with potential threats that could arise such as money laundering crimes, social conflicts, terrorism financing, and immigration violations, collaboration in conducting intelligence analysis through Timpora has a strategic role. . Optimizing Timpora in conducting intelligence analysis will be able to provide optimization of efforts to mitigate the potential threat of the golden visa in Indonesia as well as have implications for national resilience."