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"Buku ini berisi mengenai panduan pelaksanaan peringatan hari AIDS sedunia tahun 1997."

"Pada beberapa tahun ini, peningkatan keparahan penyakit kronis dan gangguan kualitas hidup berhubungan dengan kondisi overweight pada orang dewasa dan termasuk dalam chronic low grade Inflamation. Penelitan terhadap kondisi overweight pada orang dewasa dilihat dari sisi imunitas tergambarkan pada beberapa mediator sel imun khususnya sitokin dalam hal ini TNF-α, IL-6 dan IL-10. Sitokin inflamasi pada individu overweight diproduksi berlebih oleh white adipose tissue sehingga terjadi ketidakseimbangan dalam imunitas. Kuesioner Status imun dapat menilai kerentanan seseorang terhadap penyakit yang berhubungan dengan imunitas. Melalui penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan mediator inflamasi: TNF-α/IL-10 dengan skor status Imunitas menggunakan kuesioner yang tervalidasi dan membandingkan sitokin tersebut antara kelompok golongan non- dan Overweight -Obesitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan data kuesioner pada 100 subjek yang diukur serum darah TNFα, IL-10 menggunakan teknik magnetic luminex multiplex immunoassay. Hasil analisa didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara nilai TNFα di kelompok non- dengan nilai TNFα pada kelompok obese-overweight dengan p= 0.028 (p<0.05) dan pada rasio sitokin tersebut dengan p= 0.032(p<0.05). Hubungan skor ISQ dengan TNFa korelasi p=0.039 (p<0.05). Dapat disimpulkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara TNFα berikut rasionya dengan skor ISQ serta ditemukan kadar TNFα dan rasionya pada kelompok overweigth-obese lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok non Overweight -Obesitas

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In recent years, increased severity of chronic disease and impaired quality of life have been associated with overweight in adults and as part chronic low grade inflammation. Research on overweight conditions in adults in terms of immunity is described in several immune cell mediators, especially cytokines in this case TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. Inflammatory cytokines in overweight individuals are produced in excess by white adipose tissue, resulting in an imbalance in immunity. The Immune Status Questionnaire can assess a person's susceptibility to immune-related diseases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between inflammatory mediators: TNF-α/IL-10 with Immunity status scores using a validated questionnaire and compare these cytokines between the non- and Overweight-Obesity groups. This study was cross-sectional study with questionnaire data on 100 subjects and blood serum TNFα, IL-10 were measured using magnetic luminex multiplex immunoassay technique. The results of the analysis showed a significant difference between the TNFα in the non-group and the TNFα in the obese-overweight group with p= 0.028 (p<0.05) and the ratio with p= 0.032 (p<0.05). The relationship between ISQ scores and TNFa correlation p=0.039 (p<0.05). It concluded that there is a significant relationship between TNFα and its ratio with ISQ scores and found TNFα levels and ratios in the overweight-obese group were higher than in the non-Overweight-Obesity group"

"This book is a unique resource that will help pediatric radiologists, pediatricians, and pediatric endocrinologists to optimize the work-up and treatment of pediatric patients with endocrine disorders. Acclaimed experts in the field present and discuss the imaging findings obtained in disorders of the various endocrine systems, including the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, the thyroid and parathyroids, the adrenals, and the pancreas. Detailed advice is also provided on the assessment of bone growth and on imaging of the fetal glands, ambiguous genitalia, and the female pelvis in the context of precocious puberty. Throughout, care is taken to highlight characteristic findings and diagnostic clues. All of the currently used imaging techniques are covered, with clear explanation of their benefits and limitations. The informative text is supported by a wealth of high-quality illustrations, the large majority of them in color."

"The editor of this volume, having research interests in the field of ROS production and the damage to cellular systems, has identified a number of enzymes showing ·OH scavenging activities details of which are anticipated to be published in the near future as confirmatory experiments are awaited. It is hoped that the information presented in this book on NDs will stimulate both expert and novice researchers in the field with excellent overviews of the current status of research and pointers to future research goals. Also the insights gained should be valuable for further understanding of the diseases at molecular levels and should lead to development of new biomarkers, novel diagnostic tools and more effective therapeutic drugs to treat the clinical problems raised by these devastating diseases."

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ABSTRACTSince the publication of the first edition of the Handbook of Human Immunology in 1997, major scientific achievements have directly contributed to an increased understanding of the complexities of the human immune system in health and disease. Whether as a result of the sequencing of the entire human genome, or of technological advancements, several new components of the immune system have been revealed, along with new technologies for their measurement and evaluation.Major breakthroughs in the field include an increase in the number of recognized "clusters of differentiation" on the surface of leukocytes and associated cells, the establishment of a chemokine and chemokine receptor nomenclature system, the discovery of more than 30 lymphokines, and humanized monoclonal antibody therapy as a staple of pharmacologic armamentarium.Modeling the previous edition, the text begins with an overview of the immune system, focusing on the role of cell receptors, accessory molecules, and cytokines in immune responses and immunological disorders. It then presents a practical, easy-to-read chapter on "statistics in immunological testing" an invaluable asset for interpreting test results, validating new tests, and developing reference ranges. Simultaneously, the text emphasizes clinically relevant immunological parameters and clarifies the basic principles underlying immune system assays, and applications and interpretations of immune tests. A complete guide to molecular and cellular immunology for practicing clinicians, clinical laboratory professionals, and students, this resource combines basic explanations of laboratory tests with more than 100 tables full of references, and up-to-date information on new developments in immunogenetics. "

"Cardiovasculer Diseases (CVD) adalah penyakit jantung yang meliputi empat hal yaitu (1) coronary arterial diseases (CAD) atau penyakit jantung koroner (PJK); (2) cerebrovaskular diseases termasuk stroke dan ischemic transient attack (TIA); (3) penyakit arteri yaitu perifer arterial diseases (PAD) dan (4) aterosklerosis aorta. CVD menjadi salah satu pembunuh nomor satu di dunia, karena banyak faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi baik yang dapat dimodifikasi dan yang tidak bisa dimodifikasi sehingga sulit ditangani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian CVD di PT. X. Untuk saat ini di PT. X faktor risiko yang bepotensi menyumbang kejadian CVD 10 tahun mendatang sudah mulai muncul berdasarkan data kesehatan pemeriksaan kesehatan rutin tahunan pekerja tahun 2021. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan tahunan 2021 terdapat peningkatan faktor risiko CVD meliputi angka obesitas 65,5%; kolesterol total tinggi 50,13%; diabetes mellitus 4,3 % dan hipertensi 5,79%. Studi ini merupakan studi cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menganalisis data primer dan sekunder untuk menggambarkan faktor risiko CVD termasuk prediksi 10 tahun mendatang bagi para responden menggunakan metode Framingham Risk Score (FRS), Skor Kardiovasar Jakarta (SKJ) dan WHO Chart serta menganalisis risiko CVD di PT X tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dengan metode Framingham Risk Score (FRS); Skor Kardiovaskuler Jakarta (SKJ) dan WHO Chart diperoleh persentase responden dengan risiko tinggi terjadinya CVD masing-masing adalah (10,2%); (18,7%) dan (1,7 %) dengan (n=235). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukan dari beberapa faktor risiko didapatkan bahwa (46,0%) responden berusia dibawah 40 tahun dan (77,0%) responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki., sedang untuk faktor risiko CVD merokok didapatkan (26,8%); BMI dengan obesitas (26%); HDL poor (34,5%); kolesterol total tinggi (37,9%); diabetes militus (10,6 %); tekanan darah tinggi (11,9%) dan mempunyai aktivitas rendah (93,2%). Faktor risiko dominan berupa merokok dari hasil analisis diperoleh pula nilai (OR=13,7), artinya seseorang yang merokok mempunyai peluang 13,7 kali berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami CVD dibandingkan dengan seseorang yang tidak merokok. Selain merokok adalah diabetes mellitus, dengan nilai (OR=7,6) artinya seseorang yang mengalami diabetes mempunyai peluang 7,6 kali berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami CVD dibandingkan dengan seseorang yang tidak diabetes mellitus. Juga HDL, dari hasil analisis diperoleh nilai (OR=7,7), artinya seseorang yang memiliki HDL rendah mempunyai peluang 7,7 kali berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami CVD dibandingkan dengan seseorang yang HDL tinggi. Secara garis besar masukan terhadap perusahaan adalah program pencegahan CVD agar dibuat continues dan serentak di berbagai Region atau Unit, serta meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran pekerja akan pentingnya menjaga kesehatan dan menerapkan reward dan konsekuensi secara lebih konsisten.

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Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) is heart disease which includes four major diseases, namely (1) coronary arterial diseases (CAD) or coronary heart disease (CHD); (2) cerebrovascular diseases including stroke and ischemic transient attack (TIA); (3) arterial disease, namely peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) and (4) aortic atherosclerosis. CVD is one of the number one killer diseases in the world, because there are many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that affect it and making it difficult to treat. The purpose of this study was to analyse various factors related to be CVD at PT. X. Currently at PT. X risk factors that have the potential to contribute to be CVD in the next 10 years have started to appear based on the health data for the 2021 annual routine medical examination of workers. Based on the results of the 2021 annual health examination, there is an increase in CVD risk factors including an obesity rate of 65.5%; high total cholesterol 50.13%; diabetes mellitus 4.3% and hypertension 5.79%. This study is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach by analysing primary and secondary data to describe CVD risk factors including predictions for the next 10 years for respondents using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) method, Jakarta Cardiovascular Score (SKJ) and WHO Chart as well as analysing CVD risk at PT X in 2022. This study found that using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) method; The Jakarta Cardiovascular Score (SKJ) and the WHO Chart obtained the percentage of respondents with a high risk of developing CVD, respectively (10.2%); (18.7%) and (1.7%) with (n=235). The results of the study also showed that from several risk factors it was found that (46.0%) of respondents were under 40 years old and (77.0%) of respondents were male, while for CVD risk factors smoking was obtained (26.8%); BMI with obesity (26%); poor HDL (34.5%); high total cholesterol (37.9%); diabetes mellitus (10.6%); high blood pressure (11.9%) and have low activity (93.2%). The dominant risk factor in this study is smoking. From the results of the smoking analysis also obtained a value (OR = 13.7, meaning that someone who smokes has a 13.7 times higher risk of getting CVD compared to someone who does not smoke. Other dominant risk factor is diabetes mellitus, with a value (OR = 7.6) meaning that someone who has diabetes has a 7.6 times higher risk of getting CVD compared to someone who does not have diabetes mellitus. Also, HDL with the results of the analysis obtained a value (OR = 7.7), meaning that someone who has low HDL has a 7.7 times higher risk of getting CVD compared to someone with high HDL. Main input to the company is a CVD prevention program to be made continuously and simultaneously in various Regions or Units, as well as increasing employee knowledge and awareness of the importance of maintaining health and implementing rewards and consequences more consistently."