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"Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) yang difermentasi selama 7 hari secara alami tanpa penambahan inokulum yang hasilnya disebut dengan PKMK. Produk fermentasi ditambahkan dengan telur Hermetia illucens L. (Maggot) dan diinkubasi selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kenaikan berat dan panjang maggot. Analisis proksimat menunjukkan kenaikan berat kering, nitrogen total dan serat, tetapi terjadi penurunan lemak dan abu.

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Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) was naturally fermented for 7 days without any addition of inoculum mentioned as Palm Kernel Meal conversion (PKMK). It was added with eggs of Hermetia illucens L. and incubated for 14 days. The results showed that the maggot had increased in mass weight and lenght at the end of the experiment. The proximate analysis of the PKMK showed an increasing of dry content, total nitrogen and fiber, however decreasing of lipid and ash"

"Indonesia is the second world producer of palm oil after Malaysia. Beside production of the palm oil, the industry is also yields a huge of amounts of palm kernel meal (PKM or Bungkil sawit). Utilization of PKM is still limited for cosmetic industrial and margarine. Hem et al. 2008a reported that PKM fermentation was used to bioconversion of maggot larvae. The most popular insect used in this particular case is the Black Soldier (BS) fly, Hermetia illucens L (maggot) (Stratiomyidae, Diptera). Hermetia illucens L. is a non-pest tropical and warm-temperate insect that has been found useful for managing large concentrations of bio-solids as well as other by-products and wastes (O'Mara et al.1999; Choct 2001). Many research studies on the larvae of Hermetia illucens L. have also been conducted in Southeast Asian countries and expanded in Indonesia. As previously reported, Hermetia illucens L. has been found effective in reducing the mass of solid wastes (Lim et al. 2001).Research study of Palm Kernel Meal conversion and bacterial succession by Hermetia illucens L. larvae (maggot). The objective of this research are: to observed how to PKM conversion occured, isolation the bacteria, study bacterial succession, to observe changing of physical parameters of substrate and storage room, and analyze the proximate value. The study consists of two part: (1) to describe the process of PKM bioconversion. (2) to describe bacterial succession by Hermetia illucens L. larvae (maggot). The research was carried out at the Loka Riset Budidaya Ikan Hias Air Tawar; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Laboratory, Depok; Microbiology Laboratory -Department of Biology, FMIPA, University of Indonesia, Depok during July 2008 -- June 2009. The study of the Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) naturally conversion of Hermetia illusens L. larvae was carried out. The substrate of PKM was added by sterilized water with the composition of 1:2 (Hem et al. 2008a). The natural conversion was done for 7 days. Sampling and isolation bacteria from PKM bioconversion was carried out every day. The isolation of bacteria was done with dilution methods by Otoguro (2006) and purification was carried out with quadrant methods by Cappucino and Sherman (2002)."

"ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kemampuan tiga strain R. microsporus UICC500, UICC 531, dan UICC 539 dalam memfermentasi campuran lumpur danbungkil sawit 3:1 dan 4:1 nonsteril, serta 3:1 dan 4:1 steril, selanjutnya menganalisis perubahan komposisi karbohidrat, lemak, protein, air, dan abu campuran limbah setelah fermentasi. Konsentrasi inokulum sebesar 10 v/b ,dengan jumlah sel awal sebanyak 1x107 CFU/mL digunakan dalam campurandengan berat total 20g. Kemampuan R. microsporus memfermentasi campuran lumpur dan bungkil sawit ditunjukkan melalui pertumbuhan R. microsporus padacampuran limbah sawit, yaitu morfologi, jumlah sel/mL, kepadatan miselium, dansporulasi; pengamatan pada campuran limbah sawit, yaitu warna, kekompakan,aroma, dan pH; serta perubahan komposisi campuran limbah sawit. Hasilpengamatan mengindikasikan Rhizopus microsporus UICC 500, UICC 531, danUICC 539 tidak memfermentasi campuran lumpur dan bungkil 4:1 nonsterilyang ditunjukkan dengan tidak ada pertumbuhan ketiga strain tersebut. Rhizopusmicrosporus UICC 539 memfermentasi campuran lumpur dan bungkil sawit 3:1 nonsteril, 3:1 steril, 4:1 steril yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya pertumbuhan.Rhizopus microsporus UICC 500 dan UICC 531 memfermentasi campuran lumpur dan bungkil sawit 3:1 dan 4:1 steril yang ditunjukkan dengan adanyapertumbuhan. Pertumbuhan tercepat dan jumlah sel terbanyak pada campuranlumpur dan bungkil sawit 3:1 steril ditunjukkan oleh R. microsporus UICC 539yaitu 1,77 x108 CFU/mL, selanjutnya R. microsporus UICC 531 yaitu 1,35 x108CFU/mL, dan R. microsporus UICC 500 yaitu 1,3 x 108 CFU/mL. Rhizopusmicrosporus UICC 539 dapat mengubah komposisi campuran lumpur dan bungkil 3:1 steril setelah lima hari fermentasi, yaitu dapat meningkatkan kandunganprotein, karbohidrat, dan abu pada campuran limbah steril sebanyak 16 , 1,71 ,dan 17,5 secara berturut-turut, serta menurunkan kandungan lemak dan airsebanyak 48 dan 0,1.

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ABSTRACT This study aims to test the ability of three strains of R. microsporus UICC 500,531 UICC and UICC 539 to ferment slurry and kernel cake mixtures 3 1 and4 1 non sterile, and 3 1 and 4 1 sterile, then analyzes the composition change carbohydrates, fats, protein, water and ash of waste mixtures after fermentation.Fermentation of slurry and palm kernel cake mixtures with inoculumconcentration of 10 v w of the total weight from the mixtures as much as 20 gwith initial cell number 1x107 CFU mL. Rhizopus microsporus was able toferment slurry and kernel cake mixtures, showed by growth of R. microsporus onwaste mixtures, includes morphology, number of cells mL, density of mycelium,and sporulation the observation of slurry and kernel cake mixtures, includes color,compactness, odor, and pH, and also the change of waste mixtures rsquo s composition.The observation results indicated that R. microsporus UICC 500, UICC 531, andUICC 539 were unable to ferment the slurry and kernel cake 4 1 non sterilemixtures, showed by no growth. Rhizopus microsporus UICC 539 was able toferment the slurry and kernel cake mixtures 3 1 non sterile, 3 1 sterile, 4 1 sterile, indicated by growth on the mixtures. Rhizopus microsporus UICC 500 andUICC 531 was able to ferment slurry and kernel cake mixtures 3 1 and 4 1 sterile, showed by growth on the mixtures. The fastest growth and the highestnumber of cells showed by Rhizopus microsporus UICC 539 with 1.77 x108CFU mL, then Rhizopus microsporus UICC 531 with 1.35 x108 CFU mL, and R.microsporus UICC 500 with 1.3 x108 CFU mL on slurry and kernel cake mixtures 3 1 sterile. Rhizopus microsporus UICC 539 was able to change the compositionof slurry and kernel cake 3 1 sterile mixtures after five days fermentation. Theprotein, carbohydrates, and ash content increased by 16 , 1.71 , and 17.5 ,respectively, whereas fats and water content decreased by 48 and 0.1 ,respectively."

"Limbah industri kelapa sawit Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) dan sampah organik mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi namun belum dimanfaatkan dengan optimal. Pengelolaan sampah yang baik harus dilakukan dengan daur ulang sampah organic. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan solusi berupa biokonversi menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) dengan penambahan perlakuan fermentasi untuk mengoptimalkan proses biokonversi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh fermentasi PKM dan sampah organik terhadap pertumbuhan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF); dan kandungan nutrisi larva BSF. Larva BSF berusia 6 hari (6-DOL) dipelihara pada media pertumbuhan dengan lima perlakuan berbeda, yaitu campuran limbah PKM dan sampah organik fermentasi dan tanpa fermentasi, Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk dan uji homogenitas Levene’s test, dilanjutkan dengan uji ANOVA dengan derajat kepercayaan α=0,05. Hasil penelitian diperoleh campuran limbah dengan fermentasi efektif digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan larva BSF dalam meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup, konsumsi pakan, indeks reduksi limbah, dan kandungan nutrien berupa protein dan lemak yang tinggi. Sedangkan campuran limbah tanpa fermentasi efektif dalam meningkatkan biomassa larva dan efisiensi konversi pakan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan penambahan perlakuan fermentasi PKM dan sampah organik sebagai media pertumbuhan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan larva BSF. Penambahan fermentasi PKM dan sampah organik berpengaruh terhadap kandungan nutrisi larva BSF.

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Palm oil industrial waste Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) and organic waste contain high organic matter but have not been utilized optimally. Good waste management must be done by recycling biowaste. Therefore, we need a solution, namely by bioconversion using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae with the addition of fermentation treatment to optimize this bioconversion process. This research aims to analyze the effect of PKM and organic waste fermentation on the growth of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae and nutritional content of BSF larvae. BSF larvae aged 6 days (6-DOL) were maintained on the feed media with five different treatments, namely a mixture of PKM and organic waste fermented and unfermented. Data analysis used was the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality and the Levene's test of homogeneity, continued with ANOVA test with a degree of confidence α =0.05. The results of research showed fermented waste mixture was effectively used as a growth media for BSF larvae in increasing survival rate of BSF larvae, feed consumption rate, waste reduction index, and high nutrient content namely protein and lipid. While the unfermented waste mixture was effectively used as a growth medium for BSF larvae in increasing the biomass of BSF larvae and efficiency conversion of ingested food. The results of data analysis showed that the addition of PKM and organic waste fermentation treatment as a growth medium had no significant effect on the growth of BSF larvae. The addition of PKM and organic waste fermentation affected the nutritional content of BSF larvae."

"Indonesia saat ini mengalami penurunan produksi minyak seiring semakin tuanya sumur-sumur produksi. Salah satu lokasi sumur minyak tersebut adalah lapangan Rantau yang terletak di Aceh Tamiang. Banyaknya studi EOR yang terkait dengan karakter reservoirnya, menyebabkan lapangan ini dijadikan sebagai model untuk penelitian EOR. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah diteliti potensi Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 menggunakan minyak zaitun yang menghasilkan biosurfaktan dengan karakteristik tahan pada konsentrasi garam dan suhu tinggi yang sesuai dengan karakteristik reservoir lapangan Rantau. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji lebih lanjut yang bertujuan untuk mengukur potensi biosurfaktan yang dihasilkan oleh Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 menggunakan Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) untuk aplikasi EOR. Optimasi produksi dilakukan menggunakan analisis single factor dan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan parameter konsentrasi POME, konsentrasi NaCl, masa inkubasi dan pH terhadap aktivitas biosurfaktan yang diukur berdasarkan nilai Oil Displacement Area (ODA). Kondisi optimum untuk biokonversi POME menjadi biosurfaktan dengan metode curah berdasarkan analisis RSM diperoleh dalam medium yang mengandung POME 16% (v/v), NaCl 4,7% (w/v), pH 6,7 dan waktu inkubasi 112 jam. Pada kondisi optimum ini diperoleh ekstrak kasar sekitar 3,98 g/L±0,18 kultur dengan nilai ODA 3,6 cm. Sifat fisikokimia biosurfaktan yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) sebesar 280 mg/L dengan penurunan tegangan permukaan sebesar 16,5 mN/m, serta nilai E24 tertinggi diperoleh pada minyak mentah CR-04 (Naphthenic–naphthenic) yaitu 76,33%±0,57. Hasil uji stabilitas dengan metode sebaran minyak diperoleh bahwa surfaktan dapat bekerja optimal pada rentang pH 6-10, konsentrasi garam 15-20% (w/v), dan suhu 45-65 oC. Tipe biosurfaktan berdasarkan spektrum FT-IR dan LC-MS tergolong kedalam golongan asam lemak. Melalui uji EOR diperoleh nilai IFT terendah 0,03 mN/m pada uji stabilitas termal, tergolong kategori fase tipe III dengan karakter water-wet dari hasil uji kelakuan fasa dan kebasahan batuan. Kinerja faktor perolehan (recovery factor) skala laboratorium adalah 23,89% pada pengukuran imbibisi. Faktor perolehan yang didapat dengan metoda core flooding relatif terhadap persentase Saturated oil residue (Sor) adalah 7,7%, Saturated oil initial (Soi) adalah 5,1%. Berdasarkan data fisikokimia dan hasil uji EOR, biosurfaktan dari Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai surfaktan EOR.

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Indonesia is currently experiencing a decline in oil production as production wells are getting old. One of the locations for the oil well is the Rantau field, located in Aceh Tamiang. The number of EOR studies related to the character of the reservoir, causes this field to be used as a model for EOR research. In a previous study, the potential of Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 using olive oil was investigated which produces biosurfactants with resistant characteristics at salt concentrations and high temperatures that are in accordance with the characteristics of the Rantau field reservoir. In this study, further tests were carried out aimed at measuring the potential of the biosurfactant produced by Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 using Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) for EOR applications. Production optimization was carried out using single factor analysis and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with parameters of POME concentration, NaCl concentration, incubation period and pH of biosurfactant activity measured based on the value of Oil Displacement Area (ODA). The optimum conditions for the bioconversion of POME to biosurfactant by bulk method based on RSM analysis were obtained in a medium containing POME 16% (v/v), NaCl 4.7% (w/v), pH 6.7 and incubation time of 112 hours. At this optimum condition, crude extract was obtained about 3.98 g/L±0.18 culture with an ODA value of 3.6 cm. The physicochemical properties of the biosurfactants produced have a Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) value of 280 mg/L with a decrease in surface tension of 16.5 mN/m, and the highest E24 value was obtained in crude oil CR-04 (Naphthenic–naphthenic) which was 76.33 %±0.57. The results of the stability test using the oil distribution method showed that the surfactant could work optimally in the pH range of 6-10, the salt concentration of 15-20% (w/v), and the temperature of 45-65 oC. The type of biosurfactant based on the FT-IR and LC-MS spectrum belongs to the fatty acid group. Through the EOR test, the lowest IFT value was 0.03 mN/m in the thermal stability test, belonging to the type III phase category with water-wet character from the results of phase behavior and rock wetness tests. The performance of the laboratory scale recovery factor was 23.89% on the imbibition measurement. The recovery factor obtained by the core flooding method relative to the percentage of Saturated oil residue (Sor) was 7.7%, Saturated oil initial (Soi) was 5.1%. Based on the physicochemical data and EOR test results, the biosurfactant from Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 has the potential to be further developed as an EOR surfactant."

"Pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor yang mendukung dalam pemenuhan kebutuhanpangan di Indonesia. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang ada di Indonesia setiap tahuntidak sebanding dengan hasil panen pertanian yang semakin menurun. Pemilihan pupukkimia untuk meningkatkan hasil pertanian dinilai tidak efektif karena dinilai tidak ramahlingkungan. Salah satu cara alternatif untuk meningkatkan hasil panen adalah denganmemanfaatkan bakteri sebagai pendukung pertumbuhan tanaman atau Plant GrowthPromoting Bacteria (PGPB). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan bakteri yangberpotensi sebagai pendukung pertumbuhan tanaman meliputi kemampuan dalamproduksi Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), pelarutan fosfat, kitinase, dan selulase. Larva lalattentara hitam dinilai dapat menjadi sumber bakteri karena kemampuan konversi biowasteyang relatif cepat, sehingga diduga berkorelasi dengan bakteri yang terdapat di larva.Isolasi bakteri dari larva lalat tentara hitam dilakukan pada fase larva instar I dan Vdengan 4 variasi medium isolasi (Casein Starch Agar, Carboxymethyl Cellulose agar,Yeast Extract-suplemented Minimal agar, dan Skim Milk Agar). Setiap isolat yang telahdidapat telah berhasil dilakukan penapisan produksi IAA, aktivitas pelarutan fosfat,aktivitas enzim selulolitik, dan aktivitas enzim kitinolitik. Selain itu, setiap isolat telahdilakukan karakterisasi secara morfologi dan sifat biokimia. Sebanyak 22 isolat telahdidapatkan dengan kode B1-B22, 5 (B1, B11, B15, B16, dan B21) dari seluruh isolattersebut memiliki hasil positif pada dua penapisan uji aktivitas dan 9 isolat memiliki hasilpositif pada satu penapisan uji aktivitas. Isolat B21 merupakan isolat terbaik karenamemiliki hasil positif pada dua uji (uji aktivitas enzim selulolitik dan kitinolitik) danmemiliki nilai tertinggi pada kedua uji tersebut. Isolat B21 diduga berasal dari dari genusGardnerella atau Haemophilus berdasarkan tabel identifikasi.

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Agriculture is one of the sectors that support the fulfillment of food demand in Indonesia.

Increasing in the number of people in Indonesia every year is not proportional to the

decreasing agricultural yields. The use of chemical compounds to increase agricultural

yields is considered ineffective because it can damage the surrounding environment. One

alternative way to increase crop yields is to use bacteria as Plant Growth Promoting

Bacteria (PGPB). This study aims to obtain bacteria that have the potential to support

plant growth including the ability to produce Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), phosphate

solubilization, chitinase, and cellulase. Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae are considered a

source of bacteria because their role in bioconversion of organic waste are thought to be

correlated with bacteria in BSF larvae. Isolation of bacteria from BSF larvae was carried

out using larval stages instars I and V with 4 variations of isolation medium (Casein

Starch Agar, Carboxymethyl Cellulose agar, Yeast Extract-supplemented Minimal agar,

and Skim Milk Agar). Isolates have been successfully screened for IAA production,

phosphate solubilization activity, cellulolytic enzyme activity, and chitinolytic enzyme

activity. In addition, each isolate has been characterized by morphological

characterization and biochemical tests. A total of 22 isolates were obtained with codes

B1-B22, five isolates (B1, B11, B15, B16, and B21) of these isolates had positive results

in two activity tests and nine isolates had positive results in one activity test. Isolate B21

was the best isolate because the isolate showed positive results in two tests (cellulolytic

and chitinolytic enzyme activity tests) and had the highest score in both tests. The isolate

B21 is believed to be a member of the genus Gardnerella or Haemophilus based on the

identification table."

"Mannan is an oligo-saccharide that was used for human health as a prebiotic food and is producedfrom hydrolysis of palm kernel cake, coconut seed copra and coke waste. Domestically, palm kernelcake and copra utilized for low efficiency metabolized animal feed A t this moment, via glico-science andtechnology route, these farming waste using mannanase could be degraded to produce functional oligosaccharide such as mannose and manno-oligosaccharide. Around 20-40% of palm kernel cake fibrousfrom CPO waste consist beta-mannan. In the beginning, palm kernel cake fibrous qualitative andquantitative analysis and mannan preparation was done for the next enzymatic processing (fermentationstep). Optimum condition of palm kernel cake residue hydrolysis was 110°C used heating process till 1_5hour and 2% mass acid catalyst of 150 g/L, palm kernel cake residue solution. Here, hydrolysis 150 g/Lsubstrate solution at 90" C used heating process till 1.5 hour produced 19.1% mass mannan. Hydrolisisusing Streptomyces and Saccharopolyspora (strains from B TCC) resulted that both isolates have apotential to produce mannanase and this raw enzyme qualitativlyt capable to hydrolysis palm kernel cakefor producing oligo-saccharides. Both isolates produced mannanase which higher specific activity after24 hour inoculation of palm kernel cake residue solution."

"Larva lalat tentara hitam (Hermetia illucens L.) atau BSF merupakan agen biologis yang umum digunakan dalam pengelolaan sampah organik. Kemampuan larva lalat tentara hitam dalam mencerna bahan organik didukung oleh berbagai aktivitas bakteri yang hidup di dalam saluran pencernaanya. Pencarian bakteri dengan berbagai aktivitas pendukung pertumbuhan dan proteksi tanaman berpotensi dalam mengurangi dampak akibat penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida sintetis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengisolasi, menghitung jumlah populasi bakteri, mengetahui potensi aktivitas isolat, serta mengarakterisasi bakteri saluran pencernaan larva BSF. Pengisolasian bakteri dilakukan dengan metode filtrasi membran dengan pengenceran bertingkat dan uji aktivitas dilakukan pada beberapa medium. Berdasarkan morfologi, sebanyak 21 isolat berhasil terisolasi dan hasil perhitungan kepadatan populasi bakteri pada sampel saluran pencernaan BSF, yaitu 1,136 x 1010 CFU/gr. Berdasarkan uji aktivitas isolat, sebanyak dua isolat memiliki aktivitas selulolitik, yaitu isolat G18 dan G21; empat isolat yang dapat mendegradasi kitin, yaitu isolat G9, G16, G18, dan G21; empat isolat dengan kemampuan pelarutan fosfat dan memproduksi IAA, yaitu isolat G7, G10, G13, dan G19. Isolat G18 dan G10 merupakan isolat terunggul karena isolat G18 memiliki keunggulan dalam proteksi tanaman, sedangkan isolat G10 unggul dalam mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Isolat G1 hingga G22 memiliki karakteristik yang beraneka ragam. Berdasarkan identifikasi bakteri secara biokimia, isolat G9, G10, G16, dan G18 memiliki karakteristik bakteri dari kelompok Bacillus.

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Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae are biological agent that commonly used in organic waste management. The ability to digest organic compounds was known to be supported by the diversity of bacterial activities inside their body. The exploration of certain bacterial activities in promoting plant growth and protection may be needed to reduce the impact of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides uses. This study aims to isolate, enumerate the bacterial population from BSF larval gut, screening for potential activities, and characterize isolates. Isolation of bacteria was carried out by membrane filtration method combined with serial dilutions and the bacterial activities carried out on various media. A total of 21 bacteria were isolated from BSF larval gut and the bacterial population density is 1.136 x 1010 CFU/gr. The isolate activity test showed that; two isolates G18 and G21 were positives for cellulolytic activity; four isolates G9, G16, G18, and G21 were able to degrade chitin; four isolates G7, G10, G13, and G19 have the ability to solubilize phosphate and produce IAA. Isolates G18 and G10 were the best isolates because G18 had the advantage in plant protection, while G10 excelled in supporting plant growth. Isolates G1 to G22 had various characteristics. Based on the biochemical identification, isolates G9, G10, G16, and G18 had the characteristics of bacteria from the Bacillus group."

"Pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor utama yang berperan dalam perkembangan ekonomi Indonesia. Produktivitas pertanian dan ketahanan pangan berkaitan erat dengan kondisi kesehatan tanaman. Salah satu patogen penginfeksi tanaman adalah fungi. Pengendali hayati atau biokontrol merupakan teknik pengendalian menggunakan aktivitas metabolisme agen hayati seperti bakteri untuk mengendalikan patogen tanaman. Penelitian terdahulu berhasil mengisolasi bakteri saluran pencernaan black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) dan diketahui mampu mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan 10 isolat bakteri saluran pencernaan BSFL terhadap 4 fungi patogen tanaman, yaitu Ganoderma boninense, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum siamense KA, dan Curvularia lunata BM. Pengujian aktivitas antifungi isolat bakteri dilakukan melalui uji aktivitas antagonistik dan uji aktivitas antibiosis yang dilanjutkan dengan uji aktivitas enzim ekstraseluler isolat potensial. Uji aktivitas antagonistik menggunakan metode dual culture secara kualitatif dan semi-kuantitatif. Uji aktivitas antibiosis menggunakan filtrat medium fermentasi berusia 5 hari yang dicampur dengan bubuk medium potato dextrose agar. Uji aktivitas enzim ekstraseluler isolat potensial meliputi uji enzim protease, lipase, amilase, kitinase, dan selulase menggunakan medium selektif. Hasil uji aktivitas antagonistik menunjukkan 4 dari 10 isolat bakteri saluran pencernaan BSFL, yaitu G7, G17, G20, G21 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan keempat fungi uji. Hasil uji aktivitas antibiosis menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas terbesar diperoleh dari filtrat medium fermentasi isolat G17 dalam menghambat pertumbuhan fungi Ganoderma boninense dengan persentase hambatan sebesar 85,56% – 91,98%. Hasil uji aktivitas enzim menunjukkan isolat G17 memiliki aktivitas enzim ektraseluler protease, lipase, dan kitinase. Isolat G17 teridentifikasi sebagai Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

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Agriculture is one of the main sectors that play a role in Indonesia's economic development. Agricultural productivity and food security are closely related to plant health conditions. One of the plant infecting pathogens is a fungus. Biological control or biocontrol is a control technique using the metabolic activity of biological agents such as bacteria to control plant pathogens. Previous studies have succeeded in isolating black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) gut bacteria and are known to be able to support plant growth. This study aims to determine the ability of 10 bacterial isolates from BSFL gut against 4 plant pathogenic fungi, namely Ganoderma boninense, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum siamense KA, and Curvularia lunata BM. Antifungal activity assay of bacterial isolates was carried out through antagonistic activity assay and antibiosis activity assay followed by potential isolates extracellular enzyme activity assay. The antagonistic activity assay used the dual culture method qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. The antibiosis activity assay used 5 days old fermented medium filtrate mixed with potato dextrose agar medium powder. The extracellular enzyme activity assay of potential isolates included protease, lipase, amylase, chitinase, and cellulase enzyme assay using selective media. The results of the antagonistic activity assay showed that 4 out of 10 BSFL digestive tract bacterial isolates namely G7, G17, G20, G21 were able to inhibit the growth of the four tested fungi. The results of the antibiosis activity assay showed that the greatest effectiveness was obtained from the fermented medium filtrate of isolate G17 in inhibiting the growth of the Ganoderma boninense fungus with an inhibition percentage of 85.56% – 91.98%. The results of the enzyme activity assay showed that isolate G17 had extracellular enzyme activity of protease, lipase, and chitinase. Isolate G17 was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia."

"Sampah sisa makanan menjadi salah satu masalah di Universitas Indonesia karena belum terdapat metode yang efektif dan efisien dalam pengelolaan limbah kantin dari fakultas-fakultas yang ada. Salah satu teknik pengelolaan limbah kantin adalah dengan pengomposan menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Adanya proses fermentasi dan penguraian bahan kompleks oleh mikroorganisme pada substrat organik mampu mengoptimalkan daya biokonversi larva BSF. Namun, hingga saat ini, penelitian terkait pengaruh fermentasi limbah kantin terhadap efektivitas biokonversinya dengan larva BSF belum ditemukan sehingga penelitian ini perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh perlakuan durasi fermentasi limbah kantin dengan mikroorganisme EM4 terhadap efektivitas biokonversi limbah kantin menggunakan larva BSF dan juga kandungan kompos yang dihasilkan berdasarkan standar SNI 19-7030-2004. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yakni berupa kombinasi fermentasi EM4 dengan perbedaan perlakuan durasi (0, 5, dan 10 hari) serta larva BSF sebagai agen pengomposan pada limbah kantin. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap berat biomassa larva BSF dan kompos, substrate consumption, growth rate, bioconversion rate, waste reduction index, serta analisis kandungan unsur hara kompos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas biokonversi larva BSF tertinggi didapatkan oleh perlakuan durasi fermentasi limbah kantin dengan EM4 selama 10 hari (F10) dengan berat biomassa total larva BSF sebesar 50,09 gram; nilai bioconversion rate sebesar 24,55%; nilai waste reduction index (WRI) sebesar 10,79%; dan berat kompos sebesar 27,38 gram. Sementara itu, sebagian besar kandungan unsur hara kompos pada semua perlakuan sudah sesuai dengan standar SNI 19-7030-2004, kecuali nilai kadar C-organik pada perlakuan F10 serta nilai rasio C/N pada semua perlakuan lainnya (F0, F5, F10, KL dan KF). Pada penelitian ini, didiskusikan juga potensi biokonversi dan peluang bioekonomi pengelolaan limbah kantin FMIPA UI dengan larva BSF.

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Food waste management has become one of the issues at the University of Indonesia due to the lack of an effective and efficient method in managing canteen waste from existing faculties. One common technique in food waste management is composting using larvae of Black Soldier Fly (BSF). The fermentation process and decomposition of complex substances by microorganisms in the organic substrate can optimize the bioconversion efficiency of BSF larvae. However, studies related to the influence of canteen waste fermentation on the effectiveness of bioconversion with BSF larvae have not been discovered to date. Hence, further study regarding this subject is necessary. This study aimed to identify the effects of canteen waste fermentation treatment with EM4 microorganisms on the effectiveness of canteen waste bioconversion using BSF larvae and the content quality of the resulting compost based on the SNI 19-7030-2004 standard. The method used in this study is combining EM4 fermentation with different durations treatment (0, 5, and 10 days) and BSF larvae as composting agent on canteen waste. Data analysis included the weight of BSF larvae biomass and compost, substrate consumption, growth rate, bioconversion rate, waste reduction index, and content quality analysis of the compost. The results showed that the highest effectiveness of bioconversion by BSF larvae was obtained with a 10-day EM4 fermentation treatment (F10). The total biomass of F10 BSF larvae reached 50,09 grams; with bioconversion rate of 24,55%; waste reduction index of 10,79%; and a compost weight of 27,38 grams. Meanwhile, most of the content qualities in the compost for all treatments were following the SNI 19-7030-2004 standard, except for the C-organic content value in the F10 treatment and the C/N ratio values in all other treatments (F0, F5, F10, KL, and KF). In this study, the bioconversion potency and the bioeconomic opportunities of managing the waste from the FMIPA UI canteen using BSF larvae were also discussed."