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"This article is based on the result of a research toward learning difficulties students from inclusive elementary schools at Kecamatan Pauh Padang..."

"This paper attempts to portrait the journey of madrasah (religious school) during the last five years, i.e. since the enactment of Law of RI number 20 of 2003regarding the National Educational System which positions a madrasah as general school. This reposition is actually positive for the sustainability as well as improving the quality of madrasah. However, it should be noted that more than 90% of madrasah are managed by public. This means that madrasah still has to be developed according to the public requirements, not that of government. Thus, to create a policy on madrasah, it obviously is necessary to accomodate various public interests. Exactly, it is needed a harmonious and dynamics convergency between the government and the people."

"Skripsi ini memaparkan secara umum dinamika sistem pendidikan pesantren di Bekasi pada masa Orde Baru 1967-1998. Pemaparan dikhususkan kepada penjelasan mengapa sistem pendidikan pesantren tradisional bisa dapat bertahan dalam tekanan sistem pendidikan umum yang lebih modern yang lebih sejalan dengan format pembangunan yang digalakkan rezim Orde Baru selama kurun waktu tersebut.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara garis besar sistem pendidikan pesantren di Bekasi tetap mempertahankan sistem pendidikan pesantren tradisional, namun juga merespon sistem pendidikan umum dengan mengembangkannya sistem klassikal, silabus dan kurikulum yang lebih terarah, dan menambahkan ilmu-ilmu non-agama kedalam pesantren.Hasilnya adalah sistem pendidikan pesantren tradisional yang berdampingan dengan sistem pendidikan umum atau disebut dengan sistem pendidikan pesantren semi-modern.This thesis descrides aboutthe dynamics of pesantren education system in Bekasi on the New Order era, 1967-1998. This thesis focuses on the explanation why does the traditional pesantren education system still stand againts the pressure of modern education system fobbed by the New Order era.

This theses shows that the pesantren in Bekasi, beside their traditional education system, they also responded the modern education system by applying the classical system, syllabus, more directed curriculum, and add non-religion majors.

The result is a new system called semi-modern pesantren education system, a joint of pesantren and modern education system."

"This study ducusses anak pinggiran who survive for life in the city of Jakartawhich is growing into a capitalistic city. The existence of such children in big cities,especially in the cities of developing countries, as a matter of fact, has been a globalphenomenon, that means their presence in such cities is almost unavoidable. The term ofanal: pinggiran here refers to urban children Who because of poverty have got very badliving conditions and very limited access to societal resources, such as education and playgrounds, provided by the city. Anak pinggiz-an covers two groups of poor childrensurviving for life in Jakarta, namely street children and those living in slum areas. Amongthousanm of such chddren found in Jakarta, some are recruited by Sanggar Anal: Akar,one of the non-govemmental institutions which takes care of the children?s life. Thosewho are recruited are then called anak Sanggar.Sanggar recruits the children and gathers them in some rumah terbulaz (openhouses) situated close to the locations where the children live or survive. The children ofthe commtmities around the open houses are called basic C0¢'lllI?llII\ili¢8~, and so farSanggar has had coordination with five basic communities, namely Jatinegara, Cakung,Penas Lama, Rawa Panjang, and Bantar Gebang Bckasi, Within these communities thechildren are tnined and educated with an intention of elaborating and developing theirpotentials. Periodically. usually on Sundays, they are brought to Sanggar, a bigger openhouse, which has been the center of activities and information In Sanggar the childrenhave some exercises in, among other things, dramatnrgy, music, journalism, and Englishclasses. The children are freed to choose what activity(ies) they prefer to join. Thefreedom of choosing activity(ies) is intended to create children?s intrinsic motivationbecame such a motivation will be able to make them join the activities happily, seriomiy,and fill! of enthusiasm.This study is intended to observe and explore the changes of the ehi1dren'sbehavior and attitude afler being trained and educated through the various activitieswhich take place in Sanggar and other places as well. Besides, it is also intended to sec, ifany, the childrcn's aspiration for a better life in the future. During the research period,from December 1999 to July 2000, I tried to bc among the children as much as possible"