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"ABSTRACTShrimp cultivation in ponds, especially Penaeus monodon Fabricius in Indonesia is depressed by disease, particularly due to white spot syndrome virus (VVSSV). Antibiotics, which have been used in large quantities in aquaculture are often cause for concern in promoting transfer of antibiotic resistance to human pathogens. Many' scientists reported that the application of probiotic bacteria provides a promising solution to these problems. Probiotic is now developed and used for shrimp culture in several countries such as: Thailand, China, Philippines. India, and Taiwan to increase the production target.The aim of this study was to find indigenous probiotic bacteria which can be used as therapeutic agent for vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Boone) toward WSSV. To achieve the aim above, a number of experiments were conducted, ie. 1) isolation and selection of indigenous probiotic bacteria based on shrimp?s survival rate; 2) selection of probiotic bacteria based on their ability to cure vannamei shrimp infected by WSSV, 3) efficacy test of probiotic bacteria on the hatching rate of the cysts of Artemia salina, and 4) identification of selected isolates based on sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene.The hypotheses of this studies were as follows: (a) indigenous probiotic bacteria can be isolated from several locations of shrimp fanning (b) indigenous probiotic bacteria n be used as therapeutic agent for shrimp towards WSSV, (c) indigenous probiotic bacteria show no negative effect towards other tropic level in aquaculture i.e. A. salina, and (d) selected probiotic bacteria can be identified based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis."

"Saat ini wilayah pesisir Karimunjawa menghadapi tantangan berupa peningkatan tambak udang secara intensif. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas tambak diduga berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Pengolahan limbah yang ada tidak cukup baik sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran munculnya dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pada wilayah pesisir dan menyusun strategi pengendalian tambak udang menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode campuran (mixed method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan kualitas air terutama parameter TSS, nitrat dan fosfat. Indeks keanekaragaman genus makrozoobenthos di Karimunjawa termasuk kategori keanekaragaman sedang, yang menggambarkan kondisi perairan tercemar sedang. Dampak pada wilayah pesisir berupa penurunan populasi Tridacna, konversi ekosistem mangrove menjadi lahan tambak, terjadi konflik sosial/pro-kontra pada masyarakat dan masih sedikitnya pengunaan tenaga kerja lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah strategi pengendalian tambak udang vaname menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos yaitu pemantauan kualitas air budidaya tambak udang menggunakan Capitella sebagai bioindikator makrozoobenthos yang dilaksanakan oleh petambak, perbaikan performansi kinerja tambak dengan penebaran benur dan FCR yang sesuai standar serta perbaikan kualitas air tambak sehingga tercapai keberlanjutan tambak udang dan kelestarian wilayah pesisir.

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Currently, the coastal of Karimunjawa is facing challenges in the form of an intensive increase in shrimp ponds. The problem in this research is that pond activities are suspected to have the potential to impact coastal areas. The existing waste treatment is not good enough, giving rise to concerns about the impact on coastal areas. The aim of the research was to determine the impact on coastal areas and develop strategies for controlling shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators. The method used is a mixed method (mixed method). The results showed that there has been a decrease in water quality, especially in the TSS, nitrate and phosphate parameters. The diversity index of the macrozoobenthos genus in Karimunjawa is included in the moderate diversity category, which describes the condition of moderately polluted waters. The impact on coastal areas is in the form of a decrease in the Tridacna population, the conversion of mangrove ecosystems into ponds, social conflicts / pros and cons in the community and the use of local workers is still minimal. The conclusion of this study is the strategy for controlling vannamei shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators, namely monitoring the quality of shrimp pond aquaculture water using Capitella as a macrozoobenthos bioindicator carried out by farmers, improving pond performance by stocking fry and FCR according to standards and improving pond water quality so that pond sustainability is achieved. shrimp and sustainability of coastal areas."

"Saat ini wilayah pesisir Karimunjawa menghadapi tantangan berupa peningkatan tambak udang secara intensif. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas tambak diduga berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Pengolahan limbah yang ada tidak cukup baik sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran munculnya dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pada wilayah pesisir dan menyusun strategi pengendalian tambak udang menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode campuran (mixed method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan kualitas air terutama parameter TSS, nitrat dan fosfat. Indeks keanekaragaman genus makrozoobenthos di Karimunjawa termasuk kategori keanekaragaman sedang, yang menggambarkan kondisi perairan tercemar sedang. Dampak pada wilayah pesisir berupa penurunan populasi Tridacna, konversi ekosistem mangrove menjadi lahan tambak, terjadi konflik sosial/pro-kontra pada masyarakat dan masih sedikitnya pengunaan tenaga kerja lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah strategi pengendalian tambak udang vaname menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos yaitu pemantauan kualitas air budidaya tambak udang menggunakan Capitella sebagai bioindikator makrozoobenthos yang dilaksanakan oleh petambak, perbaikan performansi kinerja tambak dengan penebaran benur dan FCR yang sesuai standar serta perbaikan kualitas air tambak sehingga tercapai keberlanjutan tambak udang dan kelestarian wilayah pesisir.

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Currently, the coastal of Karimunjawa is facing challenges in the form of an intensive increase in shrimp ponds. The problem in this research is that pond activities are suspected to have the potential to impact coastal areas. The existing waste treatment is not good enough, giving rise to concerns about the impact on coastal areas. The aim of the research was to determine the impact on coastal areas and develop strategies for controlling shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators. The method used is a mixed method (mixed method). The results showed that there has been a decrease in water quality, especially in the TSS, nitrate and phosphate parameters. The diversity index of the macrozoobenthos genus in Karimunjawa is included in the moderate diversity category, which describes the condition of moderately polluted waters. The impact on coastal areas is in the form of a decrease in the Tridacna population, the conversion of mangrove ecosystems into ponds, social conflicts / pros and cons in the community and the use of local workers is still minimal. The conclusion of this study is the strategy for controlling vannamei shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators, namely monitoring the quality of shrimp pond aquaculture water using Capitella as a macrozoobenthos bioindicator carried out by farmers, improving pond performance by stocking fry and FCR according to standards and improving pond water quality so that pond sustainability is achieved. shrimp and sustainability of coastal areas."

"Indonesia is the second largest supplier of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) in the USA market. Hence, the need for its sustainable production and improved growth. Probiotics, among others, are known for their growth enhancing attributes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of powder and liquid probiotics on the growth of white shrimps at the Minaloka Jaya shrimp ponds, Grabag District, Purwerojo Regency, Central Java. The shrimps were cultivated for 60 days and applied with three probiotic treatments, namely commercial liquid probiotics with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed, powder probiotics with dosage of 10 g/kg feed and liquid probiotic with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed. Each probiotic preparation was administered four times a day to over 150,000 vannamei shrimps which were cultured in a semi-intensive system. Probiotics in powder and liquid forms contain Lactobacillus fermentum, L acidophilus, L. plantarum, L, curvatus, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. polimyxa. B. megaterium, B. coagulans, Pseudomonasputida, Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. Using the Randomized Block Design (RBD), the three treatments were replicated five times. The application of probiotics in both powder and liquid forms had increased the growth yield of the vannamei shrimp. However, the powder probiotic had shown better growth performance than the commercial liquid probiotics and liquid preparation of probiotics. Probiotic powder form provides a specific growth rate (SGR) of 8.18%, absolute body length of 9.68 cm, absolute biomass of 6.78 g, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.93."

"White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the prime shrimp commodities cultivated in Indonesia. As such, the discoveryof more efficient seed production techniquesfor this species is deemed necessary. Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum)extract containsthe cholesterol precursor called lanosterol, a phytosterol which is used by crustaceans to form the animal steroid hormone that is very crucial in their reproduction. Hence, this research aimed to determine the ovary development of mature L. van namei individuals injected with the Karamunting ethanol extract. The experiment was carried out in several stages.Firstly,injecting the white shrimp at the base of the 5th leg, every 3 days for 15 days with variable control dosage 0 (C), 10 mg/kg BW (T1), 7.5 mg/kg BW (T2), 5 mg/kg BW (T3), 2 mg/kg BW (T4) and 1 mg/kg BW (T5), where BW is Body Weight. Secondly, isolating the white shrimp parent ovary. Thirdly, measuring the progesterone level in the ovary using the Radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Fourthly, observing the histology of white shrimp parent ovary and, finally, analyzing the data. Measurements of the increase in progesterone levels showed that the administration of karamunting ethanol extract significantly affected the progesterone production (P˂0.05). Histology observations of gonadal development in the control, T5 and T4 showed that the cells developed to previtellogenesis oocytes whereas in treatment T1, T2 and T3 ovary cells developed into endogenous vitellogenesis oocytes and only in T1 did the ovarian cells develop to form exogenous vitellogenesis oocytes. Karamunting extract significantly increased the oocyte sizes(P˂0.05). At the start of the experiment, the average oocyte sizes wereat 15.57 ± 3.15 μm At the end of the experiment, the Control was at 25.29 ± 2.69 μm and the ovarian treatments produced the following oocyte sizes; T1 at 65.65 ± 2.64 μm, T2 at 63.98 ± 3.06 μm, T3 at 39.12 ± 6.01 μm, T4 at 28.08 ± 0.84 μm and T5 at 27.65 ± 0.71 μm. The extract produced oocyte sizes greater than at the beginning of maintenance and control. Apparently, the lanosterol in the karamunting extract had increased the hormone progesterone resulting in an accelerated gonadal maturity and enlargement of oocyte sizes in the parent individuals of the white shrimp"

"Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) telah merencanakan pembangunan Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE). Dalam pengoperasiannya akan terjadi pelepasan radionuklida ¹³⁷Cs ke lingkungan. Limbah rumah tangga dan industri mengakibatkan pencemaran logam berat ⁶⁵Zn ke lingkungan. Untuk itu diperlukan bioindikator untuk mengidentifikasi adanya pencemaran ¹³⁷Cs dan ⁶⁵Zn. Kinetika proses bioakumulasi ¹³⁷Cs dan ⁶⁵Zn melalui jalur air laut pada udang putih (Litopenaeus schmitti) dari Teluk Jakarta telah diteliti dengan mengamati pengaruh variasi konsentrasi dan salinitas. Eksperimen akuaria dilakukan terhadap empat kelompok ukuran dengan dua kali pengulangan. Percobaan dilakukan melalui 3 tahapan, yaitu akumulasi/pengambilan, depurasi/pelepasan serta pemodelannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kenaikan konsentrasi menaikkan laju pengambilan dan laju pelepasan ¹³⁷Cs dan ⁶⁵Zn oleh udang putih (Litopenaeus schmitti) Nilai faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF) udang putih (Litopenaeus schmitti) pada beda konsentrasi ¹³⁷Cs dan ⁶⁵Zn adalah 1,47-2,53 mL.g^-1, sedangkan nilai faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF) pada beda salinitas ¹³⁷Cs dan ⁶⁵Zn adalah 0,33-4,91 mL.g^-1.

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National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) has planned construction of an Experimental Power Reactor (RDE). In operating can release of radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs will occur in environment. Household and industrial waste results in pollution of heavy metal ⁶⁵Zn into environment. For reason a bioindicator is needed to identify the pollution of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁵Zn. The kinetics of ¹³⁷Cs ⁶⁵Zn bioaccumulation through seawater pathway on white shrimp (Litopenaeus schmitti) have been investigated by observing the effects of varying body sizes. An aquaria experiment is applied to four body size groups with two replications. The experiment was carried out by 3 steps such as: uptake, depuration, and modelling. The results showed that the uptake and elimination rates decreased along with the increasing body size. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) on white shrimp (Litopenaeus schmitti) ¹³⁷Cs ⁶⁵Zn with treatment different concentration 1,47-2,53 mL.g-1, while the values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) on white shrimp (Litopenaeus schmitti) ¹³⁷Cs ⁶⁵Zn with treatment different salinity was 0,33-4,91 mL.g^-1."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis bentuk dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sumber air laut, sumber air tawar petak A, air kolam 19, pakan buatan (pelet), saluran pencernaan, dan feses udang vannamei Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) di Tambak Udang Vannamei Unit Sobo, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Sampel air diambil dan disimpan dalam botol kaca sebanyak 300 ml, sampel pakan menggunakan pakan jenis SGH2 buatan perusahaan sendiri sebanyak 10 gr, sedangkan sampel udang digunakan sebanyak 5 individu dari kolam 19 dan tiap udang diambil bagian saluran pencernaan dan fesesnya. Sampel air, pakan, saluran pencernaan, dan feses diamati menggunakan mikroskop serta dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Sampel diambil pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2021 dengan DOC (Day of Culture) 53 dan penelitian berlangsung selama 1 bulan dari bulan Oktober hingga November 2021. Penelitian memperlihatkan tiga bentuk mikroplastik, yaitu fragmen, film, dan fiber. Mikroplastik bentuk fragmen mendominasi dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu, berdasarkan data kelimpahan mikroplastik, diketahui bahwa mikroplastik pada pakan banyak yang tidak ditemukan ke dalam proses pencernaan. Kemudian, diketahui juga tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai kelimpahan, serta terdapat hubungan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan dan feses udang vannamei.

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This study analyzed the shape and abundance of microplastics in seawater sources, plot A freshwater source, pond water, artificial feed, digestive tract, and feces of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) at Unit Sobo Shrimp Ponds, Banyuwangi, East Java. As much as 300 ml of water were taken and stored in glass bottles; feed samples made by the company itself, were taken as much as 10 grams; while shrimp samples were used as many as 5 individuals from 19 ponds, taken from the digestive tract and feces. Each sample were observed using a microscope and repeated 3 times. Samples were taken on October 25, 2021 with DOC (Day of Culture) 53 and the study lasted for 1 month from October to November 2021. Research shows three forms of microplastics, namely fragments, films, and fibers. Microplastic fragments dominate in this study. In addition, based on data on the abundance of microplastics, it is known that many microplastics in feed are not found in the digestive process. Then, it was also known that there was no difference in the abundance value and that there was a relationship between the abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract and feces."

"This experiment was carried out to study the mineral contents and their profile on seafood which is generally consumed i.e squid (Loligo sp) and vannamei shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei),and to evaluate the solubilities of Ca dan Zn as affected by boiling in different solution (water , 0.5% acetid dan 1% sodium chloride)...."

"The research was aimed to reveal the responses of white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei in various artificial media. The means of the responses are the survival rate and the daily growth rate...."

"Perubahan iklim yang terjadi saat ini dikarenakan oleh aktifitas antropogenik dari penggunaan energi dan industri dalam mempengaruhi suhu dan iklim bumi. Perubahan suhu dan perubahan iklim yang terjadi di bumi dapat berdampak pada keempat dimensi yaitu ketersediaan, stabilitas, akses dan pemanfaatan ketahanan pangan. Ketersediaan produk perairan akan bervariasi melalui perubahan ekosistem, produksi, distribusi spesies dan habitat. Perubahan iklim yang terjadi saat ini disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia dalam menggunakan energi dan industri yang berpengaruh pada suhu dan iklim Bumi. Perubahan tersebut dapat berdampak pada empat aspek penting dalam ketahanan pangan, yaitu ketersediaan, stabilitas, akses, dan pemanfaatan. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah penurunan produksi udang. Tujuan penelitian adalah Menganalisis pengaruh luas tambak, pengetahuan petambak, produksi udang, kualitas air tambak, luas mangrove terhadap produktivitas tambak; Menganalisis pengaruh nilai produktivitas tambak terhadap nilai total ekonomi udang dan nilai total ekonomi mangrove; Memformulasikan model wanamina udang vaname berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sistem dinamik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Nilai Total Ekonomi Mangrove yang di dapat secara ekonomi lebih menguntungkan daripada Nilai Total Ekonomi Udang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Konsep wanamina udang vaname merupakan budidaya perikanan berkelanjutan yang mengkuantifikasikan nilai manfaat mangrove menjadi nilai ekonomi. Bauran dari rehabilitasi mangrove dan budidaya kultivan menghasilkan nilai ekonomi yang dapat digunakan untuk mitigasi dampak perubahan iklim.

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The current climate change is caused by anthropogenic activities related to energy use and industrial processes, which affect the temperature and climate of the Earth. Changes in temperature and climate can impact the four dimensions of food security: availability, stability, access, and utilization. The availability of aquatic products will vary due to changes in ecosystems, species production, distribution, and habitat. The current climate change is caused by human activities in energy use and industry, which have an influence on the Earth's temperature and climate. These changes can have an impact on four crucial aspects of food security: availability, stability, access, and utilization. The problem addressed in this research is the decline in shrimp production. The research aims to analyze the influence of pond area, farmers' knowledge, shrimp production, pond water quality, and mangrove area on pond productivity; analyze the impact of pond productivity on the total economic value of shrimp and the total economic value of mangroves; and formulate a sustainable model for vannamei shrimp farming. The method used in this research is dynamic systems. The results of this research show that the Total Economic Value of mangroves is economically more beneficial than the Total Economic Value of shrimp. The conclusion of this research is that the concept of sustainable vannamei shrimp farming, known as "wanamina," quantifies the benefits of mangroves into economic value. The combination of mangrove rehabilitation and culturing practices generates economic value that can be used for mitigating the impacts of climate change."