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"Banjir yang terjadi di Jakarta tidak hanya dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor curah hujan, sistem tata kota, dan drainase saja, tetapi juga dapat melibatkan faktor penurunan muka tanah (PMT). PMT di Jakarta dimungkinkan karena Jakarta berdiri di atas lapisan sedimen dan adanya pengambilan air tanah dalam jumlah yang sangat besar. Penelitian ini akan mengolah data ALOS/PALSAR untuk menentukan tingkat PMT di wilayah Jakarta dan hubungannya dengan daerah rawan banjir. Metode Differensial Interferometri (DInSAR) dilakukan pada dua data PALSAR untuk wilayah yang sama dengan waktu akuisisi yang berbeda, yaitu tahun 2007 dan 2008. Pengolahan DInSAR akan dihasilkan citra yang mengandung informasi PMT yang dapat diterjemahkan. Untuk memperkuat analisa terhadap daerah perubahan, diterapkan algoritma Log Ratio terhadap dua citra tersebut. Citra hasil Log Ratio kemudian ditumpangkan (overlay) dengan citra DInSAR dan peta genangan Jakarta tahun 2009, sehingga didapat hubungan antara PMT dengan banjir dan peta kerawanan banjir Jakarta berdasarkan PMT. Diperoleh hasil PMT daerah banjir berkisar pada rata-rata 10,57 cm, dengan nilai minimum 5,25 cm dan maksimum 22,5 cm. Semakin besar nilai PMT, genangan yang terjadi juga cenderung semakin tinggi. Kecuali pada beberapa wilayah yang memiliki kondisi khusus, seperti adanya waduk, pemecahan aliran sungai, sistem pompa air dan pintu air. Akurasi citra hasil DInSAR cukup baik dengan selisih 0,03 cm (0,18%) hingga 0,55 cm (3,37%) dibanding pengukuran GPS. Hasil ini dapat menjadi bahan rekomendasi kepada Pemerintah Daerah DKI Jakarta untuk meminimalisir risiko potensi terjadinya PMT dan banjir, sekaligus menjadi bahan perencanaan tata kota Jakarta untuk ke depannya.

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Floods that occurred in Jakarta is not only be influenced by factors of rainfall, urban planning systems, and drainage alone, but also may involve land subsidence (LS). LS in Jakarta possible because Jakarta is standing on top of layers of sediments and the presence of ground water consumption in very large quantities. In this research, we will process ALOS / PALSAR data to determine the level of LS in the Jakarta area and its relation to flood prone areas. Differential interferometry method (DInSAR) was performed on two PALSAR data for the same region with different acquisition times, i.e. in 2007 and 2008, and respectively. DInSAR processing will generate image containing information that can be translated into LS. To find the elevation changing area, Log Ratio algorithm is applied to two images as an additional analysis.

The Log Ratio image is superimposed with the image of DInSAR result and Jakarta inundation map of 2009, in order to get the relationship between the LS with the flood and flood vulnerability map of Jakarta based on LS. It is found that land on the flood area subsided in average 10.57 cm, with a minimum value of 5.25 cm and a maximum of 22.5 cm. The greater the value of LS, inundation area also tend to widen, except in a few areas that have special conditions, such as reservoirs, river flow solution, water pump system and floodgates. Accuracy of DInSAR result image is quite high, with the difference of 0.03 cm (0,18%) to 0.55 cm (3.37%) compared to GPS measurements. These results can be recommended to the local government of Jakarta to minimize the potential risk of LS and floods, as well as the subject of city planning for the future."

"Banjir yang terjadi di Jakarta hanya dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor curah hujan, sistem tata kota, dan drainase saja, tetapi juga dapat melibatkan faktor penurunan muka tanah (PMT). PMT di Jakarta dimungkinkan karena Jakarta berdiri di atas lapisan sedimen dan adanya pengambilan air tanah dalam jumlah yang sangat besar. Penelitian ini akan mengolah data ALOS/PALSAR untuk menentukan tingkat PMT di wilayah Jakarta dan hubungannya dengan daerah rawan banjir. Metode Differensial Interferometri (DInSAR) dilakukan pada dua data PALSAR untuk wilayah yang sama dengan waktu akuisisi yang berbeda, yaitu tahun 2007 dan 2008. Pengolahan DInSAR akan dihasilkan citra yang mengandung informasi PMT yang dapat diterjemahkan. Untuk memperkuat analisa terhadap daerah perubahan, diterapkan algoritma Log Ratio terhadap dua citra tersebut. Citra hasil Log Ratio kemudian ditumpangkan (overlay) dengan citra DInSAR dan peta genangan Jakarta tahun 2009, sehingga didapat hubungan antara PMT dengan banjir dan peta kerawanan banjir Jakarta berdasarkan PMT. Diperoleh hasil PMT daerah banjir berkisar pada rata-rata 10,57 cm, dengan nilai minimum 5,25 cm dan maksimum 22,5 cm. Semakin besar nilai PMT, genangan yang terjadi juga cenderung semakin tinggi. Kecuali pada beberapa wilayah yang memiliki kondisi khusus, seperti adanya waduk, pemecahan aliran sungai, sistem pompa air dan pintu air. Akurasi citra hasil DInSAR cukup baik dengan selisih 0,03 cm (0,18%) hingga 0,55 cm (3,37%) dibanding pengukuran GPS. Hasil ini dapat menjadi bahan rekomendasi kepada Pemerintah Daerah DKI Jakarta untuk meminimalisir risiko potensi terjadinya PMT dan banjir, sekaligus menjadi bahan perencanaan tata kota Jakarta untuk ke depannya.

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Floods that occurred in Jakarta is not only be influenced by factors of rainfall, urban planning systems, and drainage alone, but also may involve land subsidence (LS). LS in Jakarta possible because Jakarta is standing on top of layers of sediments and the presence of ground water consumption in very large quantities. In this research, we will process ALOS / PALSAR data to determine the level of LS in the Jakarta area and its relation to flood prone areas. Differential interferometry method (DInSAR) was performed on two PALSAR data for the same region with different acquisition times, i.e. in 2007 and 2008, and respectively. DInSAR processing will generate image containing information that can be translated into LS. To find the elevation changing area, Log Ratio algorithm is applied to two images as an additional analysis. The Log Ratio image is superimposed with the image of DInSAR result and Jakarta inundation map of 2009, in order to get the relationship between the LS with the flood and flood vulnerability map of Jakarta based on LS.

It is found that land on the flood area subsided in average 10.57 cm, with a minimum value of 5.25 cm and a maximum of 22.5 cm. The greater the value of LS, inundation area also tend to widen, except in a few areas that have special conditions, such as reservoirs, river flow solution, water pump system and floodgates. Accuracy of DInSAR result image is quite high, with the difference of 0.03 cm (0,18%) to 0.55 cm (3.37%) compared to GPS measurements. These results can be recommended to the local government of Jakarta to minimize the potential risk of LS and floods, as well as the subject of city planning for the future."

"Flood that occurred in Jakarta is not only influenced by rainfall, urban planning system and drainage alone, but also may be involved land subsidence (LS). LS is possible in because Jakarta standson top of layers of sediments and the presence of ground water consumption in very large quantities.In this research, the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)/Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data was processed to determine the level of LS in Jakarta area and its relation to flood potential area.Differential interferometry method (DInSAR) was performed on two PALSAR data with different acquisition years, i.e. 2007 and 2008, respectively. DInSAR processing generated images containing information that can be converted into LS. To find the elevation changing area, log ratio algorithm was applied to those images as the additional analysis. The log ratio image is superimposed on the DInSAR result and Jakarta inundation map of 2009, to acquire the relationship between LS and the flood and flood vulnerability map of Jakarta based on LS. It is found that lands on the flooded area of 10.57 cm on the average, with a minimum and maximum of 5.25 cm and 22.5 cm, respectively. The greater the value of LS, inundation area also tend to widen, except in a few areas that have special conditions, such as reservoirs, river flow solution, water pump system and sluices.Accuracy of DInSAR result image is quite high, with the difference of 0.03 cm (0.18%) to 0.55 cm (3.37%) as compared to those from GPS measurements. These results can be recommended to the local government of Jakarta to minimize the potential risk of flood, as well as the subject of city planning for the future."

"ABSTRAKLetak geologis Indonesia terletak diantara tiga lempeng utama yang ada di dunia yakni Lempeng Autralia, Eurasia, dan Pasifik. Hal ini juga yang menyebabkan kenapa di Indonesia sering terjadi bencana alam termasuk kota Bandung. Penurunan muka tanah di Bandung dimungkinkan karena adanya pengambilan air tanah dalam jumlah yang sangat besar serta semakin berkembangnya pembangunan di daerah Bandung. Analisa penurunan muka tanah dapat digunakan untuk mengantisipasi bencana alam seperti tanah longsor dan banjir. Penelitian untuk menghitung penurunan muka tanah ini akan mengolah data satelit remote sensing ALOS/PALSAR 1 level 1.0 dengan menggunakan metode Differential Interferometri (DInSAR). DInSAR menghasilkan inormasi yang cukup akurat untuk nilai penurunan muka tanah. Metode DInSAR dilakukan pada dua data ALOS/PALSAR untuk wilayah Bandung dengan waktu akuisisi yang berbeda yaitu kurun waktu 2008-2011. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pada tahun 2008 ? 2009 Bandung mengalami penurunan muka tanah 14 cm, tahun 2009 ? 2010 sebesar 16 cm dan 2010 ? 2011 sebesar 16 cm . Di Bandung nilai penurunan muka tanah cukup besar (lebih dari 9 cm) yaitu sekitar 15 cm per tahun. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan pemangku kepentingan untuk meminimalisir potensi bencana yang diakibatkan penurunan muka tanah itu sendiri.

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ABSTRACTIndonesian geological layout located between three major plates that exist in the world of the Australian Plate, the Eurasian and Pacific. It is also the cause why in Indonesia frequent natural disasters, including the city of Bandung. Land subsidence in Bandung possible because of the extraction of ground in very large quantities as well as the growing development in the area of ​​Bandung. Analysis of land subsidence can be used to anticipate natural disasters such as landslides and floods. Research to calculate land subsidence will process the remote sensing satellite data ALOS / PALSAR 1 level 1.0 using Differential Interferometry (DInSAR). DInSAR produce accurate information for the value of land subsidence. DInSAR method performed on the two data ALOS / PALSAR for Bandung with different acquisition time is the period of 2008-2011. Landslides values from the analysis at 2008-2009 is 14cm, at 2009-2010 is 16 cm and 2010-2011 is 16 cm. In Bandung, the value of land subsidence is quite large (over 9 cm) that is about 15 cm per year. The results of this study can be used stakeholders to minimize potential disaster caused land subsidence itself.;;"

"ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara yang rawan terjadi bencana alam. Berdasarkan kondisi geologi yang menempatkan Indonesia dalam lingkaran api (ring of fire), bencana alam yang kerap kali mengancam seperti gempa bumi, banjir dan gunung meletus (vulkanik maupun tektonik). Terdapat 129 gunung api aktif tersebar di wilayah Indonesia, oleh karena itu diperlukan pemantauan aktivitas dari gunung api tersebut. Namun area yang berbahaya disekitar gunung api menyebabkan kesulitan yang besar untuk pemantauan dan pengamatan secara langsung. Oleh karena itu digunakan teknik penginderaan jauh dengan metode Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR). Pada penelitian ini DInSAR digunakan untuk mendeteksi deformasi sebelum dan sesudah erupsi Gunung Merapi tahun 2010 menggunakan citra satelit ALOS/PALSAR. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan adanya deformasi yang terjadi pada rentang waktu 26 Oktober 2008 hingga 1 Februari 2010 sebesar 0,230 meter. Hasil analisis deformasi ini berguna untuk pengamatan aktivitas gunung api serta rencana penanggulangan bencana gunung api yang akan terjadi selanjutnya.

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ABSTRAKIndonesia is a country that prone to natural disasters. Based on the geological conditions that put Indonesia in the ring of fire, natural disasters often occur such as earthquake, flood and volcanoes (volcanic and tectonic). Since there are 129 active volcano in Indonesia it is necessary to monitor the activity of the volcano. But the dangerous area around the volcano causing major difficulties for monitoring and direct observation. Therefore volcano monitoring using remote sensing technique such as Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) is preferred. In this study, DInSAR is used to detect vertical ground deformation of Mount Merapi before and after the eruption in 2010 using ALOS/PALSAR data. Analysis results showed that the deformation obtained from 26 October 2008 to 1 February 2010 is 0.230 meters. The deformation result from this analysis is useful to monitor volcanic activity and build mitigation plan in volcano disasters in the future."

"DKI Jakarta merupakan ibukota negara dengan jumlah populasi 10,56 juta jiwa. Tingginya populasi menyebabkan tingginya ektraksi air tanah yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan muka tanah akibat berkurangnya volume tanah. Penurunan muka tanah dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi geologi berupa konsolidasi aluvium, ektraksi air tanah, bangunan dan infrastruktur, serta aktivitas tektonik. Penurunan muka tanah dapat memberikan dampak negatif kepada lingkungan dan masyarakat, seperti rusaknya bangunan dan infrastruktur, serta banjir rob. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian penurunan muka tanah di DKI Jakarta dengan bertujuan mengetahui laju penurunan muka tanah beserta dengan pola persebarannya agar dapat dijadikan acuan dalam perencanaan tata ruang kota. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture RADAR (DInSAR) menggunakan data citra SAR Sentinel-1A untuk mengetahui nilai kelajuan penurunan muka tanah beserta dengan pola persebarannya pada periode 2019, 2020, dan 2021 dan didukung oleh metode gravitasi untuk melihat penurunan muka tanah berdasarkan perbedaan densitas. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan metode DInSAR diperoleh laju penurunan muka tanah pada tahun 2019, 2020, dan 2021 masing-masing sebesar 120 mm/tahun, 70 mm/tahun, dan 60 mm/tahun, serta kelajuan penurunan muka tanah rata-rata sebesar 83,3 mm/tahun. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil pengolahan metode gravitasi terdapat peningkatan anomali gravitasi yang mengindikasikan adanya penurunan muka tanah akibat berkurangnya volume tanah.

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DKI Jakarta is the Indonesia capital city with 10.56 million populations. The high populations could cause a high groundwater extraction that effects land subsidence because the reducing soil volume. Land subsidence can be caused by several factors, including geological conditions in alluvial consolidation, groundwater extraction, buildings and infrastructure, also tectonic activity. Land subsidence can negatively impact to the environment and society, damaging the infrastructure and tidal flooding. The research that related to land subsidence in DKI Jakarta aims to determine the rate of land subsidence along with its distribution pattern to be the reference in urban spatial planning. This research utilizes Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture RADAR (DInSAR) collecting SAR Sentinel-1A image data to determine the land subsidence rates and its distribution pattern in 2019, 2020, and 2021, supported by the gravity method to see the changes in the gravitational anomaly. From the DInSAR data, the land subsidence rate in 2019, 2020, and 2021 are 120 mm/year, 70 mm/year, 60 mm/year, and the average rate is 83.3 mm/year. But in fact, the gravitational data notes, the gravitational anomaly increase which indicated a land subsidence impacted by increasing density caused by the reduced volume of the soil."

"[ABSTRAKJika dilakukan observasi, bentuk permukaan bumi setiap saat selalu berubah-ubahatau mengalami deformasi. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor alam, manusiaataupun gabungan dari keduanya. Beberapa perubahan bentuk ini dapatmenyebabkan bencana kalau tidak kerugian. Sehingga perlu adanya suatu metodeuntuk melakukan pengukuran dan pemetaan deformasi permukaan tanah.Pada penulisan ini dilakukan study-case pemetaan deformasi yang terjadi padaarea Bandung dan sekitarnya. Fokus dari percobaan adalah mengamati lajudeformasi pertahun pada area tersebut. Teknik PSInSAR dengan kerangka kerjaStaMPS digunakan untuk mengolah data citra PALSAR satelit ALOS menjadipeta laju deformasi.Pemetaan dengan citra radar dipilih karena kemampuan akuisisi citranya yangdapat digunakan pada hampir semua kondisi. Sinyal sensor SAR dapat menembusawan sehingga dapat mengatasi kesulitan dalam menganalisis kawasan yangdiselimuti awan, seperti Bandung. Sensor ini juga dapat bekerja siang-malam,karena sensor bekerja secara aktif dalam memancarkan dan menangkap sinyalnya.Ketelitian hingga ukuran mm per tahun dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakanteknik SAR persistent scatterrer interferometry. Selain itu dengan melakukananalisis ampitudo dan fase pada beberapa interferogram menggunakan kerangkakerja StaMPS, pengukuran juga dapat dilakukan walaupun pada area yangberkoherensi rendah. Misalnya sebagian besar area terselimuti oleh vegetasiataupun keadaan atmosfir yang menyelimuti, seperti kawasan Bandung dansekitarnya.Dari hasil pemetaan dapat diamati bahwa terjadi penurunan permukaan tanah padahampir seluruh kawasan perkotaan Bandung. Penyusutan dengan nilai tertinggiterjadi pada daerah Cimahi dan Bojong sebesar 13.5 cm per tahun. Didugapenurunan muka tanah pada area perkotaan Bandung diakibatkan oleh pemakaianair tanah yang berlebih terutama pada kawasan industri.

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ABSTRACTIf the observation is made, it is observable that earth surface is always changing orconstantly undergo a deformation. This can be caused by natural factors, human,or a combination of both. Some of these deformation can lead to disaster if notlosses. Because of that, it important to have method to measure and ultimatelymap the ground surface deformation.In this study-case, the map of deformation that occurs in Bandung and itsurrounding areas was made. The focus of the experiment was to observe thedeformation rate per year in these areas. PSInSAR technique with StaMPSframework was used to processed PALSAR images of ALOS satellite.Mapping with radar images was chosen because of radar imaging system have thecapabilities to operate at almost any condition. SAR sensor signal can penetrateclouds this can be used to overcome the difficulties in analyzing the cloudy areas,such as Bandung. This sensor can also work day and night, because it is activesensor, it emit and recieve it's own signal.Using the SAR persistent scatterrer interferometry technique, measurementaccuracy up to mm per year can be obtained. In addition, by analyzing amplitudeand phase of multiple interferograms using StaMPS framework, the measurementeven with low coherence image can be done. For example, most of the area-ofinterestis covered by vegetation or randomly high atmosphere retardation atsurrounds area, such as Bandung and it?s surrounding areas.Form the deformation map, can be observed that there was a subsidence in almostall urban areas in Bandung. The highest value of ground shrinkage occurred inCimahi and Bojong with 13.5 cm per year. Suspected, land subsidence of urbanareas in Bandung was caused by excessive use of ground water, especially in theindustrial area.;If the observation is made, it is observable that earth surface is always changing orconstantly undergo a deformation. This can be caused by natural factors, human,or a combination of both. Some of these deformation can lead to disaster if notlosses. Because of that, it important to have method to measure and ultimatelymap the ground surface deformation.In this study-case, the map of deformation that occurs in Bandung and itsurrounding areas was made. The focus of the experiment was to observe thedeformation rate per year in these areas. PSInSAR technique with StaMPSframework was used to processed PALSAR images of ALOS satellite.Mapping with radar images was chosen because of radar imaging system have thecapabilities to operate at almost any condition. SAR sensor signal can penetrateclouds this can be used to overcome the difficulties in analyzing the cloudy areas,such as Bandung. This sensor can also work day and night, because it is activesensor, it emit and recieve it's own signal.Using the SAR persistent scatterrer interferometry technique, measurementaccuracy up to mm per year can be obtained. In addition, by analyzing amplitudeand phase of multiple interferograms using StaMPS framework, the measurementeven with low coherence image can be done. For example, most of the area-ofinterestis covered by vegetation or randomly high atmosphere retardation atsurrounds area, such as Bandung and it?s surrounding areas.Form the deformation map, can be observed that there was a subsidence in almostall urban areas in Bandung. The highest value of ground shrinkage occurred inCimahi and Bojong with 13.5 cm per year. Suspected, land subsidence of urbanareas in Bandung was caused by excessive use of ground water, especially in theindustrial area., If the observation is made, it is observable that earth surface is always changing orconstantly undergo a deformation. This can be caused by natural factors, human,or a combination of both. Some of these deformation can lead to disaster if notlosses. Because of that, it important to have method to measure and ultimatelymap the ground surface deformation.In this study-case, the map of deformation that occurs in Bandung and itsurrounding areas was made. The focus of the experiment was to observe thedeformation rate per year in these areas. PSInSAR technique with StaMPSframework was used to processed PALSAR images of ALOS satellite.Mapping with radar images was chosen because of radar imaging system have thecapabilities to operate at almost any condition. SAR sensor signal can penetrateclouds this can be used to overcome the difficulties in analyzing the cloudy areas,such as Bandung. This sensor can also work day and night, because it is activesensor, it emit and recieve it's own signal.Using the SAR persistent scatterrer interferometry technique, measurementaccuracy up to mm per year can be obtained. In addition, by analyzing amplitudeand phase of multiple interferograms using StaMPS framework, the measurementeven with low coherence image can be done. For example, most of the area-ofinterestis covered by vegetation or randomly high atmosphere retardation atsurrounds area, such as Bandung and it’s surrounding areas.Form the deformation map, can be observed that there was a subsidence in almostall urban areas in Bandung. The highest value of ground shrinkage occurred inCimahi and Bojong with 13.5 cm per year. Suspected, land subsidence of urbanareas in Bandung was caused by excessive use of ground water, especially in theindustrial area.]"

"InSAR merupakan suatu teknik penggunaan sensor radar yang terintegrasi dengan satelit atau pesawat terbang dalam memetakan permukaan bumi dari ketinggian dan rentang waktu tertentu. Kesulitan pada daerah yang akan diamati, seperti daerah yang terkena longsor atau permukaan di sekitar pegunungan, dapat diatasi dengan bantuan metode InSAR yang memiliki keunggulan dalam mengukur deformasi pada daerah yang sangat luas. Metode DInSAR yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan salah satu teknik yang dirancang untuk mengatasi deformasi tersebut. Diperlukan setidaknya dua gambar SAR di area yang sama untuk menerapkan metode ini. Metode ini akan mereduksi (membedakan) antara interferogram yang dihasilkan dari data yang dibentuk oleh dua citra SAR berupa master dan slave, dengan interferogram yang dibentuk dari DEM. Hasil pengurangan ini akan menunjukkan ada tidaknya deformasi yang terjadi dalam rentang waktu citra SAR yang digunakan. Dari hasil pemetaan terlihat adanya penurunan muka tanah sebesar 16 cm pada periode pascabencana hingga 12 Januari 2017.

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InSAR is a technique of using radar sensors that are integrated with satellites or aircraft to map the earth's surface from a certain height and time span. Difficulties in the area to be observed, such as areas affected by landslides or the surface around mountains, can be overcome with the help of the InSAR method which has the advantage of measuring deformation over a very large area. The DInSAR method used in this study is a technique designed to overcome this deformation. At least two SAR images in the same area are required to apply this method. This method will reduce (differentiate) the interferogram generated from the data formed by two SAR images in the form of master and slave, with the interferogram formed from the DEM. The results of this reduction will show whether or not there is deformation that occurs within the time span of the SAR image used. From the mapping results, it can be seen that there is a land subsidence of 16 cm in the post-disaster period until January 12, 2017."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persebaran dan besar penurunan tanah di kota Surabaya dengan metode DInSAR (Differential Interferometry Sytetic Aperture Radar). Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan data satelit ALOS PALSAR untuk melihat gejala penurunan tanah di Surabaya selama 2006 hingga 2011.Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa daerah di utara kota Surabaya menunjukkan adannya indikasi penurunan tanah. Perkiraan nilai subsiden selama waktu penelitian bervariasi dengan dominasi penurunan antara 0 s.d 6 cm dalam 4 tahun. Perbandingan dengan data survei lapang menunjukkan bahwa hasil analisis DInSAR memberikan perkiraan penurunan tanah yang cukup baik.

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This study aims to determine the distribution of land and a large decrease in Surabaya with methods DInSAR (Differential Aperture Radar Interferometry Syntetic). In this study, the authors use ALOS PALSAR satellite data to look at the symptoms of soil degradation in Surabaya during 2006 to 2011.

In this study it was found that the area north of the city of Surabaya showed adannya indication of soil degradation. Estimated value of subsidence during the study period varied with the dominance of the decline between 0 to 6 cm within ± 4 years. Comparison with field survey data show that the results of DInSAR analyzes provide estimates of soil degradation are quite good."

"Pertumbuhan Jakarta yang semakin pesat menyebabkan pembangunan di Jakarta terus meningkat dan menimbulkan permasalahan penurunan muka tanah. Penurunan muka tanah sendiri dapat berpengaruh terhadap wilayah banjir, yakni dapat mempengaruhi kedalaman dan durasi banjir. Jakarta Barat, khususnya wilayah Rawa Buaya, merupakan salah satu wilayah yang mengalami permasalahan penurunan muka tanah dan banjir.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji korelasi antara penurunan muka tanah dengan wilayah banjir di Rawa Buaya.Metodologi yang digunakan adalah dengan mengkorelasikan antara data sekunder titik pengamatan penurunan tanah yang diinterpolasi dan data kedalam dan durasi banjir yang diperoleh dari hasil survei lapang.Dengan menggunakan analisis autokorelasi spasial, korelasi antara penurunan muka tanah dengan kedalaman dan durasi banjir hanya terjadi di sebagian kecil saja dari wilayah Rawa Buaya. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai indeks Moran’s I sebesar 0,361 dan 0,378 yang berarti memiliki korelasi spasial yang lemah. Pengaruh penurunan muka tanah terhadap kedalaman dan durasi banjir yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai R2 masing-masing hanya sebesar 13,1 persen dan 14,4 persen. Wilayah yang memiliki korelasi antara penurunan tanah dan wilayah banjir ada dibagian tengah hingga utara Rawa Buaya.

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The rapid growth of Jakarta led to construction's rise and caused land subsidence problems. Land subsidence it self can work on the flood areas, which can affect the depth and duration of flooding. West Jakarta, particularly Rawa Buaya is a region with land subsidence and flooding's problems.

This study aimed to assess the correlation between land subsidence and flood areas in Rawa Buaya. The methodology used is correlation between secondary data of land subsidence's observations points that are interpolated and data of flooding’s depth and duration that are obtained from surveys.

By using spatial autocorrelation analysis, the correlation between land subsidence and flood’s depth and duration only occurs in a small fraction of Rawa Buaya. This is indicated by the values of Moran's I index that are 0.361 and 0.378, which means having a weak spatial correlation. The influence of land subsidence on flood’s depth and duration was indicated by R2's values that are 13.1 percent and 14.4 percent. The regions that has correlation between land subsidence and flooding there in the middle region to the north of Rawa Buaya."