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"ABSTRAKPakistan is an underdeveloped country, full of socio-economic problems where a few opperss and exploit many. One of the most significant reasons, in this context, is the high illiteracy rate in the country. However, can high literacy rates guarranty peace, prosperity, and juctice in any society? Cleary not. There are several countries where the literacy rate is high yet it remains relatively under developed. However, it also a fact that the countries where the literacy rate is high have been able to emerge as economic power. In the regard, Freire's concept of literacy education is very helpful in that it is essentially hopful in nature and it is this optimism which gives it the potential to transform oppressive situations. "

"Bahasa Keperawatan Terstandarisasi atau Standardized Nursing Language (SNL) merupakan komponen penting pada dokumentasi keperawatan. Penerapan SNL pada dokumentasi keperawatan di Indonesia belum optimal disebabkan oleh perbedaan variasi jenis SNL yang digunakan dan karakteristik perawat yang beragam membuat adanya perbedaan persepsi penerapan SNL pada dokumentasi keperawatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional, bertujuan meneliti korelasi antara karakteristik perawat dengan persepsi tentang SNL. Sampel pada penelitian ini diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling sebanyak 100 perawat dari RSUD X Jakarta Selatan. Instrumen penelitian adalah “Kuesioner Persepsi Perawat tentang SNL” yang dimodifikasi oleh Visya Septiana dengan nilai validitas 0,355 dan nilai realibilitas Cronbach's Alpha 0,929. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson, uji korelasi Spearman dan Independent T-Test. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan hasil jenjang pendidikan dengan p value 0,041, masa kerja (p value 0,044), tahun kelulusan (p value 0,047) dan pengalaman pelatihan SNL NANDA-I, NIC dan NOC (p value 0,035). Peneliti merekomendasikan upaya peningkatan pendidikan dan pelatihan SNL kepada perawat agar dapat menerapkan SNL dalam dokumentasi keperawatan.

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Standardized Nursing Language (SNL) is an important component in nursing documentation. The application of SNL in nursing documentation in Indonesia has not been optimal, due to the various types of SNL used and the various characteristics of nurses which resulting in different perceptions of SNL implementation. This study uses a cross sectional approach to examine the correlation between nurse characteristics and their perceptions about SNL. The sample in this study was taken by consecutive sampling method as many as 100 nurses from Hospital X in South Jakarta. The research instrument used was “The Nurse's Perception of SNL Questionnaire” modified by Visya Septiana with validity rate 0.355 and Cronbach's Alpha rate 0.929. The analysis of this research using the Pearson correlation test, the Spearman correlation test and the Independent T-Test. Bivariate test results showed a significant relationship between the type of education (p value 0.041), years of service (p value 0.044), year of graduation (p value 0.047) and experience of NANDA-I, NIC and NOC training (p value 0.035) with perceptions of SNL as the dependent variable. Researcher recommend efforts to develop the education or training of SNL to nurses."

"This volume on changing relationship between state and market, contains, besides an introductory analytic overview of the issues, accounts from different countries, regions, and thematic perspectives. Chapter authors describe and analyze government reforms and other developments that have directly or indirectly affected this relationship. Although the geographical focus is on North America, especially Mexico, South East Asia and Europe, the phenomenon is not limited to these regions and countries but worldwide."