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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek perkembangan sejarah industri arak, khususnya "arak gelap", dibeberapa kota di Jawa sejak sekitar pertengahan abad ke-19hingga perempat pertama abad berikutnya. Segi-segi yang dikajidalam tulisan ini ialah: (i) asal-usul tradisi serta teknik pembuatan arak; (ii) profil usaha industri arak di beberapa kota di Jawa; dan (iii) dampak sikap moral dan tindakan politik "anti-alkohol" pemerintah kolonial terhadap usaha tersebut.Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber kepustakaan dan arsip-arsip kolonial yang tidak diterbitkan."

"This article addresses the research on media history in Indonesia. The VOC(Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) period of the seventeenth/eighteenthcentury, also known as the early modern period, is regarded as a starting pointin this study. It was during this time that printing machines were imported fromEurope by the VOC authorities. The availability of paper and printing ink alsomade it possible for the production of printed matter such as forms, books, andother material. The first known printed media was the Bataviasche Nouvelles,which served as a kind of newspaper. This period saw three types of publishinghouses: (1) urban publishing; (2) publishing houses working under contract; and(3) royal publishing houses. Basically however, all these different publishingactivities were aimed at supporting the existence of the VOC. Publishingcompanies were generally engaged in providing service to the Church andmeeting the VOC?s administrative requirements. Communication media, basedon enhancing freedom of opinion and disseminating information, would pose aproblem as it would come face to face with VOC?s power monopoly."

"This article examine a study of exploration in which is ?style? of masked dancedrama?s concentration of Surakarta and Yogyakarta regions. Two of them were the center of masked dancedrama called ?Dramatari Topeng? in Java island. Because of the specific scope of study focussed on masked dancedrama in Java, so that the article will strives a very limited topic namely ?identifi cation of performance style?. Basic stuff of masked dancedrama in Java based on movement materials of two different grand style in Surakarta include its root in Klaten and arround, and Yogyakarta style and its root arround Kalasan area. All of two grand styles will explore using ethnochoreopogical approach which are combined by comparative study related to its urgence on multilayered entities of their performance each other. Through this article we would recognize the aspects of identifi cation of grand style within two movement materials of the most infl uence dance style in the masked dancedrama in Java."

"ABSTRAKDisertasi ini menguraikan tentang proses kontrak sewa tanah dan semua ketentuan yang mengaturnya di wilayah Kesunanan Surakarta dan Kesultanan Yogyakarta selama periode 1818-1912. Fokus penelitian ini adalah terjadinya kontrak sewa atas tanah-tanah apanage dan tanah-tanah lain di kerajaan-kerajaan Jawa oleh pengusaha asing dalam berbagai bentuk hak sewa. Pendekatan struktural dan teori tentang hukum adat digunakan untuk menjelaskan terjadinya proses perubahan yang berlangsung di wilayah Projo Kejawen, terutama dengan adanya pergeseran di bidang hukum.Kajian ini menemukan bahwa proses persewaan tanah mengakibatkan terdesaknya penggunaan hukum adat oleh hukum positif Barat, terutama dengan adanya penerapan prinsip Konkordansi. Prinsip ini bertujuan untuk memberlakukan hukum yang berlaku di Belanda bagi tanah koloninya, termasuk di wilayah raja-raja Jawa (Vorstenlanden). Seiring dengan perubahan itu, sejumlah peraturan kontrak sewa tanah dibuat oleh pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda bagi persewaan tanah di Projo Kejawen. Sebagai akibat proses tersebut, muncul berbagai bentuk hak atas tanah yang tidak pernah dikenal dalam hukum adat Jawa. Kondisi yang diciptakan dalam struktur kepemilikan tanah oleh perubahan ini menjadi dasar yang kuat untuk memotivasi pemerintah kolonial melakukan reorganisasi agraria di Vorstenlanden.

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ABSTRACT

This dissertation describes the process of landlease contract and all provisions that regulate it in the Kesunanan of Surakarta and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta the period 1818-1912. The focus of this study was the occurrence of a lease of apanage lands and other lands in the Javanese royal realm by foreign businessmen in various forms of lease rights. Structural approach and a theory of adat law is used to describe the process of change that taken place in the Projo Kejawen, especially with the shift in the legal aspect.

This study finds that the process of the landlease resulted in the replacing of customary law by the Western positive law, especially with the implementation of Concordance principle. This principle aims to enforce the laws of the Netherlands for the land colonies, including in the area of the kings of Java (Vorstenlanden). Along with those changes, a number of landlease regulations were made by the Dutch East Indies colonial government for leasing land in the Projo Kejawen. As a result of the process, other forms of land rights which never recognized in the adat law of Java were applied. Conditions that created in the structure of land ownership by this change was a strong basis to motivate the colonial government to make a program of agrarian reorganization in Vorstenlanden."