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"Kemenangan Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf pada pemilihan umum Pakistan 2018 menjadi fenomena tersendiri dalam kontestasi politik di Pakistan. Partai yang dipimpin oleh Imran Khan ini berhasil secara cukup signifikan mengalahkan kekuatan-kekuatan partai politik lama yang telah bergantian memimpin parlemen Pakistan, seperti Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz dan Pakistan People’s Party. Dalam hal ini, penggunaan narasi populisme menjadi senjata utama bagi Imran Khan dan partainya dalam menyaingi partai-partai lama tersebut. Narasi dikotomis antara identitas kelompok elit korup dengan the people yang menginginkan perubahan, serta retorika anti Barat dan islamisme yang kuat, merupakan ciri khas dalam strategi politik Imran Khan yang pada tahun 2018 berhasil menjadi Perdana Menteri Pakistan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi komunikasi dan sikap populis Imran Khan dalam kemenangan Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf pada pemilihan umum Pakistan 2018. Dengan melakukan studi literatur melalui metode kualitatif, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi komunikasi dan sikap populis lewat konstituen kedaulatan the people, people-centrism, dan anti elitisme yang digunakan oleh Imran Khan berhasil dalam memenangkan Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf pada pemilihan umum Pakistan 2018.

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Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf’s victory in the 2018 Pakistan general election has become a phenomenon in Pakistan’s political contest. The party led by Imran Khan has succeeded

in significantly defeating the forces of the old political parties which have taken turns leading the Pakistan parliament, such as the Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz and the Pakistan People’s Party. In this case, the use of populism narratives is the main weapon for Imran Khan and his party in competing with these old parties. The dichotomous narrative between the corrupt elite groups and people who want change, as well as strong anti-Western rhetoric and islamism, are the characteristics of Imran Khan’s

political strategy, which in 2018 succeeded in becoming the Prime Minister of Pakistan. This study aims to analyze Imran Khan’s populist communication and attitude strategy in Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf’s victory in the 2018 Pakistan general election. By conducting a literature study through qualitative methods, this paper concluded that the populist communication and attitude strategy through the constituents of the people’s sovereignty, people-centrism, and anti-elitism used by Imran Khan was successful in winning Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf at the 2018 Pakistan general election."

"This study provides a new interpretation of how political authority was conceived and transmitted in the early Mongol empire (1227-59) and its successor state in Iran, the Ilkhanate (1258-1335). Authority within the Mongol empire was intimately tied to the character of its founder, Chinggis Khan, whose reign served as an idealized model for the exercise of legitimate authority amongst his political successors. After Chinggis Khans death in 1227 two distinct political traditions emerged in the Mongol Empire, the collegial and the patrimonial, each representing the political and economic interests of different social groups within the Mongol polity. These two groups formed competing ideas on how legitimate authority should be exercised in the Mongol Empire based upon Chinggis Khans legacy. The present study documents the emergence of these two streams of political authority and assesses their impact upon the constitution and character of the Early Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate. In doing so, this book provides a more comprehensive account of how power was conceived and exercised in the Mongol Empire, particularly amongst the noyat (military aristocracy), whose contribution to the Mongol polity has traditionally received little attention."