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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perjuangan dari para pemain baseball kulit hitam yang mendapatkan diskriminasi pada olah raga baseball di AS. Mereka berusaha menunjukkan eksistensinya sebagai pemain baseball ketik mereka tidak diperkenankan bermain bersama orang kulit putih pada suatu liga bernama major league. Perjuangan para pemain kulit hitam ini dilakukan dengan cara membentuk tim dan liga bagi pemain-pemainkulit hitam. Mereka juga berusaha menunjukkan eksistensinya dengan berprestasi sebaik mungkindi liga mereka yang bernama negro league sehingga hal ini dapat menarik perhatian dari kalangan kulit putih.

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This thesis explore about the struggle of the black baseball players that have been discriminated in the game in USA. They tried to show their existence as the baseball players when they not allowed playing together with the white player in a league called major league. The struggle of this black ball-players is showed by form the team and a league which is consist of all black players, they also try to called negro league so they may draw the white people attention."

"Latar belakang: Kriteria klasifikasi ACR 1997, SLICC 2012, dan EULAR/ACR 2019 telah banyak digunakan untuk membantu penegakan diagnosis LES. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas masing-masing klasifikasi tersebut telah banyak dilaporkan pada populasi dewasa. Akan tetapi, penelitian performa diagnostik pada populasi anak masih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan performa diagnostik ketiga kriteria klasifikasi tersebut pada LES anak.Metode: Rekam medis pasien yang tercatat sebagai penderita penyakit autoimun dengan hasil ANA positif pada periode Januari 2010-Mei 2021 diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Rekam medis ini kemudian dinilai oleh dua orang konsultan alergi-imunologi untuk penentuan diagnosis LES atau bukan LES. Setiap kasus kemudian diekstrapolasi ke dalam ketiga kriteria klasifikasi, kemudian dinilai performa diagnostik.Hasil: Sebanyak 86 kasus LES (rerata usia saat diagnosis 12,73±2,97 tahun) dengan rasio perempuan : lelaki adalah 11:1 dan 44 kasus bukan LES (rerata usia saat diagnosis 8,86±4,78 tahun) dengan rasio perempuan : lelaki adalah 2:1. Kriteria klasifikasi EULAR/ACR 2019 memiliki sensitivitas tertinggi sebesar 100% dibandingkan dengan ACR 1997 (90%) dan SLICC 2012 (98%). Spesifisitas ACR 1997, SLICC 2012, dan EULAR/ACR 2019 masing-masing 90%, 86%, dan 68%. Nilai prediksi positif ACR 1997 tertinggi dibandingkan SLICC 2012 dan EULAR/ACR 2019 yaitu 94%, 91%, dan 86%. Sedangkan, nilai prediksi negatif EULAR/ACR 2019 tertinggi dibandingkan ACR 1997 dan SLICC 2012 masing-masing 100%, 83%, dan 95%.Simpulan: Kriteria klasifikasi EULAR/ACR 2019 memiliki sensitivitas tertinggi, sedangkan kriteria klasifikasi ACR 1997 memiliki spesifisitas yang paling baik dibandingkan dua kriteria klasifikasi lainnya.Background: The classification criteria of ACR 1997, SLICC 2012, and EULAR/ACR 2019 have been widely used to establish the diagnosis of childhood-onset SLE. The sensitivity and specificity of these classification criteria have been reported in the adult-onset SLE. However, only few studies have been conducted in the childhood-onset SLE. This study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of the three classification criteria in childhood-onset SLE.Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed with autoimmune diseases who had positive ANA from January 2010 to May 2021 were reviewed.  Each record was assessed by two allergy-immunology consultants to determine the diagnosis of SLE or not SLE. Each subject data was extrapolated to fullfil classification criteria and was calculated of the diagnostic performance.Results: This study consisted of 86 cases of SLE (mean age at diagnosis 12.73±2.97 years), female to male ratio was 11:1. There were 44 subject non-SLE (mean age at diagnosis 8.86±4.78 years), female to male ratio was 2:1. The sensitivity of EULAR/ACR 2019 was 100% (the highest sensitivity) while SLICC 2012 was 98% and ACR 1997 was 90%. The specificity of ACR 1997, SLICC 2012, and EULAR/ACR 2019 were 90%, 86%, and 68%, respectively. The positive predictive value for 1997 ACR was the highest one compare to SLICC 2012 and EULAR/ACR 2019 (94%, 91%, and 86%, respectively).  Meanwhile, the negative predictive value for EULAR/ACR 2019, SLICC 2012, and ACR 1997 were 100%, 95%, and 83%, respectively.Conclusion: The classification criteria of EULAR/ACR 2019 has the highest sensitivity and ACR 1997 has the highest specificity than the other classification criteria."

"[This book lays down a marker as to the state of economists’ understanding of the National Football League (NFL) by assembling sophisticated, critical surveys of by leading sports economists on major topics associated with the league. The book is divided into four parts. The first three chapters in Part I provide an overview of the business of the NFL from an economist’s perspective. Part II is a collection of surveys of the economics of the NFL’s most important revenue streams, including media, attendance, and merchandising. The NFL’s labor economics is the focus of Part III, with chapters on player and coach labor markets, the draft, and contract structure. Part IV includes essays on competitive balance, gambling, economic impacts of the Super Bowl, behavioral economic issues associated with the league, and antitrust issues. , This book lays down a marker as to the state of economists’ understanding of the National Football League (NFL) by assembling sophisticated, critical surveys of by leading sports economists on major topics associated with the league. The book is divided into four parts. The first three chapters in Part I provide an overview of the business of the NFL from an economist’s perspective. Part II is a collection of surveys of the economics of the NFL’s most important revenue streams, including media, attendance, and merchandising. The NFL’s labor economics is the focus of Part III, with chapters on player and coach labor markets, the draft, and contract structure. Part IV includes essays on competitive balance, gambling, economic impacts of the Super Bowl, behavioral economic issues associated with the league, and antitrust issues. ]"

"Genius has no race. Strength has no gender. Coruage has no limit. The phenomenal true story of the black female mathematicians at NASA whose calculations helped fuel some of America's greatest achievements in space. Before John Glenn orbited the earth or Neil Armstrong walked on the moon, some of the brightest minds of their generation, known as 'human computers', used pencils and adding machines to calculate the numbers that would launch rockets, and astronauts, into space. Starting in World War II and moving through to the Cold War, the civil rights movement, and the space race, Hidden Figures follows the interwoven accounts of Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, and Christine Darden, four African American women who participated in some of NASA's greatest successes. It chronicles their careers over nearly three decades they faced challenges, forged alliances, and used their intellect to change their own lives, and their country's future. It is a powerful and revelatory tale of race, discrimination and achievement in the modern world.Starting in World War II and moving through to the Cold War, the civil rights movement, and the space race, [this book] follows the interwoven accounts of Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, and Christine Darden, four African American women who participated in some of NASA's greatest successes. It chronicles their careers over nearly three decades they faced challenges, forged alliances, and used their intellect to change their own lives, and their country's future."