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"This book deals with a provincial town attending to its day-to-day business against the backdrop of an exacting war fought far afield against the Habsburgs (1683-99). The dynamics of long-term economic growth were temporarily disturbed by the wartime economy while realignment in center-periphery relations affected the local power structure and practices of status management. Meanwhile, the local elite continued to dominate public life, hence the lives of commoners. This study opens a window onto this world through a close examination of the court records of the town."

"In Malay Court Religion, Culture and Language: Interpreting the Quran in 17th Century Aceh Peter G. Riddell undertakes a detailed study of the two earliest works of Quranic exegesis from the Malay-Indonesian world. Riddell explores the 17th century context in the Sultanate of Aceh that produced the two works, and the history of both texts. He argues that political, social and religious factors provide important windows into the content and approaches of both Quranic commentaries. He also provides a transliteration of the Jawi Malay text of both commentaries on sura 18 of the Quran ( al-Kahf), as well as an annotated translation into English. This work represents an important contribution to the search for greater understanding of the early Islamic history of the Malay-Indonesian world."

"ABSTRAKThe Malay letters make up the largest category of documents among the Malay manuscripts preserved at Leiden University Library, the Netherlands. The corpus represents the scope of the territories under Dutch East Indies authority during the colonial era. In fact, they are authentic documents which denote not only political contact between the local kingdoms in the Archipelago (Nusantara) with the Dutch East Indies government in Batavia during colonial times but also constitute an important source for the study of the historical development of the Malay language. This essay looks at the language characters of such letters which came from the court of Buton in Southeast Sulawesi. It aims to sketch the linguistic variety of the classical Malay language represented in its eighteenth century letter-writing tradition. Having specific diction and features that confirm local influences, the language of the letters shows distinctiveness in terms of phonology, morphology and syntax."

"Maka adalah salah satu konjungsi yang banyak digunakan dalam naskah klasik dan masih dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai naskah berbahasa Indonesia pada masa kini. Penggunaan konjungsi maka tersebut tentunya mengalami perubahan dari masa ke masa. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri perkembangan fungsi konjungsi maka dari abad ke-17 sampai abad ke-21. Tujuan lainnya adalah memaparkan fungsi konjungsi maka yang bertahan, muncul, dan menghilang dari abad ke-17 sampai abad ke-21. Karena penelitian ini membahas perkembangan konjungsi maka, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan diakronis. Data yang digunakan terdiri atas naskah Hikayat Indraputra, Hikayat Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi, Sitti Nurbaya, dan Laskar Pelangi. Setelah diteliti, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi konjungsi maka yang muncul pada abad ke-17 terdiri atas penunjuk kelanjutan, akibat, konsekuensi dalam kalimat bersyarat, dan permulaan cerita. Fungsi konjungsi maka yang muncul pada abad ke-19 terdiri atas penunjuk kelanjutan, akibat, konsekuensi dalam kalimat bersyarat, pengantar topik baru, dan permulaan cerita. Fungsi konjungsi maka yang muncul pada abad ke-20 terdiri atas penunjuk kelanjutan, akibat, dan pengantar topik baru. Sementara itu, fungsi konjungsi maka yang muncul pada abad ke-21 terdiri atas penunjuk kelanjutan, akibat, konsekuensi dalam kalimat bersyarat, dan pengantar topik baru. Berdasarkan kemunculannya tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa fungsi yang bertahan digunakan dari abad ke-17 sampai abad ke-21 adalah penunjuk kelanjutan dan penunjuk akibat. Selanjutnya, fungsi yang muncul dan tetap bertahan digunakan adalah pengantar topik baru. Fungsi konjungsi maka yang menghilang adalah penunjuk permulaan cerita. Selain itu, terdapat pula fungsi konjungsi maka yang bertahan-menghilang-muncul kembali, yaitu penunjuk konsekuensi dalam kalimat bersyarat.

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Maka is one of the most widely used conjunctions in classical texts and can still be found in various texts on the use of contemporary Indonesian. The use of maka conjunction is certainly changing from time to time. Therefore, this study aims to trace the development of maka conjunction function from the 17th century to the 21st century. Another aim is to expose the function of maka conjunctions that persist, appear, and dissappear from the 17th to the 21th century. Because this study discusses the development of maka conjunction, the research method used is qualitative method with diachronic approach. The data used consist of Hikayat Indraputra, Hikayat Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi, Sitti Nurbaya, and Laskar Pelangi.

After investigation, the results show that the maka conjunction function that emerged in the 17th century consisted of pointer of continuation, pointer of effect, pointer of consequences in conditional sentences, and pointer of the beginning of story. The maka conjunction function that emerged in the 19th century consisted of pointer of continuation, pointer of effect, pointer of consequences in conditional sentences, introduction of a new topic, and pointer of the beginning of story. The maka conjunction function that emerged in the 20th century consisted of pointer of continuation, pointer of effect, and introduction of a new topic. Meanwhile, the maka conjunction function that emerged in the 21st century consisted of pointer of continuation, pointer of effect, pointer of consequences in conditional sentence, and introduction of a new topic.

Based on its emergence it can be seen that the function that persisted in use from 17th century until the 21st century is pointer of continuation and pointer of effect. Furthermore, the function that appears and persists is the introduction of a new topic. The missing function of maka conjunctions is pointer of the beginning of story. In addition, there is also a function of the conjunction maka persists disappear reappears, which is a pointer of consequences in conditional sentence."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian diakronis yang membahas perkembangan fungsi preposisi daripada dalam bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menelusuri perkembangan fungsi preposisi daripada dari abad ke-17 sampai abad ke-21. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah naskah abad ke-17 Hikayat Indraputra, naskah abad ke-19 Hikayat Abdullah, novel abad ke-20 Sitti Nurbaja, dan novel abad ke-21 Laskar Pelangi. Penulis menggunakan situs Malay Concordance Project MCP dan aplikasi AntConc untuk mendapatkan data berupa klausa atau kalimat yang mengandung preposisi daripada. Berdasarkan analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa fungsi preposisi daripada yang bertahan dari abad ke-17 sampai abad ke-21 adalah fungsi penanda perbandingan dan penanda sumber; fungsi preposisi daripada yang pernah ada dan menghilang adalah fungsi penanda sebab, penanda milik, penanda perihal, dan penanda awal kejadian; dan fungsi yang sebelumnya tidak digunakan dan baru muncul pada abad ke-19 adalah fungsi penanda perihal.

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This research is a diachronic research which deals with the development of preposition daripada. The purpose is to trace the development of the functions of preposition daripada in Indonesian from 17th century to 21st century. The data are taken from the 17th century manusricpt Hikayat Indraputra, the 19th century manuscript Hikayat Abdullah, the 20th century novel Sitti Nurbaja, and the 21st century novel Laskar Pelangi. To collect the data, the researcher made use of Malay Concordaces Project site and Antconc application.

From the data analysis, it is concluded that the functions of daripada which have been in use from the 17th century to the 21st century are as comparison marker and source marker the functions of daripada which were in use then disappeared are as cause marker, possession marker, initial event marker, and topic marker the functions of daripada which did not exist but appeared in the 19th century is as topic marker."